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Liberties And Responsibilities Of Universities
Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities is the official name of a French law aiming at revamping entirely the French public higher education system. The bill was presented by the French Ministry of Higher Education Valérie Pécresse and was officially voted on 11 August 2007 by the Parliament. The law is commonly referred to as the law LRU (after the acronym of the official name), or Law Pécresse. It is sometimes called the law on the autonomy of universities, because the law give universities more financial autonomy, so that the government will stop funding them. The text of the bill consists of six titles. The first title recall public service and higher education's mission. The second title is about the management of universities. The third deals with the new responsibilities for universities. The three other titles give additional details about the reform. The bill was rapidly voted by the Parliament in July 2007, and definitively adopted on 1 August 2007, less than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In France
Education in France is organized in a highly centralized manner, with many subdivisions. It is divided into the three stages of primary education (''enseignement primaire''), secondary education (''enseignement secondaire''), and higher education (''enseignement supérieur''). Two year olds do not start primary school, they start preschool. Then, by the age of six, a child in France starts primary school and soon moves into higher and higher grade levels until they graduate. In French higher education, the following degrees are recognized by the Bologna Process (EU recognition): ''Licence'' and ''Licence Professionnelle'' (bachelor's degrees), and the comparably named ''Master'' and ''Doctorat'' degrees. The Programme for International Student Assessment coordinated by the OECD in 2018 ranked the overall knowledge and skills of French 15-year-olds as 26th in the world in reading literacy, mathematics, and science, below the OECD average of 493.https://www.oecd.org/pisa/Combin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lille
Lille (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city in the northern part of France, within French Flanders. Positioned along the Deûle river, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France Regions of France, region, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, and the main city of the Métropole Européenne de Lille, European Metropolis of Lille. The city of Lille proper had a population of 236,234 in 2020 within its small municipal territory of , but together with its French suburbs and exurbs the Lille metropolitan area (French part only), which extends over , had a population of 1,515,061 that same year (January 2020 census), the fourth most populated in France after Paris, Lyon, and Marseille. The city of Lille and 94 suburban French municipalities have formed since 2015 the Métropole Européenne de Lille, European Metropolis of Lille, an Indirect election, indirectly elected Métropole, metropolitan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 Establishments In France
7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. It is the only prime number preceding a cube. As an early prime number in the series of positive integers, the number seven has symbolic associations in religion, mythology, superstition and philosophy. The seven classical planets resulted in seven being the number of days in a week. 7 is often considered lucky in Western culture and is often seen as highly symbolic. Evolution of the Arabic digit For early Brahmi numerals, 7 was written more or less in one stroke as a curve that looks like an uppercase vertically inverted (ᒉ). The western Arab peoples' main contribution was to make the longer line diagonal rather than straight, though they showed some tendencies to making the digit more rectilinear. The eastern Arab peoples developed the digit from a form that looked something like 6 to one that looked like an uppercase V. Both modern Arab forms influenced the European form, a two-stroke form consisting of a ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 In Law
7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. It is the only prime number preceding a cube (algebra), cube. As an early prime number in the series of positive integers, the number seven has symbolic associations in religion, mythology, superstition and philosophy. The seven classical planets resulted in seven being the number of days in a week. 7 is often considered lucky in Western culture and is often seen as highly symbolic. Evolution of the Arabic digit For early Brahmi numerals, 7 was written more or less in one stroke as a curve that looks like an uppercase vertically inverted (ᒉ). The western Arab peoples' main contribution was to make the longer line diagonal rather than straight, though they showed some tendencies to making the digit more rectilinear. The eastern Arab peoples developed the digit from a form that looked something like 6 to one that looked like an uppercase V. Both modern Arab forms influenced the European form, a two-stroke form cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 In Education
7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. It is the only prime number preceding a cube. As an early prime number in the series of positive integers, the number seven has symbolic associations in religion, mythology, superstition and philosophy. The seven classical planets resulted in seven being the number of days in a week. 7 is often considered lucky in Western culture and is often seen as highly symbolic. Evolution of the Arabic digit For early Brahmi numerals, 7 was written more or less in one stroke as a curve that looks like an uppercase vertically inverted (ᒉ). The western Arab peoples' main contribution was to make the longer line diagonal rather than straight, though they showed some tendencies to making the digit more rectilinear. The eastern Arab peoples developed the digit from a form that looked something like 6 to one that looked like an uppercase V. Both modern Arab forms influenced the European form, a two-stroke form consisting of a ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 In France
This article lists events from the year 2007 in France. Incumbents * President of France, President: Jacques Chirac (until 17 May), Nicolas Sarkozy (starting 17 May) * Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister: Dominique de Villepin (until 17 May), François Fillon (starting 17 May) Events January – March *5 January – Citroën officially launches the Citroën C4 Picasso range of MPV's. *1 March – Airbus announces that it will cease work indefinitely on the A380F freight aircraft. April – June *22 April – The first round of the 2007 French presidential election, presidential election takes place. *6 May – Nicolas Sarkozy is elected President of the French Republic, President, defeating Ségolène Royal with 53% of the vote in the Presidential Election. *16 May – Sarkozy officially becomes President after taking over from Jacques Chirac. *10 June – The first round of 2007 French legislative election, Legislative elections is held. *15 June – The all-new Renault ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Reform
University reform is a type of education reform applied to higher education. Examples include: *Bologna Process *Chilean university reform *Reform of French universities **Law on Higher Education and Research (France), Law on Higher Education and Research (2007) **Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities (France), Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities (2013) *Norwegian university college reform Historic *Argentine university reform of 1918 *Oxford University Act 1854 See also *Higher education accreditation University reform, {{education-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education Policy In France
Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum. Non-formal education also follows a structured approach but occurs outside the formal schooling system, while informal education involves unstructured learning through daily experiences. Formal and non-formal education are categorized into levels, including early childhood education, primary education, secondary education, and tertiary education. Other classifications focus on teaching methods, such as teacher-centered and student-centered education, and on subjects, such as science education, language education, and physical education. Additionally, the term "education" can denote the mental states and qualities of educated individuals and the academic field studying educational phenomena. The precise definition of education is disputed, and there are disagreements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law On Higher Education And Research (France)
The Law on Higher Education and Research of July 22, 2013 replaced laws promulgated by the previous French government in 2006 and 2007 (for example the law on Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities) regarding the organization and autonomy of universities and other research and higher education institutions in France. During the 2012 French presidential election, François Hollande promised to review and improve conditions for undergraduate and graduate education and research in French universities. Shortly after the election, Geneviève Fioraso, minister for higher education and research, launched an assessment process led by an independent committee in dialogue with the university community. The committee presented a report on December 17, 2012 containing 135 recommendations. Some of the proposals received criticism, but these formed the basis for the new law presented to the National Assembly (France) in March 2013, and adopted into law July 22, 2013. Other than a dispute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association Of Universities And Higher Education Institutions
In France, Communautés d’Universités et Établissements (COMUEs; Communities of universities and institutions) are groups of universities and higher education institutions. A COMUE is a form of Établissement Public à caractère Scientifique, Culturel et Professionnel (EPCSP). These organizations were created with the Law on Higher Education and Research (France) of July 2013. It replaced the previous structure, the Pôle de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur French university associations known as "" (PRES; English: centers for research and higher education) were a form of higher-level organization for universities and other institutions established by French law in effect from 2007 to 2013. The 2013 ... (PRES), that existed from 2007 to 2013. Unlike the former PRES, they are able to award degrees, and have program budgets. List of communities of universities and institutions (COMUEs) in France As of 5 May 2021, there are eight university groups known as COMUEs, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pôle De Recherche Et D'enseignement Supérieur
French university associations known as "" (PRES; English: centers for research and higher education) were a form of higher-level organization for universities and other institutions established by French law in effect from 2007 to 2013. The 2013 Law on Higher Education and Research (France) discontinued the PRES; these have been largely replaced by the new Groups of universities and institutions, Communities of Universities and Institutions (French translation abbreviated COMUE). The list below indicates the status of those institutions designated as PRES or related associations before the 2013 law took effect. See the list of public universities in France for the current status of these institutions. History The reforms of French higher education in 1968–1971 broke apart several public universities into numerous autonomous successor universities. For example, the University of Paris was split into thirteen universities, Paris I through Paris XIII. These universities have sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perpignan
Perpignan (, , ; ; ) is the prefectures in France, prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales departments of France, department in Southern France, in the heart of the plain of Roussillon, at the foot of the Pyrenees a few kilometres from the Mediterranean Sea and the scrublands of the Corbières Massif, Corbières massif. It is the centre of the Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole metropolitan area. In 2021, Perpignan had a population of 119,656 in the commune proper, and the urban unit, agglomeration had a total population of 205,183, making it the last major French city before the Spain, Spanish border. Perpignan is sometimes seen as the "entrance" to the Iberian Peninsula. Perpignan was the capital of the provinces of France, former province and County of Roussillon (''Rosselló'' in Catalan) and continental capital of the Kingdom of Majorca in the 13th and 14th centuries. It has preserved an extensive old centre with its ''bodegas'' in the historic centre, coloured houses i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
