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Blackhouse Tasmanian Language
A blackhouse ( ; ) is a traditional type of house which used to be common in Ireland, the Hebrides, and the Scottish Highlands. Origin of the name The origin of the name blackhouse is of some debate. On the Isle of Lewis, in particular, it seems to have been used to distinguish the older blackhouses from some of the newer white-houses ( , ; ), with their harled (rendered) stone walls. There may also be some confusion arising from the phonetic similarity between the dubh, meaning black, and tughadh, meaning thatch. Description The buildings were generally built with double wall dry-stone walls packed with earth, and were roofed with wooden rafters covered with a thatch of turf with cereal straw or reed. The floor was generally flagstones or packed earth and there was a central hearth for the fire. There was no chimney for the smoke to escape through. Instead the smoke made its way through the roof. This led to the soot blackening of the interior which may also have co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconstructed Blackhouse
Reconstruction may refer to: Politics, history, and sociology *Reconstruction (law), the transfer of a company's (or several companies') business to a new company *''Perestroika'' (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Union political movement *Critical reconstruction, an architectural theory related to the reconstruction of Berlin after the end of the Berlin Wall *Economic reconstruction *Ministry of Reconstruction, a UK government department * *The Reconstruction era of the United States, the period after the American Civil War, 1865–1877 ** The Reconstruction Acts, or Military Reconstruction Acts, addressing requirements for Southern States to be readmitted to the Union *Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a United States government agency from 1932 to 1957 Arts, entertainment, and media Films *Reconstruction (1968 film), ''Reconstruction'' (1968 film), a Romanian tragicomedy *Reconstruction (2001 film), ''Reconstruction'' (2001 film), about the 1959 Ioa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Gearrannan Blackhouses 6
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Highlands And Islands Of Scotland
Highland is a broad term for areas of higher elevation, such as a mountain range or mountainous plateau. Highland, Highlands, or The Highlands, may also refer to: Places Africa *Highlands, Johannesburg, South Africa *Highlands, Harare, Zimbabwe *Ethiopian Highlands, a mass of mountains *Northern Highlands, Madagascar *Western High Plateau, or Western Highlands, or Cameroon Highlands The Americas Brazil *Brazilian Highlands, a geographical region Canada *Highlands, British Columbia, a municipality *Highlands, Edmonton, a residential neighbourhood *Highlands, Newfoundland and Labrador, a settlement United States *Highland, Arkansas *Highland, California *Highland, California, a former name of Highland Springs, Lake County, California *Highland, Denver, Colorado *Highland City, Florida *Highlands County, Florida *Highland, Illinois *Highland, Lake County, Indiana *Highland, Indiana (other), the name of several places *Highland, Iowa *Highland, Kansas *Highlands, Lexing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Housing In Scotland
Housing in Scotland includes all forms of built habitation in what is now Scotland, from the earliest period of human occupation to the present day. The oldest house in Scotland dates from the Mesolithic era. In the Neolithic era settled farming led to the construction of the first stone houses. There is also evidence from this period of large Neolithic long house, timber halls. In the Bronze Age there were cellular round crannogs (built on artificial islands) and hillforts that enclosed large settlements. In the Iron Age cellular houses begin to be replaced on the northern isles by simple Atlantic roundhouses, substantial circular buildings with a drystone construction. The largest constructions that date from this era are the circular brochs and dun (fortification), duns and wheelhouse (archaeology), wheelhouses. After the First World War, the government responded to urban deprivation with a massive programme of council house building. Many were on Greenfield land, greenfie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architecture In Ireland
The architecture of Ireland is one of the most visible features in the Irish countryside – with remains from all eras since the Stone Age abounding. Ireland is famous for its ruined and intact Norman architecture, Norman and Anglo-Irish people, Anglo-Irish castles, small whitewashed Thatching, thatched cottages and Georgian architecture, Georgian urban buildings. What are unaccountably somewhat less famous are the still complete Palladian architecture, Palladian and Rococo country houses which can be favourably compared to anything similar in northern Europe, and the country's many Gothic architecture, Gothic and Gothic Revival architecture, neo-Gothic cathedrals and buildings. Despite the oft-times significant British and wider European influence, the fashion and trends of architecture have been adapted to suit the peculiarities of the particular location. Variations of stone (particularly limestone, granite and sandstone), lime mortar, wood, sod, Cob (material), cob and stra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Types In The United Kingdom
A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.Schoenauer, Norbert (2000). ''6,000 Years of Housing'' (rev. ed.) (New York: W.W. Norton & Company). Houses use a range of different roofing systems to keep precipitation such as rain from getting into the dwelling space. Houses generally have doors or locks to secure the dwelling space and protect its inhabitants and contents from burglars or other trespassers. Most conventional modern houses in Western cultures will contain one or more bedrooms and bathrooms, a kitchen or cooking area, and a living room. A house may have a separate dining room, or the eating area may be integrated into the kitchen or another room. Some large houses in North America have a recreation room. In traditional agriculture-oriented societies, domes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vernacular Architecture
Vernacular architecture (also folk architecture) is building done outside any academic tradition, and without professional guidance. It is not a particular architectural movement or style but rather a broad category, encompassing a wide range and variety of building types; with differing methods of construction from around the world, including historical and extant and classical and modern. Vernacular architecture constitutes 95% of the world's built environment, as estimated in 1995 by Amos Rapoport, as measured against the small percentage of new buildings every year designed by architects and built by engineers. Vernacular architecture usually serves immediate, local needs, is constrained by the materials available in its particular region, and reflects local traditions and cultural practices. The study of vernacular architecture does not examine formally schooled architects, but instead that of the design skills and tradition of local builders, who were rarely given any att ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish Vernacular
Scottish Vernacular architecture is a form of vernacular architecture that uses local materials. Overview In Scotland, as elsewhere, vernacular architecture employs readily available local materials and methods handed down from generation to generation. The builders of vernacular structures remain unknown. Peasant homes were typically of very simple construction. In Scotland, where stone is plentiful and long-span timber in short supply, stone was a common building material, employed in both mortared and dry stone construction. Types of vernacular residences ;Bastle house: Most often found along the Anglo-Scottish border. They are multi-storey farmhouses with sophisticated security measures designed to provide defense against the frequent border raiding parties. The characteristic features include: thick stone walls (of around one metre deep); a stone vault separating the first and second levels of the building and exterior windows of narrow slits and a roof made of slate for i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Icelandic Turf House
Icelandic turf houses ( ) are timber structures with turf walls and turf as a cover for the roof. Turf houses have been constructed since Iceland was settled in the 9th century. Turf houses were the product of a difficult climate, offering superior insulation compared to buildings solely made of wood or stone, and the relative difficulty in obtaining other construction materials in sufficient quantities. 30% of Iceland was forested when it was settled, mostly with birch. Oak was the preferred timber for building Norse halls in Scandinavia, but native birch had to serve as the primary framing material on the remote island. However, Iceland did have a large amount of sod, turf that was suitable for construction. Some structures in Norway had Sod roof, turf roofs, so the notion of using this as a building material would not have been alien to many settlers. Construction The common Icelandic turf house has a large foundation made of flat stones; upon this is a wooden frame to hold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crofting
Crofting (Scottish Gaelic: ') is a form of land tenure and small-scale food production peculiar to the Scottish Highlands, the islands of Scotland, and formerly on the Isle of Man. Within the 19th-century townships, individual crofts were established on the better land, and a large area of poorer-quality hill ground was shared by all the crofters of the township for grazing of their livestock. In the 21st century, crofting is found predominantly in the rural Western and Northern Isles and in the coastal fringes of the western and northern Scottish mainland. History Origins and history before 1886 Crofting communities were a product of the Highland Clearances (though individual crofts had existed before the clearances). Previously, Highland agriculture was based on farms or , which had common grazing and arable open fields operated on the run rig system. An individual might have between five and ten families as tenants. As landowners sought to increase the income from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croft (land)
A croft is a traditional Scottish term for a fenced or enclosed area of land, usually small and arable, and usually, but not always, with a crofter's dwelling thereon. A crofter is one who has tenure and use of the land, typically as a tenant farmer, especially in rural areas. In Northern England, ''crofter'' was a term connected with tenant farming and rural employment. For example in the textiles industry; someone who bleached cloth prior to dyeing, laying it out in fields or 'crofts'. Etymology The word ''croft'' is West Germanic in etymology, derived from the Dutch term ''kroft'' or ''krocht'' and the Old English ''croft'' (itself of debated origin), meaning an enclosed field. Today, the term is used most frequently in Scotland, most crofts being in the Highlands and Islands area. Elsewhere the expression is generally archaic. In Scottish Gaelic, it is rendered (, plural ). Legislation in Scotland The Scottish croft is a small agricultural landholding of a type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
But And Ben
__NOTOC__ But and ben (or butt and ben) is an architectural style for a simple building, usually applied to a residence. The etymology is from the Scots term for a two-roomed cottage. The term describes a basic design of "outer room" conjoined with "inner room" as a residential building plan; the outer room, used as an antechamber or kitchen, is the ''but'', while the inner room is the ''ben''. The word ''but'', here, comes from Early Scots/Middle English "bouten" "outside", and ''ben'' from ES/ ME "binnen", "inside". See also * Blackhouse * Bothy * Cottage A cottage, during Feudalism in England, England's feudal period, was the holding by a cottager (known as a cotter or ''bordar'') of a small house with enough garden to feed a family and in return for the cottage, the cottager had to provide ... * '' The Broons'' References * C. Michael Hogan''Knossos fieldnotes'', Modern Antiquarian (2007)* Ernest Ingersoll (1906) ''The Wit of the Wild'', Published by Dodd, Mead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
