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List Of Corticosteroids
This is a list of corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) or derivative (chemistry), derivatives of cortisol (hydrocortisone). Most esters of these corticosteroids are not included in this list; for esters, see corticosteroid ester, here instead. The most common chemical structure, structural molecular modification, modifications in synthetic compound, synthetic corticosteroids include 1(2)-dehydrogenation, 6α-, 9α-, 16α-, and 16β-substituent, substitution (with a halocarbon, halogen or methyl group), 16α,17α-acetonide, acetonidation, and 17α- and 21-esterification. Natural * 11-Dehydrocorticosterone (11-oxocorticosterone, 17-deoxycortisone) = 21-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione * 11-Deoxycorticosterone (deoxycortone, desoxycortone; 21-hydroxyprogesterone) = 21-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione * 11-Deoxycortisol (cortodoxone, cortexolone) = 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione * 11-Ketoprogesterone (11-oxoprogesterone; Ketogestin) = pregn-4-ene-3,11,20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esterification
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (either organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group () of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R). These compounds contain a distinctive functional group. Analogues derived from oxygen replaced by other chalcogens belong to the ester category as well. According to some authors, organyl derivatives of acidic hydrogen of other acids are esters as well (e.g. amides), but not according to the IUPAC. Glycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol; they are important in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids and comprising the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters; naturally occurring lactones are mainly 5- and 6-membered ring lactones. Lactones contribute to the aroma of fruits, butter, cheese, vegetables like celery and other foods. Esters can be formed from oxoacids (e.g. esters of acetic acid, carbonic acid, sulfu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18-Hydroxycorticosterone
18-Hydroxycorticosterone is an endogenous steroid. It is a derivative of corticosterone. Function 18-Hydroxycorticosterone serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of aldosterone by the enzyme aldosterone synthase in the zona glomerulosa. It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of corticosterone. It spontaneously and reversibly converts to various less polar forms and derivatives, some of which serve as precursors to aldosterone or corticosterone. Specifically, 21-hydroxy-11,18-oxido-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (18-DAL) is hydroxylated to aldosterone in the presence of malate and NADP+ at pH 4.8, indicating that 18-DAL acts as a metabolic intermediate between 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone. Corticosterone is a mediate precursor in this biosynthesis pathway, with 18-hydroxycorticosterone serving as an intermediate between corticosterone and aldosterone. See also * 18-Hydroxycortisol * Aldosterone synthase Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone
18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (also known as 18-OH-DOC, 18,21-dihydroxyprogesterone, and 18,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) is an endogenous steroid and a mineralocorticoid. It is a hydroxylated metabolite of 11-deoxycorticosterone. In rats, conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone into 18-OH-DOC is catalyzed by the CYP11B3 enzyme. In humans, 18-OH-DOC is a weak mineralocorticoid. It may be increased in 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1) deficiency, in aldosterone synthase ( CYP11B2) deficiency, in primary aldosteronism Primary aldosteronism (PA)'','' also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, refers to the excess production of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands, resulting in low renin levels and high blood pressure. This abnormality is a paraneopl ..., and may also indicate a histologic variant of the aldosteronoma. Excessive secretion of 18-OH-DOC can cause mineralocorticoid excess syndrome, although these cases are very rare. References External links * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11β-Hydroxyprogesterone
11β-Hydroxyprogesterone (11β-OHP), also known as 21-deoxycorticosterone, as well as 11β-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a naturally occurring, endogenous steroid and derivative of progesterone. It is a potent mineralocorticoid. Syntheses of 11β-OHP from progesterone is catalyzed by the steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) enzyme, and, to a lesser extent, by the aldosterone synthase enzyme (CYP11B2). Function Along with its epimer 11α-hydroxyprogesterone (11α-OHP), 11β-OHP has been identified as a very potent competitive Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, indi ... inhibitor of both isoforms ( 1 and 2) of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). Outcome of 21-hydroxylase deficiency It has been known since 1987 that increased levels of 11β-OHP occur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11-Ketoprogesterone
11-Ketoprogesterone (brand name Ketogestin; former developmental code names Bio 66, U-1258), or 11-oxoprogesterone, also known as pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, is a pregnane steroid related to cortisone (11-keto-17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone) that was formerly used in veterinary medicine in the treatment of bovine ketosis. It was synthesized in 1940. The steroid has profound effects on carbohydrate metabolism and possesses activities associated with adrenal cortex hormones like cortisone. However, it is non-toxic even in high dosages, suggesting that it lacks conventional glucocorticoid activity, and it does not possess mineralocorticoid activity, unlike other adrenocortical hormones. 11-Ketoprogesterone may act through membrane glucocorticoid receptors. 11-Ketoprogesterone is reportedly devoid of androgenic, estrogenic, and progestogenic activity. 11β-Hydroxyprogesterone has also been reported to be devoid of progestogenic activity, but has subsequently been reported to possess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
