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Leptopyrum
''Leptopyrum'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. The only species is ''Leptopyrum fumarioides'', native to north and east Asia. Description Morphology ''Leptopyrum fumarioides'' is an annual plant, annual herbaceous plant growing to tall, with 4–9 (rarely as few as 2 or as many as 17) smooth, sparsely branched stems. The leaves are triangular-Glossary of leaf morphology#ovate, ovate and have stalks of length. The Leaflet (botany), leaflets are rhombic in shape, with the central leaflet having a short stalk, and each leaflet divided into three unequal, narrow, teardrop-shaped lobes. The leaflet edges may be smooth or have small teeth. The flowers measure 3–5 mm in diameter with oval yellowish sepals 3–4.5 mm long and smooth petals 1 mm long. The stamens are around 3 mm in length and the anthers around 0.5 mm. Phytochemistry The previously unknown alkaloids leptopyrine and leptofumarine were isolated fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family (biology), family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide. The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium'' (365), ''Thalictrum'' (330), ''Clematis'' (380), and ''Aconitum'' (300). Description Ranunculaceae are mostly herbaceous annuals or perennials, but some are woody climbers (such as ''Clematis'') or shrubs (e.g. ''Xanthorhiza''). Most members of the family have bisexual flowers which can be showy or inconspicuous. Flowers are solitary, but are also found aggregated in Cyme (botany), cymes, panicles, or spike (botany), spikes. The flowers are usually radially symmetrical but are also found to be bilaterally symmetrical in the genera ''Aconitum'' and ''Delphinium''. The sepals, petals, stamens and carpels are all generally free (not fused), the outer flower segments typically number four or five. The outer stamens may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraquilegia
''Paraquilegia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. The genus was segregated out from the genus ''Isopyrum'' in 1920 by British botanists James Ramsay Drummond and John Hutchinson. The native range of the genus is temperate central Asia. Despite the genus encompassing a relatively small number of taxa, there has been significant disagreement among taxonomic authorities regarding how many ''Paraquilegia'' species there are and what they are named. In cultivation, ''Paraquilegia'' are grown by rock gardeners. The plants are notably difficult to grow. While significant quantities of seeds have entered the horticultural trade from the Himalayas and western China, relatively few plants have been successfully grown in cultivation. Seeds lose viability rapidly and can take years to germinate. Plants grown in clay pans and tufa have been noted as particularly successful. Description ''Paraquilegia'' are a genus of perennial herbs in the family Ranuncu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene followed the Oligocene and preceded the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by distinct global events but by regionally defined transitions from the warmer Oligocene to the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, Afro-Arabia collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, and allowing the interchange of fauna between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans and Ape, hominoids into Eurasia. During the late Miocene, the conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a broad class of natural product, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungus, fungi, Medicinal plant, plants, and animals. They can be purified from crude extracts of these organisms by acid-base extraction, or solvent extractions followed by silica-gel column chromatography. Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacology, pharmacological activities including antimalarial medication, antimalarial (e.g. quinine), asthma, antiasthma (e.g. ephedrine), chemotherapy, anticancer (e.g. omacetaxine mepesuccinate, homoharringtonine), cholinomimetic (e.g. galantamine), vasodilation, vasodilatory (e.g. vincamine), Antiarrhythmic agent, antiarrhythmic (e.g. quinidine), analgesic (e.g. morphine), antibacterial (e.g. chelerythrine), and anti-diabetic, antihyperglycemic activities (e.g. berb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siberia
Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states since the lengthy conquest of Siberia, which began with the fall of the Khanate of Sibir in 1582 and concluded with the annexation of Chukotka in 1778. Siberia is vast and sparsely populated, covering an area of over , but home to roughly a quarter of Russia's population. Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Omsk are the largest cities in the area. Because Siberia is a geographic and historic concept and not a political entity, there is no single precise definition of its territorial borders. Traditionally, Siberia spans the entire expanse of land from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, with the Ural River usually forming the southernmost portion of its western boundary, and includes most of the drainage basin of the Arctic Ocean. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binomial Nomenclature
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (often shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen, name, or a scientific name; more informally, it is also called a Latin name. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), the system is also called nomenclature, with an "n" before the "al" in "binominal", which is a typographic error, meaning "two-name naming system". The first part of the name – the '' generic name'' – identifies the genus to which the species belongs, whereas the second part – the specific name or specific epithet – distinguishes the species within the genus. For example, modern humans belong to the genus ''Homo'' and within this genus to the species ''Hom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isopyrum Anemonoides
''Isopyrum'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Ranunculaceae native to Eurasia and North America. ''Isopyrum'' plants possess white flowers with five sepals and five petals. The genus was first described in 1753 by the biologist Carl Linnaeus. In 1920, the genus ''Paraquilegia'' was segregated out from ''Isopyrum'' to contain plants that are more morphologically aligned with members of the genus ''Aquilegia'' (columbines). Description ''Isopyrum'' is a genus of perennial herbs in the family Ranunculaceae. The smooth and glabrous stems stand erect. Leaves are biternate. The leaves attached to the base of the stem are pale green on the bottom and green on the top. Leaves attached to the stem have short petioles with white sheathes. Flowers on ''Isopyrum'' plants have radial symmetry. Each flower possesses five sepals and five petals. Sepals are white and petaloid. The petals are substantially smaller than the sepals. Each flower also features yellow anthers and between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thalictrum
''Thalictrum'' () is a genus of 120-200 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, native mostly to temperate regions. Meadow-rue is a common name for plants in this genus. ''Thalictrum'' is a taxonomically difficult genus with poorly understood species boundaries; it is in need of further taxonomic and field research for clarification. Despite their common name of "meadow-rue", ''Thalictrum'' species are not closely related to the true rue (family Rutaceae), but resemble its members in having compound leaves twice or thrice divided. Description Meadow-rue leaves are alternate, bipinnately compound, and commonly glaucous blue-green in colour. The flowers are small and apetalous (no petals), but have numerous long stamens, often brightly white, yellow, pink or pale purple, and are produced in conspicuous dense inflorescences. In some species (e.g. '' T. chelidonii'', '' T. tuberosum''), the sepals are large, brightly coloured and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fumaria
''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean region, and introduced to North, South America and Australia. ''Fumaria'' species are sometimes used in herbal medicine. ''Fumaria indica'' contains an unusual mix of alkaloids such as fuyuziphine and alpha-hydrastine. '' Fumaria indica'' extracts may have anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential. Selected species There are about 50 species: *''Fumaria abyssinica'' Hammar *''Fumaria agraria'' Lag. *''Fumaria ajmasiana'' Pau & Font Quer *''Fumaria asepala'' Boiss. *''Fumaria atlantica'' Coss. & Durieu ''ex'' Hausskn. *''Fumaria ballii'' Pugsley *''Fumaria barnolae'' Sennen & Pau *''Fumaria bastardii'' Boreau *''Fumaria berberica'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria bicolor'' Sommier ''ex'' Nicotra *'' Fumaria bracteosa'' Pomel * ''Fumaria'' × ''burnat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hellebore
Commonly known as hellebores (), the Eurasian genus ''Helleborus'' consists of approximately 20 species of herbaceous or evergreen perennial plant, perennial flowering plants in the family (biology), family Ranunculaceae, within which it gave its name to the tribe (biology), tribe of Helleboreae. Many hellebore species are poisonous. Despite common names such as ''winter rose'', ''Christmas rose'', and ''Lenten rose'', hellebores are not closely related to the rose family (Rosaceae). Etymology The common name "hellebore" is first attested in 1300s; it originates, via Old French and Latin, ultimately from . Although traditionally translated as "plant eaten by fawns", this could be folk etymology and, according to Beekes, really a Pre-Greek word. It is false friend, ''not'' related to the word "hell", despite the toxic nature of this plant. In Anglo-Saxon England, the Anglo-Latin word ''elleborus'' had varied meanings. Around 900 AD, it was linked with "''tunsingwyrt''" (vari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isopyrum
''Isopyrum'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Ranunculaceae native to Eurasia and North America. ''Isopyrum'' plants possess white flowers with five sepals and five petals. The genus was first described in 1753 by the biologist Carl Linnaeus. In 1920, the genus '' Paraquilegia'' was segregated out from ''Isopyrum'' to contain plants that are more morphologically aligned with members of the genus ''Aquilegia'' (columbines). Description ''Isopyrum'' is a genus of perennial herbs in the family Ranunculaceae. The smooth and glabrous stems stand erect. Leaves are biternate. The leaves attached to the base of the stem are pale green on the bottom and green on the top. Leaves attached to the stem have short petioles with white sheathes. Flowers on ''Isopyrum'' plants have radial symmetry. Each flower possesses five sepals and five petals. Sepals are white and petaloid. The petals are substantially smaller than the sepals. Each flower also features yellow anthers and between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
