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List Of French Scientists
This is a list of notable French people, French scientists. A * José Achache (20th-21st centuries), geophysicist and ecologist * Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783), mathematician, mechanician, physicist and philosopher * Claude Allègre (1937–2025), geochemist * Lucile Allorge (born 1937), botanist * André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), physicist and mathematician * Camille Arambourg (1885–1969), vertebrate palaeontologist. * Françoise Ardré (1931–2010), phycology, phycologist, marine scientist * Alain Aspect (born 1947), physicist B * Louis Bachelier (1870–1946), mathematician * Antoine Jérôme Balard (1802–1876), chemist * Éliane Basse (1899–1985), paleontologist and geologist * Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (1786–1838), mathematician and engineer * Jean de Beaurain (1696–1771), geographer * Antoine César Becquerel (1788–1878), electrochemist * Edmond Becquerel (1820–1891), physicist * Henri Becquerel (1852–1908), physicist and Nobel laureate * Jean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French People
French people () are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common Culture of France, French culture, History of France, history, and French language, language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the native speakers of langues d'oïl from northern and central France, are primarily descended from Roman people, Romans (or Gallo-Romans, western European Celts, Celtic and Italic peoples), Gauls (including the Belgae), as well as Germanic peoples such as the Franks, the Visigoths, the Suebi and the Burgundians who settled in Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as various later waves of lower-level irregular migration that have continued to the present day. The Norsemen also settled in Normandy in the 10th century and contributed significantly to the ancestry of the Normans. Furthermore, regional ethnic minorities also exist within France that have distinct lineages, languages and cultures such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmond Becquerel
Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel (; 24 March 1820 – 11 May 1891) was a French physicist who studied the solar spectrum, magnetism, electricity, and optics. In 1839, he discovered the photovoltaic effect, the operating principle of the solar cell, which he invented in the same year. He is also known for his work in luminescence and phosphorescence. He was the son of Antoine César Becquerel and the father of Henri Becquerel, the discoverer of radioactivity. Biography Born in Paris, Becquerel was the pupil-turned-successor of his father at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. He was also appointed professor at the short-lived Agronomic Institute in Versailles in 1849, and in 1853, received the Chair of Physics at the Conservatoire des arts et métiers. He was associated with his father in much of his work. The first photovoltaic device In 1839, at age 19, while experimenting in his father's laboratory, Becquerel created the world's first photovoltaic cell. In this exper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Bosler
Jean Bosler (24 March 1878 in Angers – 25 September 1973 in Marseille) was a French astronomer and author of several books. Recruited by Deslandres as an astronomer at l’observatoire de Paris, Bosler discovered in 1908 in the spectrum of Comet Morehouse the spectral lines of ionized nitrogen, which was the first evidence of that element in comets. Much of his research was on the physical properties and orbits of comets. He made a report on progress in astrophysics in the United States for the 1910 annual report of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1912, he showed in his doctoral dissertation (supervised by Henri Poincaré) that the Sun’s magnetic field, by means of the intermediary of the solar wind, explains many aspects of cometary tails, the aurora borealis and aurora australis, solar storms and telluric currents. During a solar eclipse in 1914, Bosler observed in the corona a spectral band “nouvelle, intense et unique” which he suggested was spectral evidence for co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Boiteau
Pierre Louis Boiteau was a French botanist, born on 3 December 1911 in Cognac and dying on 1 September 1980 in Orsay, Essonne. One of his daughters, Lucile Boiteau-Allorge, is also a botanist. Life After studying at the School of Horticulture in Versailles, Pierre Boiteau left for Madagascar in 1932 to do his military service there, which ended at the end of 1933. He spent much of his life in Madagascar, but returned to France in the last years of his career. He died of cancer in 1980. Career in Madagascar In 1934 he started a herbarium. He was initially in charge of the green spaces of Antsirabe and created the Parc de l'Est there. From September 1935, he had a position at the botanical and zoological park of Tsimbazaza in Antananarivo. During this time, he learned the Malagasy language and obtained the higher certificate in it in 1937. In 1936 Dr. Ch. Grimes asked him to accompany him to the leprosarium of Manankavely, on the road to Tamatave, where speaking Malagasy would a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosper-René Blondlot
Prosper-René Blondlot (; 3 July 1849 – 24 November 1930) was a French physicist, who in 1891 made the first measurement of the speed of radio waves, but is now mostly remembered for his "discovery" of N rays, a phenomenon that subsequently proved to be illusory. Early life and work Blondlot was born in Nancy, France, and spent most of his early years there, teaching physics at the University of Nancy, being awarded three prestigious prizes of the Académie des Sciences for his experimental work on the consequences of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. In order to demonstrate that a Kerr cell responds to an applied electric field in a few tens of microseconds, Blondlot, in collaboration with Ernest-Adolphe Bichat, adapted the rotating-mirror method that Léon Foucault had applied to measure the speed of light. He further developed the rotating mirror to measure the speed of electricity in a conductor, photographing the sparks emitted from two conductors, one 1.8 km lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet (; ; 8 July 1857 – 18 October 1911), born Alfredo Binetti, was a French psychologist who together with Théodore Simon invented the first practical intelligence test, the Binet–Simon test. In 1904, Binet took part in a commission set up by the French Ministry of Education to decide whether school children with learning difficulties should be sent to a special boarding school attached to a lunatic asylum, as advocated by the French psychiatrist and politician Désiré-Magloire Bourneville, or whether they should be educated in classes attached to regular schools as advocated by the Société libre pour l'étude psychologique de l'enfant (SLEPE) of which Binet was a member. There was also debate over who should decide whether a child was capable enough for regular education. Bourneville argued that a psychiatrist should do this based on a medical examination. Binet and Simon wanted this to be based on objective evidence. This was the beginning of the IQ test. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Institute Of Sciences And Arts
The Commission des Sciences et des Arts (''Commission of the Sciences and Arts'') was a French scientific and artistic institute. Established on 16 March 1798, it consisted of 167 members, of which all but 16 joined Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in Egypt and produced the (published in 37 Books from 1809 to around 1829). More than half were engineers and technicians, including 21 mathematicians, 3 astronomers, 17 civil engineers, 13 naturalists and mining engineers, geographers, 3 gunpowder engineers, 4 architects, 8 artists, 10 mechanical artists, 1 sculptor, 15 interpreters, 10 men of letters, 22 printers in Latin, Greek and Arabic characters. Bonaparte organised his scientific 'corps' like an army, dividing its members into 5 categories and assigning to each member a military rank and a defined military role (supply, billeting) beyond his scientific function. Members Some members, like Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Monge, or Vivant Denon, are universally remembered but most have b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julien Bessières
Henri Géraud Julien, Chevalier Bessières et de l'Empire (30 July 1777, Gramat, Lot – 30 July 1840, Paris) was a French scientist and diplomat. He was a cousin of marshal Jean-Baptiste Bessières and Bertrand Bessières. Life He was a member of the Commission des Sciences et des Arts during Napoleon's invasion of Egypt but fell ill and had to return to France on board the Livornese tartane ''Madona di Montenego'', setting sail on 26 October 1798. Among his travelling companions on the voyage back were his fellow Commission members François Pouqueville and P. S. Girard, as well as the engineers officer Jean Étienne Casimir Poitevin de Maureilhan and the artillery officer Joseph Claude Marie Charbonnel. The ship was attacked and captured by the Albanian pirate Ourochs, who took its passengers prisoner and sold them separately to various Ottoman officials. Bessières Poitevin and Charbonnel were sold to Ali Pasha and in 1800 the three men were imprisoned in the Fort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Louis Berthollet
Claude Louis Berthollet (, 9 December 1748 – 6 November 1822) was a Savoyard-French chemist who became vice president of the French Senate in 1804. He is known for his scientific contributions to the theory of chemical equilibria via the mechanism of reverse chemical reactions, and for his contribution to modern chemical nomenclature. On a practical basis, Berthollet was the first to demonstrate the bleaching action of chlorine gas, and was first to develop a solution of sodium hypochlorite as a modern bleaching agent. Biography Claude Louis Berthollet was born in Talloires, near Annecy, then part of the Duchy of Savoy, in 1749. He started his studies at Chambéry and then in Turin where he graduated in medicine. Berthollet's great new developments in works regarding chemistry made him, in a short period of time, an active participant of the Academy of Science in 1780. Berthollet, along with Antoine Lavoisier and others, devised a chemical nomenclature, or a system of na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcellin Berthelot
Pierre Eugène Marcellin Berthelot (; 25 October 1827 – 18 March 1907) was a French chemist and Republican politician noted for the ThomsenBerthelot principle of thermochemistry. He synthesized many organic compounds from inorganic substances, providing a large amount of counter-evidence to the theory of Jöns Jakob Berzelius that organic compounds required organisms in their synthesis. Berthelot was convinced that chemical synthesis would revolutionize the food industry by the year 2000, and that synthesized foods would replace farms and pastures. "Why not", he asked, "if it proved cheaper and better to make the same materials than to grow them?" He was considered "one of the most famous chemists in the world." Upon being appointed to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs for the French government in 1895, he was considered "the most eminent living chemist" in France. In 1901, he was elected as one of the "Forty Immortals" of the Académie française. He gave all his disc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Bernard
Claude Bernard (; 12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist. I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science". He originated the term ''milieu intérieur'' and the associated concept of homeostasis (the latter term being coined by Walter Cannon). Life Bernard was born in 12 July 1813 in the village of Saint-Julien, near Villefranche-sur-Saône. He received his early education in the Jesuit school of that town, then attended college at Lyon, which he soon left to become assistant in a druggist's shop. He is sometimes described as an agnostic, and even humorously referred to by his colleagues as a "great priest of atheism". Despite this, after his death Cardinal Ferdinand Donnet claimed Bernard was a fervent Catholic, with a biographical entry in the ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. His leisure hours were devoted to the composition of a vaudeville comedy, and the success it achieved moved him to attempt a prose dra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Benoit (biologist)
Jacques Marie Benoit (February 26, 1896 - December 1, 1982) was a French physician, biologist and neuroendocrinologist. He was a professor at the Collège de France and is considered one of the pioneers of neuroendocrinology and photobiology. Biography Jacques Benoit was born on February 26, 1896, in Nancy. He was the grandson of Charles Benoit (1815–1898), Dean of the Faculty of Literature in Nancy.Ivan Assenmacher: ''Notice nécrologique sur Jacques Benoit.'' In: ''Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences'' Bd. 296, Juni 1983, S. 135-142Online. Robert Courrier was a fellow student while studying medicine. In 1925 he became a doctor of medicine He received his doctorate in science in 1929. He died on December 1, 1982, in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Research His research led him to the discovery of fundamental physiological mechanisms in reproductive biology, photobiology and neuroendocrinology: Publications (selection) les cellules interstitielles du testicule du coq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
