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Legislature XI Of Italy
The Legislature XI of Italy () was the 11th legislature of the Italy, Italian Republic, and lasted from 23 April 1992 until 14 April 1994. Its composition was the one resulting from the 1992 Italian general election, general election of 5 and 6 April 1992. The election was called by President of Italy, President Francesco Cossiga, Cossiga on 3 February 1992. This legislature was one of the shortest in the history of the Italian Republic and is considered the last one of the so-called "First Republic" (). Characterized by a huge political fragmentation, the legislature prematurely came to an end after many of the historical parties represented in Parliament were overwhelmed by ''Mani Pulite, Tangentopoli'' scandal and subsequently disbanded. Government Composition Chamber of Deputies * Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, President: Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (DC), elected on 24 April 1992, dismissed on 25 May 1992 (elected President of Italy, President of the Republic), G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Senate
The Senate of the Republic (), or simply the Senate ( ), is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament, the lower house being the Chamber of Deputies. The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. Pursuant to the Articles 57, 58, and 59 of the Italian Constitution, the Senate has 200 elective members, of which 196 are elected from Italian constituencies, and 4 from Italian citizens living abroad. Furthermore, a small number (currently 5) serve as senators for life (''senatori a vita''), either appointed or ''ex officio''. It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948, but previously existed during the Kingdom of Italy as ''Senato del Regno'' ( Senate of the Kingdom), itself a continuation of the ''Senato Subalpino'' ( Subalpine Senate) of Sardinia established on 8 May 1848. Members of the Senate are styled ''Senator'' or ''The Honourable Senator'' (Italian: ''Onorevole Senatore'') and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lega Nord
Lega Nord (LN; ), whose complete name is (), is a right-wing politics, right-wing, federalism, federalist, populism, populist and conservatism, conservative list of political parties in Italy, political party in Italy. In the run-up to the 2018 Italian general election, 2018 general election, the party was rebranded as (), without changing its official name. The party was nonetheless frequently referred to only as "Lega" even before the rebranding, and informally as the (). The party's latest elected leader was Matteo Salvini. In 1989, the LN was established as a federation of six regional parties from Northern Italy, northern and north-central Italy (Liga Veneta, Lega Lombarda, Lega Piemonte, Piemont Autonomista, Lega Liguria, Uniun Ligure, Lega Emilia, Lega Emiliano-Romagnola and Lega Toscana, Alleanza Toscana), which became the party's founding "national" sections in 1991. The party's founder and long-time federal secretary was Umberto Bossi, now federal president. The LN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palazzo Madama, Rome
Palazzo Madama () in Rome is the seat of the Senate of the Italian Republic, the upper house of the Italian Parliament. History It was built atop the ruins of the ancient baths of Nero, next to Piazza Navona. The terrain had been acquired in the Middle Ages by the monks of the Abbey of Farfa, who later ceded it to France. The new building was begun at the end of the 15th century and completed in 1505, for the Medici family. It housed two Medici cardinals and cousins, Giovanni and Giulio, who both later became popes as Leo X and Clement VII, respectively. Catherine de' Medici, Clement VII's niece, also lived here before she was married to Henry, son of King Francis I of France in 1533. Cardinal Francesco Maria Del Monte, patron of the artist Caravaggio, lived there until his death in 1627. The palace takes its name from Madama Margherita of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Charles V, who married another illegitimate son, Alessandro de' Medici and, after his deat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome
Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2,746,984 residents in , Rome is the list of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, with a population of 4,223,885 residents, is the most populous metropolitan cities of Italy, metropolitan city in Italy. Rome metropolitan area, Its metropolitan area is the third-most populous within Italy. Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of the Tiber Valley. Vatican City (the smallest country in the world and headquarters of the worldwide Catholic Church under the governance of the Holy See) is an independent country inside the city boun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palazzo Montecitorio
Palazzo Montecitorio () is a palace in Rome and the seat of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian Parliament. History The palace's name derives from the slight hill on which it is built, which was claimed to be the ''Mons Citatorius'', the hill created in the process of clearing the Campus Martius in Roman times. The building was originally designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for the young Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, nephew of Pope Gregory XV. However, with the death of Gregory XV by 1623, work stopped, and was not restarted until the papacy of Pope Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli), when it was completed by the architect Carlo Fontana, who modified Bernini's plan with the addition of a bell gable above the main entrance. The building was designated for public and social functions only, due to Innocent XII's firm anti-nepotism policies which were in contrast to his predecessors'. In 1696 the Curia apostolica (papal law courts) was installed there. Later it w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 5 and 6 April 1992.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 1048 They were the first without the traditionally second most important political force in Italian politics, the Italian Communist Party (PCI), which had been disbanded in 1991. Most of its members split between the more democratic socialist-oriented Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), while a minority who did not want to renounce the communist tradition became the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC); between them, they gained around 4% less than what the already declining PCI had obtained in the 1987 Italian general election, despite PRC absorbing the disbanded Proletarian Democracy (DP). The other major feature was the sudden rise of the Northern League (LN), a federalist party that increased its vote from 0.5% of the preceding elections to more than 8%, increasing from a single member both in the Chamber and the Senate to 55 and 25, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party-list Proportional Representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered Political party, political parties, with each party being Apportionment (politics), allocated a certain number of seats Apportionment (politics), roughly proportional to their share of the vote. In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (Closed list, closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage). Voting In most party list systems, a voter will only support one party (a Choose-one voting, choose-one ballot). Open list systems may allow voters to suppor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pannella List
The Pannella List (, LP) is a liberal and libertarian association, which was also the electoral list of the Italian Radicals between 1992 and 1999, when it was replaced by the Bonino List. Its standard-bearer was Marco Pannella (who died in 2016), who had been the main leader of the Radical Party (PR) from 1963 to 1989, and later of the Transnational Radical Party and the Italian Radicals. The List still functions as an association in charge of some of the Radical assets, notably including the party's headquarters and Radio Radicale. History In 1989 the PR was transformed into the Transnational Radical Party, an NGO working at the UN-level and coordinating the efforts of several national parties and groupings mainly in support of human rights. Individual Radicals, who always had the right to "double membership" (i.e. being members of another party), joined different parties, while remaining committed members of the PR/PRT. In that year's European Parliament election, Panne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Network (political Party)
The Network (), whose complete name was Movement for Democracy – The Network (''Movimento per la Democrazia – La Rete''), was a political party in Italy led by Leoluca Orlando. History The party was formed on 24 January 1991 by Leoluca Orlando, mayor of Palermo and member of the Christian Democracy, who had broken with this party in 1991 due to its relations with the Mafia. The party was Catholic-inspired, while including several former members of the Italian Communist Party ( Diego Novelli, Alfredo Galasso, etc.), anti-Mafia and anti-corruption. It proposed an end to parliamentary immunity, greater judicial powers to tackle Mafia, and a parliament with fewer lawmakers. Describing itself as a social movement rather than a party, the Network aimed to be a loose "civic movement" without formal memberships or rigid party structure. The party succeeded in gaining elected office in Sicily, including five seats in the 1991 regional election (thanks to 7.4% of the vote) and, aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Democratic Socialist Party
The Italian Democratic Socialist Party (, PSDI), also known as Italian Social Democratic Party, was a social-democratic political party in Italy. The longest serving partner in government for Christian Democracy, the PSDI was an important force in Italian politics, before the 1990s decline in votes and members. The party's founder and longstanding leader was Giuseppe Saragat, who served as President of the Italian Republic from 1964 to 1971. Compared to the like-minded Italian Socialist Party, it was more centrist, at least until Bettino Craxi's leadership, in fact, it identified with the centre-left. After a rightward shift in the 1990s, which led some observers to question the PSDI as a social democratic party, it was expelled from the European Socialist Party. When Enrico Ferri founded with Luigi Preti the current European Liberal Social Democracy (SOLE), which was in favour of an alliance with Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right coalition, the choice was stigmatized by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federation Of The Greens
The Federation of the Greens (, FdV), frequently referred to as Greens (''Verdi''), was a green political party in Italy. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of the Federation of Green Lists and the Rainbow Greens. The FdV was part of the European Green Party and the Global Greens. In July 2021 it was merged into Green Europe. History Background and foundation The Federation of Green Lists was formed in 1984 by leading environmentalists and anti-nuclear activists, notably including Gianni Mattioli, Gianfranco Amendola, Massimo Scalia and Alexander Langer. The party made its debut at the 1987 general election and obtained 2.6% of the vote, gaining 13 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and two senators. Later that year, the Greens successfully campaigned for three referendums aimed at stopping nuclear power in Italy, which had been proposed by the left-liberal Radical Party and was eventually supported by the country's three main parties ( Christian Democrats, Communis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Liberal Party
The Italian Liberal Party (, PLI) was a liberal political party in Italy. The PLI, which was heir to the liberal currents of both the Historical Right and the Historical Left, was a minor party after World War II, but also a frequent junior party in government, especially after 1979. It originally represented the right-wing of the Italian liberal movement, while the Italian Republican Party the left-wing. The PLI disintegrated in 1994 following the fallout of the '' Tangentopoli'' corruption scandal and was succeeded by several minor parties. The party's most influential leaders were Giovanni Giolitti, Benedetto Croce and Giovanni Malagodi. History Origins The origins of liberalism in Italy are with the Historical Right, a parliamentary group formed by Camillo Benso di Cavour in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia, following the 1848 revolution. The group was moderately conservative and supported centralised government, restricted suffrage, regressive taxati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
