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List Of Ukrainian Placenames Affected By Derussification
Since Ukraine declared independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991, many populated places and administrative divisions in the country have had their names changed as part of the derussification of toponyms (placenames) in Ukraine. These changes have involved the removal of placenames connected to people, places, events, and organizations associated with Russia and Russian imperialism as well as the restoration of historical placenames that had been changed earlier in Ukraine's history by the Russian or Soviet government with the intention of removing local heritage. Derussification has also included the respellings or rewordings of names to match standard spelling and word usages in the Ukrainian language. The official names of populated places and raions (districts) in the country are determined through legislation passed by the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's parliament, typically at the request of local authorities; urban districts are named by each city's municipal co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Declaration Of Independence Of Ukraine
The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR (''Verkhovna Rada'') on 24 August 1991.A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples by Paul Robert Magocsi, University of Toronto Press, 2010, (page 722/723) The Act reestablished Ukraine's state independence from the Soviet Union. The declaration was affirmed by a majority of Ukrainians in all regions of Ukraine by an 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, independence referendum on 1 December, followed by international recognition starting on the following day. Ukrainian independence led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union by 26 December 1991. ...
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History Of Ukraine
The history of Ukraine spans thousands of years, tracing its roots to the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe—one of the key centers of the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages, Indo-European migrations, and early domestication of the horse, horse domestication. In antiquity, the region was home to the Scythians, followed by the gradual expansion of List of early Slavic peoples#East Slavs, Slavic tribes. The northern Black Sea coast saw the influence of Greek Crimea, Greek and Roman Crimea, Roman colonies, leaving a lasting cultural legacy. Over time, these diverse influences contributed to the development of early political and cultural structures.(Link does not exist anymore) Ukraine enters into written history with the establishment of the medieval state of Kievan Rus'. In Dnieper Ukraine, the tribe of Polans (eastern), Polans played a key role in the formation of the state, adopting the name ''Names of Rus', Russia and Ruthenia, Rus''' by the 9th century. The term is believed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Language
'' '' A national language is a language (or language variant, e.g. dialect) that has some connection— de facto or de jure—with a nation. The term is applied quite differently in various contexts. One or more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country may be referred to informally or designated in legislation as national languages of the country. National languages are mentioned in over 150 world constitutions. C.M.B. Brann, with particular reference to India, suggests that there are "four quite distinctive meanings" for national language in a polity: *"Territorial language" (''chthonolect'', sometimes known as ''chtonolect'') of a particular people *"Regional language" (''choralect'') *"Language-in-common or community language" (''demolect'') used throughout a country *"Central language" (''politolect'') used by government and perhaps having a symbolic value. The last is usually given the title of official language. In some cases (e.g., the Philippin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Ukraine
The Constitution of Ukraine (, ) is the fundamental law of Ukraine. The constitution was adopted and ratified at the 5th session of the ''Verkhovna Rada'', the parliament of Ukraine, on 28 June 1996. The constitution was passed with 315 ayes out of 450 votes possible (300 ayes minimum).Ukraine celebrating 20th anniversary of Constitution UNIAN (28 June 2016) All other laws and other normative legal acts of Ukraine must conform to the constitution. The right to amend the constitution through a special legislative procedure is vested exclusively in the parliament. The only body that may interpret the constitution and determine whether legislation conforms to it is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-International Relations
E-International Relations (E-IR) is an open-access website covering international relations and international politics. It provides an academic perspective on global events. Its editor-in-chief is Stephen McGlinchey. The website has published since November 2007, and was incorporated as a nonprofit organisation in 2011. Content E-IR contains a mixture of open access books, articles, essays, and features, broadly aimed at students and scholars of international politics. Prominent contributors have included Ted Robert Gurr, Harsh V. Pant, Charles J. Dunlap, Jr., Rohan Gunaratna, David R. Marples, Anand Menon, Barry Rubin, I. William Zartman, Immanuel Wallerstein, Jolyon Howorth, John Redwood, Brian Barder, Andrew Linklater, Filip Ivanović, Roie Yellinek and Stephen Chan. The site also runs a student essay award, and has ventured into publishinfree textbooks for students. Reception E-IR is listed under sites of related interest by the London School of Econo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surzhyk
Surzhyk ( Ukrainian and Russian: , ) is a Ukrainian– Russian pidgin used in certain regions of Ukraine and the neighboring regions of Russia and Moldova. The vocabulary mix of each of its constituent languages (Ukrainian and Russian) varies greatly from locality to locality, or sometimes even from person to person, depending on the degree of education, personal experience, rural or urban residence, the geographical origin of the interlocutors, etc. The percentage of Russian words and phonetic influences tends to be greatest in the east and south and in the vicinity of big Russian-speaking cities. It is commonly spoken in most of eastern Ukraine's rural areas, with the exception of the large metropolitan areas of Donetsk, Kharkiv, and Luhansk, where the majority of the population uses standard Russian. In rural areas of western Ukraine, the language spoken contains fewer Russian elements than in central and eastern Ukraine but has nonetheless been influenced by Russian. Etym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Language In Ukraine
Russian language, Russian is the most common first language in the Donbas and Crimea regions of Ukraine and the city of Kharkiv, and the predominant language in large cities in the East Ukraine, eastern and South Ukraine, southern portions of the country. The usage and status of the language is the subject of political disputes. Ukrainian language, Ukrainian is the country's sole state language since the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine, 1996 Constitution, which prohibits an official bilingual system at state level but also guarantees the free development, use and protection of Russian and other languages of national minorities. In 2017 a new ''Law on Education'' was passed which restricted the use of Russian as a language of instruction. Nevertheless, Russian remains a widely used language in Ukraine in pop culture and in informal and commerce, business communication. History of the Russian language in Ukraine The East Slavic languages originated in the language spoken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukrainian Orthography Of 1933
The Ukrainian orthography of 1933 () is the Ukrainian orthography, adopted in 1933 in Kharkiv, the capital of the Ukrainian SSR. It began the process of artificial convergence of Ukrainian and Russian language traditions of orthography. Some norms that were rejected due to their absence in the Russian orthography were returned to the Ukrainian orthography of 2019. On the eve of the reform In the 1920s, Ukrainian linguistics flourished, and considerable work was done to standardize the Ukrainian literary language, scientific terminology, and dictionaries. The work of scientists was marked by the publication of the Ukrainian orthography in 1928, which for the first time became official and unified for the whole of Ukraine. The Academic Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary, ed. Ahatanhel Krymskyi. However, the codification of 1928–1929, which combined the Dnieper and Transdniestrian language norms in one orthographic code, proved unsatisfactory under those political circumstances and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukrainian Orthography
The Ukrainian orthography () is the orthography for the Ukrainian language, a system of generally accepted rules that determine the ways of transmitting speech in writing. Until the last quarter of the 14th century Old East Slavic orthography was widespread. The Cyrillic alphabet generally corresponded to the sound structure of the Old East Slavic language. For example, orthography consistently conveyed the softness and hardness of sounds — A (Cyrillic), а, O (Cyrillic), о, Yery, ы, оU (Cyrillic), у, Hard sign, ъ were written after hard consonants, and Yus, ѧ, Ukrainian Ye, є, I (Cyrillic), и, Yu (Cyrillic), ю, Soft sign, ь were written after soft consonants. The letters Zhe (Cyrillic), ж, Che (Cyrillic), ч, Sha (Cyrillic), ш, Tse (Cyrillic), ц conveyed soft consonants. From the 12th century the orthography changes: ъ and ь decline, there is a double spelling (''чьто'' and ''что''), and instead of these, the letters о, е (''хочьть'' and ''хоч� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. Under the Soviet One-party state, one-party model, the Ukrainian SSR was governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union through its Soviet democracy, republican branch, the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union), Communist Party of Ukraine. The first iterations of the Ukrainian SSR were established during the Russian Revolution, particularly after the October Revolution, Bolshevik Revolution. The outbreak of the Ukrainian–Soviet War in the former Russian Empire saw the Bolsheviks defeat the independent Ukrainian People's Republic, during the conflict against which they founded the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets, which was governed by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), in December 1917; it was later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronology Of Ukrainian Language Suppression
The chronology of Ukrainian language suppression presents a list of administrative actions aimed at limiting the influence and importance of the Ukrainian language in Ukraine. Language situation in Ukrainian lands before the 19th century Before the Russian rule, there were several writing languages in Ukraine. Religious texts were dominated by the Ukrainian variant of Church Slavonic (the so-called Meletian, after the reforms Meletius Smotrytsky). Following Polish annexation of the Galician part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, first Latin and then Polish were introduced as languages of administration as early as the 15th century. After Union of Lublin in 1569 remaining Bratslav, Chernihiv, Kyiv and Volhynian voivodeships were transferred Kingdom of Poland. As per terms of the Union of Lublin, Ruthenian referred to as ''Chancellery Slavonic'' was kept there as official language and remained as such until late 17th century. The significant degree of Polonization of the Uk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Language
Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russians. It was the ''de facto'' and ''de jure'' De facto#National languages, official language of the former Soviet Union.1977 Soviet Constitution, Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36 Russian has remained an official language of the Russia, Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and is still commonly used as a lingua franca in Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to a lesser extent in the Baltic states and Russian language in Israel, Israel. Russian has over 253 million total speakers worldwide. It is the List of languages by number of speakers in Europe, most spoken native language in Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
