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List Of New Testament Uncials
A New Testament uncial is a section of the New Testament in Greek or Latin majuscule letters, written on parchment or vellum. This style of writing is called ''Biblical Uncial'' or ''Biblical Majuscule''. New Testament uncials are distinct from other ancient texts based on the following differences: * New Testament papyri – written on papyrus and generally more ancient * New Testament minuscules – written in minuscule letters and generally more recent * New Testament lectionaries – usually written in minuscule (but some in uncial) letters and generally more recent * New Testament uncials – written in majuscule letters, on parchment or vellum. Classification of uncials In 1751, New Testament theologian Johann Jakob Wettstein knew of only 23 uncial codices of the New Testament. By 1859, Constantin von Tischendorf had increased that number to 64 uncials, and in 1909 Caspar René Gregory enumerated 161 uncial codices. By 1963, Kurt Aland, in hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Sinaiticus-small
The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format of a stack of pages bound at one edge, along the side of the text. But the term ''codex'' is now reserved for older manuscript books, which mostly used sheets of vellum, parchment, or papyrus, rather than paper. By convention, the term is also used for any Aztec codex (although the earlier examples do not actually use the codex format), Maya codices and other pre-Columbian manuscripts. Library practices have led to many European manuscripts having "codex" as part of their usual name, as with the Codex Gigas, while most do not. Modern books are divided into paperback (or softback) and those bound with stiff boards, called hardbacks. Elaborate historical bindings are called treasure bindings. At least in the Western world, the main alternative to the paged codex format for a long document was the continuous scroll, which was the domi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and Biblical studies, biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the ''Institute for New Testament Textual Research, Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung'' (Institute for New Testament Textual Research) in Münster and served as its first director from 1959 to 1983. He was one of the principal editors of ''Novum Testamentum Graece#Editions, Nestle–Aland – Novum Testamentum Graece'' for the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft and ''Novum Testamentum Graece#Editions, The Greek New Testament'' for the United Bible Societies. Life Aland was born in Berlin-Steglitz. He started studying theology in 1933 at the Humboldt University of Berlin, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin (he also studied philology, archaeology, and history). On 23 March that year, he was examined before the ''Bruderrat'' (council of brothers) in the ''Bekennende Kirche'' (Confessing Church). Durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft
The Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft ("German Bible Society") is a religious foundation regulated by public law. It is involved in publishing and in spreading the message of the Bible. The Society publishes the Bible in the original languages and in translation, as well as the texts of the Apocrypha and scholarly works in biblical studies. History In 1965, independent regional Bible Societies came together as the Protestant Bible Organisation. The German Bible Society was formed in 1981 when this organization joined with the German Bible Foundation, made up of the Bible Societies of the Protestant Churches of the German states. The Society is based in the Möhringen district of Stuttgart. Its origins can be traced back to, among other things, the Canstein Bible Institution, founded in 1710. ; Published books The German Bible Society's publishing operations cover more than 700 books and other products, of which 300 are Bible editions. It distributes more than 400,000 Bibles annuall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novum Testamentum Graece
(''The New Testament in Greek'') is a critical edition of the New Testament in its original Koine Greek published by ''Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft'' (German Bible Society), forming the basis of most modern Bible translations and biblical criticism. It is also known as the Nestle–Aland edition after its most influential editors, Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland. The text, edited by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, is currently in its 28th edition, abbreviated NA28. The title is sometimes applied to the United Bible Societies (UBS) edition, which contains the same text (its fifth edition referred to as ''UBS5'', contains the text from NA28). The UBS edition is aimed at translators and so focuses on variants that are important for the meaning whereas the NA includes more variants. Methodology The Greek text as presented is what biblical scholars refer to as the " critical text". The critical text is an eclectic text compiled by a committee that compares rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erwin Nestle
Erwin Nestle (22 May 1883 in Münsingen, Germany – 21 November 1972 in Ulm, Germany), son of Eberhard Nestle, was a German scholar who continued editing his father's "Nestle Edition" of the New Testament The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ... in Greek, adding a full critical apparatus in the thirteenth edition. References 1883 births 1972 deaths People from Münsingen, Germany {{Authority control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eberhard Nestle
Eberhard Nestle (1 May 1851, Stuttgart – 9 March 1913, Stuttgart) was a German biblical scholar, textual critic, orientalist, editor of the '' Novum Testamentum Graece'', and the father of Erwin Nestle. Life Nestle was a son of the upper tribunal procurator (''Obertribunalprokurator'') Christian Gottlieb Nestle and his wife Sophie Beate Kleinmann. His half-brother from his father's second marriage was classical philologist Wilhelm Nestle. Nestle studied at the University of Tübingen – the Tübinger Stift – from 1869 to 1874. His studies culminated in his doctoral thesis on the Hebrew and Greek text forms of the Book of Ezekiel. Afterwards he worked in the area of orientalism and wrote, among other things, a Syriac grammar. During his later years, his focus changed to textual criticism of the New Testament. Between 1898 and 1912 he worked as professor at the Evangelical Seminaries of Maulbronn and Blaubeuren. In 1880, he married Klara Kommerell (1852–87) in Tübi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute For New Testament Textual Research
The Institute for New Testament Textual Research ( — INTF) at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is to research the textual history of the New Testament and to reconstruct its Greek initial text on the basis of the entire manuscript tradition, the early translations and patristic citations; furthermore the preparation of an '' Editio Critica Maior'' based on the entire tradition of the New Testament in Greek manuscripts, early versions and New Testament quotations in ancient Christian literature. Under Kurt Aland's supervision, the INTF collected almost the entire material that was needed. The manuscript count in 1950 was 4250, in 1983, 5460, and in 2017 approximately 5800 manuscripts. Moreover, INTF produces several more editions and a variety of tools for New Testament scholarship, including the concise editions known as the "Nestle–Aland" – ''Novum Testamentum Graece'' and the UBS Greek New Testament. Many of the results are also available to the wider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Von Dobschütz
Ernst Adolf Alfred Oskar Adalbert von Dobschütz (9 October 1870 – 20 May 1934) was a German theologian, textual critic, author of numerous books and professor at the University of Halle, the University of Breslau, and the University of Strasbourg. He also lectured in the United States and Sweden. He was born and died in Halle. Life Dobschütz was born into an old noble family of Silesia. He was a son of the Prussian colonel Adalbert von Dobschütz de Basse-Silesia and of his second wife Anna, Baroness von Seckendorff. His older half-brother (from his father's first marriage) was Prussian general of division Carl von Seckendorff. On 29 December 1919, in Halle (Saale), Dobschütz married Karin von Kronhelm (24 March 1893 in Breslau, † 7 May 1986 in Halle), daughter of the Prussian general of division Curt von Kronhelm and Clara Schwarz. Their marriage remained childless. In 1888 he began his theological studies at the University of Leipzig under professors Franz Delitzs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Macedoniensis
Codex Macedoniensis or Macedonianus is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels written on parchment. It is designated by Y or 034 in the Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland, Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 073 in the Biblical manuscript#Von Soden, von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 9th century. The manuscript has several Lacuna (manuscripts), gaps. Historian William Charles Braithwaite, William C. Braithwaite described the manuscript as "very carefully written." Description The manuscript is a codex (the precursor to the modern book), containing an almost complete text of the four Gospels on 309 parchment leaves (sized ). The text is written in one column per page, and 16-21 lines per column. There are six Lacuna (manuscripts), gaps (known as ''lacunae''): Gospel of Matthew, Matthew 1:1-9:11; 10:35-11:4; Gospel of Luke, Luke 1:26-36; 15:25-16:5; 23: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 075
Uncial 075 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), Οπ3 ( Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 10th century. Formerly it was designated by ג. It was also classified as minuscule codex 382p. Description The codex contains the Pauline epistles, on 333 parchment leaves, with lacunae (Romans; 1 Corinthians 1:1-15:28; Hebrews 11:38-13:25). The text is written in one column per page, 31 lines per page,K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, ''Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments'', Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1994, p. 210. in semi-uncial letters. The biblical text is surrounded by a commentary ( catena). Size 27 cm by 19 cm. The leaves 61-65, 366-369 were supplied by a later hand (in minuscule) in the 13th century. The Greek text of this codex is mostly Byzantine with some Alexandrian readings. Aland placed it in Category III. History Currently it is dated by the INTF t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Vaticanus 2061
Codex Vaticanus Graecus 2061, usually known as Uncial 048 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α1 ( Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript on parchment. It contains some parts of the New Testament, homilies of several authors, and Strabo's ''Geographica''. Formerly it was known also as the ''Codex Basilianus 100'', earlier as ''Codex Patriniensis 27''. It was designated by ב a, p. The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition. It is a double palimpsest containing parts of seven different literary works. They are written in several types of uncial script. The oldest text is from the 5th century, the youngest from the 10th century. Palimpsest The manuscript in some parts is a double palimpsest, with the biblical text having been overwritten twice, resulting in it being very difficult to read. The upper and youngest text contains ''Homilies'' of Gregory of Nazianzus from the 10th century, on 316 parchment leaves. The size of the single leaves is 23.5 by 22 cm. Leave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siglum
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts). History Abbreviated writing, using sigla, arose partly from the limitations of the workable nature of the materials (stone, metal, parchment, etc.) employed in record-making and partly from their availability. Thus, lapidaries, engravers, and copyists made the most of the available writing space. Scribal abbreviations were infrequent when writing materials were plentiful, but by the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, writing materials were scarce and costly. During the Roman Republic, several abbreviations, known as sigla (plural of ''siglum'' 'symbol or abbreviation'), were in common use in inscriptions, and they inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
