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List Of Tajik Dynasties
The following is a list of Tajik dynasties. It includes states, principalities, empires and dynasties which were founded by rulers or dynasties of Tajik origin, pre-ethnogenesis Tajiks or ethnicities closely associated with Tajiks. Medieval era (710–1506) * Ghurid Dynasty (784 AD - 1215 AD), a Tajik dynasty which ruled the region of Ghor, becoming an Empire from 1175 to 1215. They gradually converted to Sunni Islam after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. The Ghurids eventually overran the Ghaznavids when Muhammad of Ghor seized Lahore and expelled the Ghaznavids from their last stronghold. Eventually they took large parts of India. Despite their short-lived empire, their reign certified Islamic rule for India for centuries to come. * Kart Dynasty (1244 AD - 1381 AD), a Tajik dynasty closely related to the Ghurids, ruled a large parts of Khorasan. They were vassals of the Ghurids, Mongols and Timurids at one point of their history. They rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tajiks
Tajiks (; ; also spelled ''Tadzhiks'' or ''Tadjiks'') is the name of various Persian-speaking Eastern Iranian groups of people native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Even though the term ''Tajik'' does not refer to a cohesive cross-national ethnic group,Nourzhanov, K., & Bleuer, C. (2013). Forging Tajik Identity: Ethnic Origins, National–Territorial Delimitation and Nationalism. In Tajikistan: A Political and Social History (pp. 27–50). ANU Press. Link/ref> Tajiks are the largest ethnicity in Tajikistan, and the second-largest in both Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. They speak variations of Persian, a west Iranian language. In Tajikistan, since the 1939 Soviet census, its small Pamiri and Yaghnobi ethnic groups are included as Tajiks. In China, the term is used to refer to its Pamiri ethnic groups, the Tajiks of Xinjiang, who speak the Eastern Iranian Pamiri languages. In Afghanistan, the Pamiris are considered a separate ethn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mirs Of Badakhshan
The Mir of Badakhshan was the ruler of Badakhshan, a region that occasionally was politically independent and at other times was subservient to Afghanistan. From 1657 until 1873, the rulers of Badakhshan belonged to the Yarid dynasty. They were ethnically Tajik but claimed descent from Alexander the Great. They were Muslims belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam. These rulers usually carried the titles of ''Shah'', ''Mir'', or ''Amir.''Christine NoelleState and tribe in nineteenth-century Afghanistan: the reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863) Richmond: Routledge, 1997. p.110 In 1873 the last Mir of Badakhshan became a pensioner of Kabul and all power shifted to the ''Hakim'' of Badakhshan.Christine NoelleState and tribe in nineteenth-century Afghanistan: the reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863) Richmond: Routledge, 1997. pp. 101, 320 List Below is a list of the Mirs of Badakhshan along with their dates of reign and brief biographical descriptions. * Mir Yar B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republics Of The Soviet Union
In the Soviet Union, a Union Republic () or unofficially a Republic of the USSR was a Federated state, constituent federated political entity with a List of forms of government, system of government called a Soviet republic (system of government), Soviet republic, which was officially defined in the 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union, 1977 constitution as "a sovereign state, sovereign Soviet socialist state which has united with the other Soviet republics to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" and whose sovereignty is limited by membership in the Union. As a result of its status as a sovereign state, the Union Republic de jure had the right to enter into relations with foreign states, conclude treaties with them and exchange diplomatic and consular representatives and participate in the activities of international organizations (including membership in international organizations). The Union Republics were perceived as National delimitation in the Soviet Union, nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, also commonly known as Soviet Tajikistan, the Tajik SSR, TaSSR, or simply Tajikistan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1929 to 1991 in Central Asia. The Tajik Republic was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union. It succeeded the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR), which had been created on 14 October 1924 as a part of the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR in the process of national delimitation in Soviet Central Asia. On 24 August 1990, the Tajik SSR declared sovereignty in its borders. The republic was renamed the Republic of Tajikistan on 31 August 1991 and declared its independence from the disintegrating Soviet Union on 9 September 1991; thus modern Tajikistan is its direct legal successor state. Geographically, at , it was bordered by Afghanistan to the south, China to the east, Pakistan to the south, separated by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Nadir Shah
Mohammad Nadir Shah (Pashto/Dari: محمد نادر شاه April 1883 – 8 November 1933) was King of Afghanistan from 15 October 1929 until his assassination in November 1933. He became the king after his victory in the Afghan Civil War of 1928–29. Previously, he served as Minister of War, Afghan Ambassador to France, and as a general in the Royal Afghan Army. He and his son Mohammad Zahir Shah, who succeeded him, are part of the Musahiban. Background Nadir Khan was born on 9 April 1883 in Dehradun, British India, in the Musahiban branch of the Royal dynasty of Afghanistan (of the Mohammadzai section of Barakzai Pashtuns). His father was Mohammad Yusuf Khan, and his mother was Sharaf Sultana Hukumat Begum (a Durrani). His paternal grandfather was Yahya Khan, and his great grandfather was Sultan Mohammad Khan Telayee, the brother of Dost Mohammad Khan. Nadir's ancestors were exiled to British India by Emir Abdur Rahman Khan after the Emir realized their aspiration for po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saqqawists
The Saqqawists ( ''Saqāwīhā'') were an armed group in Afghanistan who were active from 1924 to 1931. They were led by Habibullāh Kalakāni, and in January 1929, they managed to take control of Kabul, the capital of the Kingdom of Afghanistan, re-establishing the Emirate of Afghanistan. Following military reversals in the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929), they were forced out of the capital in October 1929. Saqqawist activity ended in 1931. Name The name derives from Kalakani's nickname, ''Bacha-e Saqaw'' (; literally ''son of the water carrier''). Due to the existence of multiple Persian romanization schemes, authors have rendered the name of this group in multiple ways, with alternative renderings including "Saqaoists" and "Saqawi". The period in which Kalakani ruled Kabul, 17 January to 13 October 1929, is known as the "Saqqawist period". History Habibullāh Kalakāni began resistance against the government of Amanullah Khan in 1924, after he deserted from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)
The Afghan Civil War of 1928–1929 was fought from 14 November 1928 to 13 October 1929. Rebelling, and subsequently governing Saqqawists, Saqqawist (''Saqāwīhā'') forces under Habibullāh Kalakāni fought against various opposing tribes and rival monarchs in the Kingdom of Afghanistan, among whom Mohammed Nadir Shah, Mohammed Nādir Khān eventually achieved a preponderant role. Despite early successes, such as the capture of Kabul and defeat of Amanullah Khan on 17 January 1929 or the capture of Kandahar on 3 June, the Saqqawists were eventually deposed by anti-Saqqawist forces led by Nadir on 13 October 1929, leading to Nadir's ascension as King of Afghanistan. He ruled until his assassination on 3 November 1933. The war began when the Shinwari tribe revolted in Jalalabad and drew up a manifesto of 10 grievances, 5 of which related to Amanullah's meddling with the status of women. Although this revolt was quelled by a force led by Ali Ahmad Khan, a concurrent Saqqawist upris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habibullāh Kalakāni
Habibullah Kalakani (, 19 January 1891 – 1 November 1929), derogatively called "Bacha-ye Saqao" (also romanized Bachai Sakao; literally ''son of the water carrier''), was the ruler of Afghanistan from 17 January to 13 October 1929, as well as a leader of the Saqqawists. During the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929), he captured vast swathes of Afghanistan and ruled Kabul during what is known in Afghan historiography as the "Saqqawist period". He was an ethnic Tajik. No country recognized Kalakani as ruler of Afghanistan. During the 1928–1929 Afghan Civil War he contested the Afghan throne with Amanullah Khan. After defeating Amanullah, he was eventually defeated by Mohammad Nadir Shah. Khalilullah Khalili, a noted historian and Kohistani poet laureate, depicted King Habibullah Kalakani as the "best manager of governmental imports and exports". Early years Habibullah Kalakani was born in either 1891 or 1870 in the village of Kalakan, north of Kabul. He was an ethnic Tajik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emirate Of Afghanistan (1929)
The Emirate of Afghanistan was an unrecognized state in Central Asia ruled by the Saqqawists that existed from January to October 1929. Habibullāh Kalakāni became the state's only emir on 18 January 1929. After the fall of Kalakāni on 13 October 1929, the Emirate ended. Their rule is known in the history of Afghanistan as the Saqqawist period. History The emirate emerged during the Afghan Civil War of 1928–1929, a conflict between Saqqawist forces led by Habibullāh Kalakāni and opposing tribes and monarchs within Afghanistan. After early Saqqawist victories, the capture of Kabul in January 1929 marked the establishment of the Saqqawist emirate. Kalakāni's rule, known as the Saqqawist period, was marked by social unrest and military engagements. Eventually, Nadir Khan captured Kabul on 13 October 1929 and disestablished the emirate. The war's aftermath saw Nadir Khan ascend to the throne as Mohammad Nadir Shah and the re-establishment of the Kingdom of Afghanis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emirate Of Bukhara
The Emirate of Bukhara (, ) was a Muslims, Muslim-Uzbeks, Uzbek polity in Central Asia that existed from 1785 to 1920 in what is now Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. It occupied the land between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, known formerly as Transoxiana. Its core territory was the fertile land along the lower Zarafshon (river), Zarafshon river, and its urban centres were the ancient cities of Samarqand and the emirate's capital, Bukhara. It was contemporaneous with the Khanate of Khiva to the west, in Khwarazm, and the Khanate of Kokand to the east, in Fergana Valley, Fergana. In 1920, it ceased to exist with the establishment of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic. History The Emirate of Bukhara was officially created in 1785, upon the assumption of rulership by the Manghit emir, Shah Murad. Shahmurad, formalized the family's dynastic rule (Manghit, Manghit dynasty), and the khanate became the Emirate of Bukhara. As one of the few states in Central A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qal'ai Khumb
Qal'ai Khumb (, , ''Qal‘a‘i Xumb/Qal'haji Xumв'' — meaning ''fortress on the banks of the river of Khumb'') or ''Qal'a-i-Khum'', also ''Kalai-Khumb'' (transliterated from ), is a border town located in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan, next to the border with Afghanistan. In the past it was the center of the independent Principality of Darvaz. It is now the capital of the Darvoz District of Tajikistan. The Pamir Highway meets here the Panj River. The town is an important overnight rest stop between Kulob and Khorugh, located at a distance of from Kulob (or from Dushanbe) and from Khorugh. It has several hotels to accommodate travelers on their way between cities. The town is almost entirely surrounded by the Pamir Mountains The Pamir Mountains are a Mountain range, range of mountains between Central Asia and South Asia. They are located at a junction with other notable mountains, namely the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun Mountains, Kunlun, Hind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
