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List Of Body Armor Performance Standards
Body armor performance standards are lists generated by national authorities, of requirements for armor to perform reliably, clearly indicating what the armor may and may not defeat. Different countries have different standards, which may include threats that are not present in other countries. VPAM armor standard (Europe) The VPAM scale as of 2009 runs from 1 to 14, with 1-5 being soft armor, and 6-14 being hard armor. Tested armor must withstand three hits, spaced apart, of the designated test threat with no more than of back-face deformation in order to pass. Of note is the inclusion of special regional threats such as Swiss P AP from RUAG and .357 DAG. According to VPAM's website, it is apparently used in France and Britain. The VPAM scale is as follows: TR armor standard (Germany) The Technische Richtlinie (TR) Ballistische Schutzwesten is a regulation guide in Germany for body armor. It is mainly issued for body armor used by the German police, but also for the German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Armor
Body armour, personal armour (also spelled ''armor''), armoured suit (''armored'') or coat of armour, among others, is armour for human body, a person's body: protective clothing or close-fitting hands-free shields designed to absorb or deflect physical attacks. Historically used to protect military personnel, today it is also used by various types of police (riot police in particular), private security guards, or bodyguards, and occasionally ordinary citizens. Today there are two main types: regular non-plated body armor for moderate to substantial protection, and hard-plate reinforced body armor for maximum protection, such as used by combatants. History Many factors have affected the development of personal armor throughout human history. Significant factors in the development of armor include the economic and technological necessities of armor production. For instance full plate armor first appeared in medieval Europe when water-powered trip hammers made the formation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SR-1 Vektor
The SR-1 Vektor also known as the Gyurza (''Гюрза'', Russian for " blunt-nosed viper") or Serdyukov SPS is a semi-automatic pistol. Design The operating system is based on the Beretta 92, utilizing a dropping block. The frame is polymer and steel. While the SR-1 does not have a traditional manual safety, it is equipped with a grip safety that disengages the trigger mechanism, as well as a trigger safety to prevent fire when the trigger is not depressed. Additionally the hammer must also be placed into half-cock to engage the sear and enable double action firing. The SR-1 pistol is chambered in 9×21mm Gyurza, a specialised cartridge also used by the SR-2 Veresk submachine gun designed for the Russian military. Variants SR-1M The SR-1M variant redesigns and modernizes the handguns frame, adds a lanyard loop behind the magazine, and enlarges the grip safety device for easier usage. SR-1MP The SR-1MP variant is a further modernization kit of the SR-1M which adds two ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hollow-point Bullet
A hollow-point bullet is a type of expanding bullet which expands on impact with a soft target, transferring more or all of the projectile's energy into the target over a shorter distance. Hollow-point bullets are used for controlled penetration, where overpenetration could cause collateral damage (such as aboard an aircraft). In target shooting, they are used for greater accuracy due to the larger meplat. They are more accurate and predictable compared to pointed bullets which, despite having a higher ballistic coefficient (BC), are more sensitive to bullet harmonic characteristics and wind deflection. Plastic-tipped bullets are a type of (rifle) bullet meant to confer the aerodynamic advantage of the Spitzer bullet (for example, see very-low-drag bullet) and the stopping power of hollow-point bullets. Gunshot wounds from hollow-point bullets can be very painful; due to this, they have been banned from use in wartime. They may leave fragments difficult to remove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
357 SIG
The .357 SIG (designated as the 357 Sig by the SAAMI and 357 SIG by the C.I.P. or 9×22 mm in official metric notation) is a bottlenecked rimless centerfire handgun cartridge developed by the Swiss-German firearms manufacturer SIG Sauer, in cooperation with ammunition manufacturer Federal Premium. The cartridge is used by a number of law enforcement agencies.''The Gun Digest Book of Sig-Sauer: a complete look at Sig-Sauer pistols.'' Massad Ayoob. 2004. pp. 51–53. History The .357 SIG is based on a necked-down .40 Smith & Wesson case, forgoing the large pistol primer utilized by the 10mm Auto in favor of the small pistol primer used in many common self-defense rounds, such as .40 S&W, .38 Special, 9 mm and other similarly-sized cartridges. Excluding specialized wildcat cartridges used in competition shooting — e.g., the 9×25mm Dillon, which necked a 10mm Auto case down to a 9 mm bullet — the .357 SIG was the first modern bottlenecked handgun cartridge to become ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
45 ACP
The .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol), also known as .45 Auto, .45 Automatic, or 11.43×23mm is a Rim (firearms)#Rimless, rimless straight-walled handgun Cartridge (firearms), cartridge designed by John Moses Browning in 1904, for use in his prototype Colt's Manufacturing Company, Colt semi-automatic pistol. After successful military trials, it was adopted as the standard chambering for Colt's M1911 pistol. The round was developed due to a lack of stopping power experienced in the Moro Rebellion in places like Sulu. The issued ammunition, .38 Long Colt, had proved inadequate, motivating the search for a better cartridge. This experience and the Thompson–LaGarde Tests of 1904 led the Army and the Cavalry to decide that a minimum of .45 caliber was required in a new handgun cartridge. The standard-issue military .45 ACP cartridge uses a round-nose bullet at approximately fired from a government-issue M1911A1 pistol. It operates at a relatively low maximum chamber pressure rating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
40 S&W
The .40 S&W (10.2×22mm) is a Rim (firearms), rimless pistol Cartridge (firearms), cartridge developed jointly by American firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and U.S. Repeating Arms Company, Winchester in 1990. The .40 S&W was developed as a law enforcement cartridge designed to duplicate performance of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) reduced-velocity 10mm Auto cartridge which could be retrofitted into medium-frame (9 mm size) semi-automatic handguns. It uses bullets ranging in weight from .''Hornady Handbook of Cartridge Reloading'', Fourth Edition (1991), pp. 593–595 History In the aftermath of the 1986 FBI Miami shootout, in which two FBI special agents were killed and five wounded, the FBI started the process of testing 9×19mm Parabellum and .45 ACP ammunition in preparation to replace its standard-issue revolver with a semi-automatic pistol. The semi-automatic pistol offered two advantages over the revolver: increased ammunition capacity and increased e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
380 ACP
The .380 ACP ( Automatic Colt Pistol), also known as .380 Auto, .380 Automatic, or 9×17mm, is a rimless, straight-walled pistol cartridge that was developed by firearms designer John Moses Browning. The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case.Wilson, R. K. ''Textbook of Automatic Pistols'', p. 241. Plantersville, SC: Small Arms Technical Publishing Company, 1943. It was introduced in 1908 by Colt, for use in its new Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless semi-automatic, and has been a popular self-defense cartridge ever since, seeing wide use in numerous handguns (typically smaller weapons). Other names for .380 ACP include 9mm Browning, 9mm Corto, 9mm Kurz, 9mm Short, and 9mm Browning Court (which is the C.I.P. designation). It should not be confused with .38 ACP. The .380 ACP does not strictly conform to cartridge naming conventions, named after the diameter of the bullet, as the actual bullet diameter of the .380 ACP is .355 inches. Design The .380 ACP cartridge w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of Justice
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a United States federal executive departments, federal executive department of the U.S. government that oversees the domestic enforcement of Law of the United States, federal laws and the administration of justice. It is equivalent to the Ministry of justice, justice or interior ministries of other countries. The department is headed by the U.S. attorney general, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's United States Cabinet, Cabinet. Pam Bondi has served as U.S. attorney general since February 4, 2025. The Justice Department contains most of the United States' Federal law enforcement in the United States, federal law enforcement agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes. In social sciences, including economics, the idea of ''standardization'' is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier. History Early examples Standard weights and measures were developed by the Indus Valley civilization.Iwata, Shigeo (2008), "Weights and Measures in the Indus Valley", ''Encyclopaedia of the History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Institute Of Justice
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development, and evaluation agency of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). NIJ, along with the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), and other program offices, comprise the DOJ's Office of Justice Programs (OJP). History The National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice was established on October 21, 1968, under the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as a component of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA). In 1978, it was renamed as the National Institute of Justice. Some functions of the LEAA were absorbed by NIJ on December 27, 1979, with passage of the Justice System Improvement Act of 1979. The act, which amended the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, also led to creation of the Bureau of Justice Statistics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OSV-96
The OSV-96 (Russian: ОСВ-96) is a Russian semi-automatic anti-materiel rifle chambered for 12.7×108mm. Design The rifle is capable of engaging infantry at a distance of up to 1800 meters and can combat materiel targets at ranges up to 2500 meters. The OSV-96 can keep the shooter outside of the effective range of conventional calibers providing a distinct advantage over lower caliber rifles. Specialized high-accuracy 12.7×108mm 7N34 59.0 gram FMJ and AP sniper cartridges have been developed for Russian .50-caliber sniper rifles such as this rifle. Large caliber machine gun cartridges can also be used for firing, but with limited accuracy. With 7N34 ammunition, its accuracy is claimed as 1.5 MOA at 100 meters or better, equal to the Barrett M107. The OSV-96 folds in half in between the barrel/chamber and receiver compartments to shorten its length for ease of transportation. The rifle features a free-floating barrel in combination with a large muzzle brake to greatly decr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
