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Lexikon Der Indogermanischen Verben
The ''Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben'' (''LIV'', ''Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs'') is an etymological dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) verb. The first edition appeared in 1998, edited by Helmut Rix. A second edition followed in 2001. The book may be seen as an update to the verb entries of the ''Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch'' (''IEW'') by Julius Pokorny. It was the first dictionary fully utilizing the modern three-laryngeal theory with reconstructions of Indo-European verbal roots. The ''LIVs hypothesis about aspect The authors of the ''LIV'' assume a dichotomy between '' telic'' verbs (terminated: for example, 'to light up') and ''atelic'' verbs (ongoing: for example, 'to shine') in early stages of Proto-Indo-European. Before the daughter languages split off, ''aspect'' emerged as a new grammatical category. Telic verbs were interpreted as aorist forms, and the missing present was formed with various suffixes (for example, ) and the nasal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helmut Rix
Helmut Rix (4 July 1926, in Amberg – 3 December 2004, in Colmar) was a German linguist and professor of the Sprachwissenschaftliches Seminar of Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany. He is best known for his research into Indo-European studies, Indo-European and Etruscan language, Etruscan languages, as well as for being the author of the hypothesis of Tyrrhenian languages. Biography Helmut Rix was born in 1926 in Amberg to a family of teachers. Following high school and conscripted service in the Kriegsmarine, German navy during World War II, he studied Indo-European studies, classical philology, and history at University of Würzburg, Wurzburg in 1946 and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg from 1947. There he received his doctorate in 1950 with his dissertation ''Bausteine zu einer Hydronymie Alt-Italiens''. From 1951 he was assistant to Hans Krahe at University of Tübingen, Tübingen and from 1955 lecturer in Latin and Greek at the Lutheran Augustana Divinit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfect (grammar)
The perfect tense or aspect ( abbreviated or ) is a verb form that indicates that an action or circumstance occurred earlier than the time under consideration, often focusing attention on the resulting state rather than on the occurrence itself. An example of a perfect construction is ''I have made dinner.'' Although this gives information about a prior action (the speaker's making of the dinner), the focus is likely to be on the present consequences of that action (the fact that the dinner is now ready). The word ''perfect'' in this sense means "completed" (from Latin ''perfectum'', which is the perfect passive participle of the verb ''perficere'' "to complete"). In traditional Latin and Ancient Greek grammar, the perfect tense is a particular, conjugated-verb form. Modern analyses view the perfect constructions of these languages as combining elements of grammatical tense (such as time reference) and grammatical aspect. The Greek perfect tense is contrasted with the aorist and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1998 Non-fiction Books
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The '' Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently shadowed craters near the Moon's poles. * January 11 – Over 100 people are killed in the Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria. * January 12 – Nineteen European nations agree to forbid human cloning. * January 17 – The '' Drudge Report'' breaks the story about U.S. President Bill Clinton's alleged affair with Monica Lewinsky, which will lead to the House of Representatives' impeachment of him. February * February 3 – Cavalese cable car disaster: A United States military pilot causes the deaths of 20 people near Trento, Italy, when his low-flying EA-6B Prowler severs the cable of a cable-car. * February 4 – The 5.9 Afghanistan earthquake shakes the Takhar Province with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (''Very strong''). Wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexikon Der Indogermanischen Partikeln Und Pronominalstämme
The ''Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme'' (''LIPP'', ''"Lexicon of the Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems"'') is an etymological dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) particles and pronouns, published in 2014. It consists of two volumes; number 1 containing an introduction, terminology, sound laws In historical linguistics, a sound change is a language change, change in the pronunciation of a language. A sound change can involve the replacement of one speech sound (or, more generally, one distinctive feature, phonetic feature value) by a ..., adverbial endings, nominal suffixes, appendices, and indices, and number 2 containing the lexicon. Reviews * * See also * Proto-Indo-European particles * Proto-Indo-European pronouns References 2014 non-fiction books Indo-European linguistics works Etymological dictionaries {{dictionary-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomina Im Indogermanischen Lexikon
''Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon'' (''NIL'', ''"Nominals in the Indo-European Lexicon"'') is an etymological dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European (PIE) nominals, that is, nouns and adjectives. It appeared in 2008, edited by German linguists Dagmar S. Wodtko, Britta Irslinger, and Carolin Schneider. Like other modern PIE dictionaries, ''NIL'' utilizes the modern three-laryngeal theory for its reconstructions. History During the 2000s, scientists at the University of Freiburg worked on a project called "Indogermanisches Nomen" ("Indo-European Nominal"), comprising a volume on nominal inflection, to become part of Manfred Mayrhofer's series on Indo-European grammar; a dictionary called ''Lexikon der indogermanischen Nomina'' (''LIN'', "Lexicon of the Indo-European Nominals" in analogy to the ''Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben'', ''LIV''); and a work on PIE primary adjectives. Eventually, the project was cancelled due to cutting of funds.Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Leiden
Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; ) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Established in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange as a Protestant institution, it holds the distinction of being the oldest university in the Netherlands of today. During the Dutch Golden Age scholars from around Europe were attracted to the Dutch Republic for its climate of intellectual tolerance. Individuals such as René Descartes, Rembrandt, Christiaan Huygens, Hugo Grotius, Benedictus Spinoza, and later Baron d'Holbach were active in Leiden and environs. The university has seven academic faculties and over fifty subject departments, housing more than forty national and international research institutes. Its historical primary campus consists of several buildings spread over Leiden, while a second campus located in The Hague houses a liberal arts college ( Leiden University College The Hague) and several of its faculties. It is a member of the Coimbra Group, the Europaeum, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
The ''Indo-European Etymological Dictionary'' (commonly abbreviated ''IEED'') is a research project of the Department of Comparative Indo-European studies, Indo-European Linguistics at Leiden University, initiated in 1991 by Peter Schrijver and others. It is financially supported by the Faculty of Humanities and Centre for Linguistics of Leiden University, Brill Publishers, and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. Overview The IEED project is supervised by Alexander Lubotsky. It aims to accomplish the following goals: * to compile etymology, etymological databases for the individual branches of Indo-European languages, Indo-European, containing all the words that can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European, and print them in Brill Publishers, Brill's ''Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary'' series, * to publish those databases free of charge electronically on the Internet, by utilizing Sergei Starostin's STARLING software techno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berthold Delbrück
Berthold Gustav Gottlieb Delbrück (; 26 July 1842 – 3 January 1922) was a German linguist who devoted himself to the study of the comparative syntax of the Indo-European languages. Early life Delbrück was born in Putbus. He studied at the universities of Halle and Berlin, receiving his doctorate at Halle in 1863. In 1870 he succeeded August Leskien as an associate professor at the University of Jena, where in 1873 he was named a full professor of Sanskrit and comparative linguistics. Career In 1871 he published a study of the subjunctive and optative moods in Sanskrit and Greek, which was the first thoroughly methodical and complete treatment of a problem in comparative syntax. His great achievement, however, was preparing volumes iii, iv, and v on syntax entitled ''Vergleichende Syntax der indogermanischen Sprachen'' in ''Grundriß der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen'' ("Outline of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-Germanic Languages"), publish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Brugmann
Friedrich Karl Brugmann (; 16 March 1849 – 29 June 1919) was a German linguist. He is noted for his work in Indo-European linguistics. Biography Friedrich Karl Brugman was born in Wiesbaden to a middle-class family in 1849. He was educated at the universities of Halle and Leipzig. He taught at the gymnasium at Wiesbaden and at Leipzig, and between 1872 and 1877 was assistant at the Russian Institute of Classical Philology at the latter. In 1877 he was lecturer at the University of Leipzig, and in 1882 became professor of comparative philology there. In 1884 he took the same position at the University of Freiburg, but returned to Leipzig in 1887 as successor to Georg Curtius; for the rest of his professional life (until 1919), Brugmann was professor of Sanskrit and comparative linguistics there. As a young man, Brugmann sided with the emerging Neogrammarian school, which asserted the inviolability of phonetic laws ( Brugmann's law) and adhered to a strict research methodo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grundriß Der Vergleichenden Grammatik Der Indogermanischen Sprachen
( German for 'Outline of the comparative grammar of the Indo-Germanic languages') is a major work of historical linguistics by Karl Brugmann and Berthold Delbrück, published in two editions between 1886 and 1916. Brugmann treated phonology and morphology, and Delbrück treated syntax. The grammar of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is reconstructed from those of its daughter languages known in the late 19th century. The work represents a major step in Indo-European studies, after Franz Bopp's ''Comparative Grammar'' of 1833 and August Schleicher's ''Compendium'' of 1871. Brugmann's neogrammarian re-evaluation of PIE resulted in a view that in its essence continued to be valid until present times. First edition *Brugmann **Volume I: Phonology (1886) **Volume II, Part I: Noun (1888) **Volume II, Part II: Numerals and Pronouns, Verb (1892) **Indices (1893) *Delbrück **Volume III: Syntax, Part I (1893) **Volume IV: Syntax, Part II (1897) **Volume V: Syntax, Part III (1900) The volumes of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indogermanische Forschungen
(English: ''Indo-European Researches''; subtitled ''/Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics'') is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal of linguistics. It focuses primarily on Indo-European studies, but also publishes contributions on other languages and linguistic fields. It was established in 1892 by Karl Brugmann and Wilhelm Streitberg and published until vol. 37 (1916/17) by Verlag Karl J. Trübner. Starting with vol. 38 (1917/20) it has been published on an annual basis by Walter de Gruyter. Vols. 1–43 were supplemented with the ''Anzeiger für indogermanische Sprach- und Altertumskunde. Beiblatt zu den Indogermanischen Forschungen'', a review journal edited by Streitberg. The editors-in-chief are Benjamin W. Fortson (University of Michigan), Götz Keydana, Melanie Malzahn, Paul Widmer. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, ERIH PLUS, and Linguistic Bibliography Online. According to the ''Journal Citation Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desiderative
In linguistics, a desiderative (abbreviated or ) form is one that has the meaning of "wanting to X". Desiderative forms are often verbs, derived from a more basic verb through a process of morphological derivation. Desiderative mood is a kind of volitive mood. Sanskrit In Sanskrit, the desiderative is formed through the suffixing of /sa/ and the prefixing of a reduplicative syllable, consisting of the first consonant of the root (sometimes modified) and a vowel, usually /i/ but /u/ if the root has an /u/ in it. Changes to the root vowel sometimes happen, as well. The acute accent, which indicates high pitch in Vedic, is usually placed at the first vowel. For example: Meadow Mari In Meadow Mari, the desiderative mood is marked by the suffix -не ''-ne''. Positive present Negative present Japanese In Japanese, the desiderative takes two main forms: () and (). Both forms conjugate for tense and positivity, but in different ways: with the ending, the verb becomes an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
