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Lindeman-Sobel Approach To Artistic Wind Performance
The Lindeman-Sobel Approach to Artistic Wind Performance is a comprehensive method in music that aims to harmonize various elements of wind instrument playing. This includes the coordination of fingers, air stream (or bow usage for string instruments), rhythm, and the physical attributes of the instrument, such as the length of the tube or string being played. This approach was initially developed by Henry Lindeman (July 28, 1902 – March 7, 1961). He was an American woodwind musician known for his association with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra. It was later refined and expanded by Phil Sobel (May 13, 1917 – September 14, 2008), a prominent first chair woodwind player in the NBC staff orchestra and the leader of the West Coast Saxophone Quartet. Sobel, who studied under Lindeman from 1935 to 1946, played a significant role in advancing and popularizing this method. __TOC__ Summary According to the Lindeman-Sobel Approach music is sound in motion and that sound is created when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harmonization
In music, harmonization is the chordal accompaniment to a line or melody: "Using chords and melodies together, making harmony by stacking scale tones as triads". A harmonized scale can be created by using each note of a musical scale as a root note for a chord and then by taking other tones within the scale building the rest of a chord. For example, using an Ionian (major scale) * the root note would become the I major chord, * the second note the ii minor chord, * the third note the iii minor chord, * the fourth note the IV major chord, * the fifth note the V major chord (or even a dominant 7th), * the sixth note the vi minor chord, * the seventh note the vii diminished chord and * the octave would be a I major chord. Using the minor (aeolian mode) one would have: * i minor, * ii diminished, * ()III major, * iv minor, * v minor, * ()VI major, * ()VII major and * the i minor an octave higher. Reharmonization Reharmonization is the technique of taking an existing me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Mass
In meteorology, an air mass is a volume of air defined by its temperature and humidity. Air masses cover many hundreds or thousands of square miles, and adapt to the characteristics of the surface below them. They are classified according to latitude and their continental or maritime source regions. Colder air masses are termed polar or arctic, while warmer air masses are deemed tropical. Continental and superior air masses are dry, while maritime and monsoon air masses are moist. Weather fronts separate air masses with different density (temperature or moisture) characteristics. Once an air mass moves away from its source region, underlying vegetation and water bodies can quickly modify its character. Classification schemes tackle an air mass' characteristics, as well as modification. Classification and notation The Bergeron classification is the most widely accepted form of air mass classification, though others have produced more refined versions of this scheme over diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Whiteman
Paul Samuel Whiteman (March 28, 1890 – December 29, 1967) was an American bandleader, composer, orchestral director, and violinist. As the leader of one of the most popular dance bands in the United States during the 1920s and early 1930s, Whiteman produced recordings that were immensely successful, and press notices often referred to him as the "King of Jazz". His most popular recordings include " Whispering", "Valencia", " Three O'Clock in the Morning", " In a Little Spanish Town", and " Parade of the Wooden Soldiers". Whiteman led a usually large ensemble and explored many styles of music, such as blending symphonic music and jazz, as in his debut of '' Rhapsody in Blue'' by George Gershwin. Whiteman recorded many jazz and pop standards during his career, including " Wang Wang Blues", " Mississippi Mud", "Rhapsody in Blue", " Wonderful One", " Hot Lips (He's Got Hot Lips When He Plays Jazz)", " Mississippi Suite", "Grand Canyon Suite", and " Trav'lin' Light". He co-wrote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philo Belden
Philo Belden (October 22, 1815September 9, 1889) was a Wisconsin pioneer who helped establish the village of Rochester, Wisconsin, and was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate. Early life Belden was born in Canaan, Connecticut, the sixth child of Jonathan and Love Dean Belden. He left Connecticut in 1835 and purchased land in the Michigan Territory. However, in 1836 he traveled to Racine County, Wisconsin, Racine County, in the Wisconsin Territory, and subsequently decided to sell his land in Michigan and purchased land in Rochester, in western Racine County, in 1838. Early years in Wisconsin In October 1839, Belden, along with fellow Racine County pioneers Martin C. Whitman, Levi Godfrey, Obed Hurlbut, and Hiland Hurlbut, plotted all of the village property of Rochester west of the Fox River (Illinois River tributary), Fox River, and the portion on the east side of the river south of Main Street. Belden made many investments in the developm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodwind Instrument
Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the greater category of wind instruments. Common examples include flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and saxophone. There are two main types of woodwind instruments: flutes and reed instruments (otherwise called reed pipes). The main distinction between these instruments and other wind instruments is the way in which they produce sound. All woodwinds produce sound by splitting the air blown into them on a sharp edge, such as a reed or a fipple. Despite the name, a woodwind may be made of any material, not just wood. Common examples include brass, silver, cane, as well as other metals such as gold and platinum. The saxophone, for example, though made of brass, is considered a woodwind because it requires a reed to produce sound. Occasionally, woodwinds are made of earthen materials, especially ocarinas. Flutes Flutes produce sound by directing a focused stream of air below the edge of a hole in a cylindrical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lindeman
Lindeman is a German, Dutch, Norwegian and Swedish surname. Geographical distribution As of 2014, 58.8% of all known bearers of the surname ''Lindeman'' were residents of the United States (frequency 1:55,620), 16.5% of the Netherlands (1:9,286), 7.6% of Finland (1:6,521), 3.5% of Australia (1:61,911), 3.0% of Sweden (1:29,570), 2.1% of Russia (1:621,945) and 1.9% of Canada (1:176,067). In Finland, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:6,521) in the following regions: * 1. Åland (1:1,009) * 2. Central Finland (1:2,029) * 3. Southwest Finland (1:3,518) * 4. Päijänne Tavastia (1:4,148) * 5. Pirkanmaa (1:4,156) * 6. Kainuu (1:5,120) * 7. Ostrobothnia (1:5,607) * 8. Kymenlaakso (1:6,104) * 9. Tavastia Proper (1:6,190) In the Netherlands, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:9,286) in the following provinces: * 1. Groningen (1:4,317) * 2. Drenthe (1:6,121) * 3. Utrecht (1:6,514) * 4. North Holland (1:6,629) * 5. Flevoland ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bow (music)
In music, a bow is a tensioned stick which has hair (usually horse-tail hair) coated in rosin (to facilitate friction) affixed to it. It is moved across some part (generally some type of strings) of a musical instrument to cause vibration, which the instrument emits as sound. The vast majority of bows are used with string instruments, such as the violin, viola, cello, and bass, although some bows are used with musical saws and other bowed idiophones. Materials and manufacture A bow consists of a specially shaped stick with other material forming a ribbon stretched between its ends, which is used to stroke the string and create sound. Different musical cultures have adopted various designs for the bow. For instance, in some bows a single cord is stretched between the ends of the stick. In the Western tradition of bow making—bows for the instruments of the violin and viol families—a hank of horsehair is normally employed. The manufacture of bows is considered a demandin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metronome
A metronome, from ancient Greek μέτρον (''métron'', "measure") and νομός (nomós, "custom", "melody") is a device that produces an audible click or other sound at a regular interval that can be set by the user, typically in beats per minute (BPM). Metronomes may include synchronized visual motion. Musicians use the device to practise playing to a regular pulse. A kind of metronome was among the inventions of Andalusian polymath Abbas ibn Firnas (810–887). In 1815, German inventor Johann Maelzel patented his mechanical, wind-up metronome as a tool for musicians, under the title "Instrument/Machine for the Improvement of all Musical Performance, called Metronome". In the 20th century, electronic metronomes and software metronomes were invented. Musicians practise with metronomes to improve their timing, especially the ability to stick to a regular tempo. Metronome practice helps internalize a clear sense of timing and tempo. Composers and conductors often use a me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timbre
In music, timbre ( ), also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone. Timbre distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments. It also enables listeners to distinguish different instruments in the same category (e.g., an oboe and a clarinet, both woodwind instruments). In simple terms, timbre is what makes a particular musical instrument or human voice have a different sound from another, even when they play or sing the same note. For instance, it is the difference in sound between a guitar and a piano playing the same note at the same volume. Both instruments can sound equally tuned in relation to each other as they play the same note, and while playing at the same amplitude level each instrument will still sound distinctively with its own unique tone color. Experienced musicians are able to distinguish between different instruments of the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embouchure
Embouchure () or lipping is the use of the lips, facial muscles, tongue, and teeth in playing a wind instrument. This includes shaping the lips to the mouthpiece of a woodwind instrument or the mouthpiece of a brass instrument. The word is of French origin and is related to the root ', 'mouth'. Proper embouchure allows instrumentalists to play their instrument at its full range with a full, clear tone and without strain or damage to their muscles. Brass embouchure While performing on a brass instrument, the sound is produced by the player buzzing their lips into a mouthpiece. Pitches are changed in part through altering the amount of muscular contraction in the lip formation. The performer's use of the air, tightening of cheek and jaw muscles, as well as tongue manipulation can affect how the embouchure works. Maintaining an effective embouchure is an essential skill for any brass instrumentalist, but its personal and particular characteristics mean that different pedagogues and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saxophone Technique
Saxophone technique refers to the physical means of playing the saxophone. It includes how to hold the instrument, how the embouchure is formed and the airstream produced, tone production, hands and fingering positions, and a number of other aspects. Instrumental technique and corresponding pedagogy is a topic of much interest to musicians and teachers and therefore has been subjected to personal opinions and differences in approach. Over the course of the saxophone’s performance history, notable saxophonists have contributed much to the literature on saxophone technique. Embouchure Saxophone embouchure is the position of the facial muscles and shaping of the lips to the mouthpiece when playing a saxophone. Playing technique for the saxophone can derive from an intended style (classical, jazz, rock, funk, etc.) and the player's idealized sound. The design of the saxophone allows for a wide variety of different approaches to sound production. However, there is a basic underlyin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhythm
Rhythm (from Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ... , ''rhythmos'', "any regular recurring motion, symmetry#Symmetry in music, symmetry") generally means a "motion, movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions". This general meaning of regular recurrence or pattern in time can apply to a wide variety of cyclical natural phenomena having a Frequency, periodicity or frequency of anything from microseconds to several seconds (as with the riff in a rock music song); to several minutes or hours, or, at the most extreme, even over many years. Rhythm is related to and distinguished from pulse, meter, and beats: In the performance arts, rhythm is the timing of events on a human scale; of music, musical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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