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List Of MeSH Codes (D03)
The following is a partial list of the "D" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (D02). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (D04). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes. The source for this content is the set o2006 MeSH Treesfrom the NLM. – heterocyclic compounds – acids, heterocyclic – cinoxacin – indoleacetic acids * – etodolac * – hydroxyindoleacetic acid – isonicotinic acids * – ethionamide * – iproniazid * – isoniazid * – nialamide * – prothionamide * – pyridoxic acid – isonipecotic acids * – diphenoxylate * – meperidine * – promedol * – phenoperidine * – pirinitramide – nicotinic acids * – arecoline * – clonixin * – etazolate * – niacin * – niacinamide * – 6-aminonicotinamide * – nicorandil * – nikethamide * – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medical Subject Headings
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. It serves as a thesaurus that facilitates searching. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/ PubMed article database and by NLM's catalog of book holdings. MeSH is also used by ClinicalTrials.gov registry to classify which diseases are studied by trials registered in ClinicalTrials. MeSH was introduced in the 1960s, with the NLM's own index catalogue and the subject headings of the Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus (1940 edition) as precursors. The yearly printed version of MeSH was discontinued in 2007; MeSH is now available only online. It can be browsed and downloaded free of charge through PubMed. Originally in English, MeSH has been translated into numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different origins. Structure MeSH vocabulary is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niacinamide
Niacinamide or Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. As a supplement, it is used by mouth to prevent and treat pellagra (niacin deficiency). While nicotinic acid (niacin) may be used for this purpose, niacinamide has the benefit of not causing skin flushing. As a cream, it is used to treat acne. It is a water-soluble vitamin. Niacinamide is the supplement name while Nicotinamide (NAM) is the scientific name. Side effects are minimal. At high doses liver problems may occur. Normal amounts are safe for use during pregnancy. Niacinamide is in the vitamin B family of medications, specifically the vitamin B3 complex. It is an amide of nicotinic acid. Foods that contain niacinamide include yeast, meat, milk, and green vegetables. Niacinamide was discovered between 1935 and 1937. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Niacinamide is available as a generic medication and over th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niacin (substance)
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient. It can be manufactured by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan. Niacin is obtained in the diet from a variety of whole and processed foods, with highest contents in fortified packaged foods, meat, poultry, red fish such as tuna and salmon, lesser amounts in nuts, legumes and seeds. Niacin as a dietary supplement is used to treat pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency. Signs and symptoms of pellagra include skin and mouth lesions, anemia, headaches, and tiredness. Many countries mandate its addition to wheat flour or other food grains, thereby reducing the risk of pellagra. The amide derivative nicotinamide (niacinamide) is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Although niacin and nicotinamide are identical in their vitamin activity, nicotinam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etazolate
Etazolate (SQ-20,009, EHT-0202) is an anxiolytic drug which is a pyrazolopyridine derivative and has unique pharmacological properties. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor at the barbiturate binding site, as an adenosine antagonist of the A1 and A2 subtypes, and as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE4 isoform. It is currently in clinical trial Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, diet ...s for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Synthesis See also * Cartazolate * ICI-190,622 * Tracazolate References {{Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Anxiolytics Pyrazolopyridines Hydrazones PDE4 inhibitors Ethyl esters GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Adenosine receptor antagonists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clonixin
Clonixin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It also has analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. It is used primarily in the treatment of chronic arthritic conditions and certain soft tissue disorders associated with pain and inflammation. Synthesis Clonixeril The glyceryl ester of clonixin, clonixeril, is also an NSAID. It was prepared by a somewhat roundabout method. Clonixin was reacted with chloroacetonitrile and triethylamine to give 2. Heating with potassium carbonate and glycerol actonide displaced the activating group to produce ester 3, which was deblocked in acetic acid to produce clonixeril (4). See also *Flunixin Flunixin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), analgesic, and antipyretic used in horses, cattle and pigs. It is often formulated as the meglumine salt. In the United States, it is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ... * Clonixeril References Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arecoline
Arecoline () is a nicotinic acid-based mild parasympathomimetic stimulant alkaloid found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm ('' Areca catechu''). It is an odourless oily liquid. It can bring a sense of enhanced alertness and energy, euphoria and relaxation. Its psychoactive effects are comparable to that of nicotine. Chemistry Arecoline is a base, and its conjugate acid has a pKa ~ 6.8. Arecoline is volatile in steam, miscible with most organic solvents and water, but extractable from water by ether in presence of dissolved salts. Being basic, arecoline forms salts with acids. The salts are crystalline, but usually deliquescent: the hydrochloride, arecoline•HCl, forms needles, m.p. 158 °C; the hydrobromide, arecoline•HBr, forms slender prisms, mp. 177–179 °C from hot alcohol; the aurichloride, arecoline•HAuCl4, is an oil, but the platinichloride, arecoline2•H2PtCl6, mp. 176 °C, crystallizes from water in orange-red rhombohedrons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotinic Acids
A pyridinecarboxylic acid is any member of a group of organic compounds which are monocarboxylic derivatives of pyridine. Pyridinecarboxylic acid comes in three isomers: * Picolinic acid (2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) *Nicotinic acid (3-pyridinecarboxylic acid), also known as Niacin *Isonicotinic acid Isonicotinic acid or pyridine-4-carboxylic acid is an organic compound with the formula C5H4N(CO2H). It is a derivative of pyridine with a carboxylic acid substituent at the 4-position. It is an isomer of picolinic acid and Niacin (substance), nic ... (4-pyridinecarboxylic acid) All isomers share the molecular weight 123,11 g/mol and the chemical formula C6H5NO2. {{chemistry index Pyridines Aromatic acids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenoperidine
Phenoperidine(Operidine or Lealgin), is an opioid analgesic which is structurally related to pethidine and is used clinically as a general anesthetic. Medical use Phenoperidine is an opioid pain killer -- narcotic analgesic. Pharmacology It is a derivative of isonipecotic acid, like pethidine, and is metabolized in part to norpethidine. Its potency range is due to method of ingestion. figure 20-80 times as potent as pethidine as an analgesic. The greatly increased potency essentially eliminates the toxic effects of norpethidine accumulation which are seen when pethidine is administered in high doses or for long periods of time. History and Synthesis Phenoperidine was first synthesized in 1957 by Paul Janssen, of the company now known as Janssen Pharmaceutica, who was seeking better opioid pain-killers. His two prototype drugs were methadone and pethidine, each which had been invented in 1930s by Otto Eisleb, who worked for IG Farben. His initial work starting with methadone y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promedol
Trimeperidine (Promedol) is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of prodine. It was developed in the early 1950s in the USSR during research into the related drug pethidine. Trimeperidine has four structural isomers, of which two are active, the γ isomer trimeperidine, and the β isomer isopromedol. It is around half the potency of morphine as an analgesic, and has been widely used for the treatment of pain. Trimeperidine produces similar effects to other opioids, such as analgesia and sedation, along with side effects such as nausea, itching, vomiting and respiratory depression which may be harmful or fatal. Trimeperidine is in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act 1970 of the United States as a Narcotic with ACSCN 9646 with an annual aggregate manufacturing quota of 2 grams as of 2014. The free base conversion ratio for salts includes 0.883 for the hydrochloride. Promedol increases the activity of the reticular activating system The reticular formation is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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