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Legion Of The Just Ruler
The Legion of the Just Ruler (, ; APRA) or the Legion of Ratu Adil was a pro- Dutch militia and private army established in the aftermath of the Indonesian National Revolution. It was founded by the former KNIL Captain Raymond Westerling following his demobilisation on 15 January 1949. The militia's name was derived from a passage from the medieval ''Book of Prophecies of Joyo Boyo'' which prophesied the coming of a Just Ruler () who would be of Turkish descent and come to save the people of Java and establish universal peace and justice. With his mixed Turkish heritage in mind, Westerling used the myth of the Just Ruler to create a following. Westerling claimed to be fighting to preserve the component states of the federal Republic of the United States of Indonesia against what he perceived as the Javanese-dominated unitary Republic of Indonesia led by Sukarno and Hatta. APRA was recruited from several anti-Republican factions including former Republican guerrillas, fighter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands
, Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of Provinces of the Netherlands, twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares Maritime boundary, maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium. The official language is Dutch language, Dutch, with West Frisian language, West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English_language, English, and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean Netherlands, Caribbean territories. The people who are from the Netherlands is often referred to as Dutch people, Dutch Ethnicity, Ethnicity group, not to be confused by the language. ''Netherlands'' literally means "lower countries" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambonese People
The Ambonese (Ambonese Malay, Ambonese: ''Orang Ambon'') are an ethnic group of mixed Austronesian peoples, Austronesian and Melanesian peoples, Melanesian origin from Ambon Island in Maluku (province), Maluku, an island group in Indonesia located between Sulawesi and New Guinea. They also live on the southwest of Seram Island, which is part of the Moluccas, Java, Western New Guinea, and other regions of Indonesia. Additionally, there are about 35,000 Ambonese people living in the Netherlands. By the end of the 20th century, there were 258,331 (2007 census) Ambonese people living in Ambon, Maluku. The Ambonese are largely Muslims, Muslim and Christians, Christian. Language The dominant language is Ambonese Malay, also known as Ambonese. It developed as a trade language in central Maluku and is spoken as a second language elsewhere in Maluku. Many Ambonese people speak Indonesian language, Indonesian, especially around Ambon City. Religion The predominant religions of the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colony Of Singapore
The Colony of Singapore was a Crown colony of the United Kingdom that encompassed what is modern-day Singapore from 1946 to 1959. During this period, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Crown Colony of Labuan, Labuan were also administered from Singapore. Singapore had Founding years of modern Singapore, previously been established as a British colony since 1824, and had been governed as part of the Straits Settlements since 1826. The colony was created when the Straits Settlements was dissolved shortly after the Japanese occupation of Singapore ended in 1945. The power of the British Government was vested in the List of governors of Singapore#Governors of Singapore (1946–1959), governor of Singapore. The colony eventually gained partial internal self-governance in 1955, and lasted until the establishment of the State of Singapore in 1958, with full internal self-governance granted in 1959. After a few years of self-governance, Singapore went on to merge with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Sadikin
Ali Sadikin (7 July 1926 – 20 May 2008) was an Indonesian politician who served as the fourth governor of Jakarta from 1966 until 1977. Prior to becoming governor, he served as Minister of Transportation from 1963 until 1966 and Coordinating Minister for Marine Affairs from 1964 until 1966. He also served as Chairman of the Football Association of Indonesia from 1977 until 1981. Born to parents of ethnic- Sundanese descent, Ali attended the Semarang Shipping Science Polytechnic during the Japanese occupation period. During the Indonesian National Revolution, he joined the People's Security Agency Navy, the predecessor to the Indonesian Navy, and fought against the Dutch during Operation Product and Operation Kraai. Following the end of the national revolution, Ali remained in the navy and fought against the Permesta rebel movement in the late 1950s. In 1963, he was appointed Minister of Transportation by President Sukarno. A year later, he was appointed coordinating min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamengkubuwono IX
Shri#South and Southeast Asia, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (Javanese script, Hanacaraka: ; 12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988), often abbreviated as HB IX, was an Indonesian politician and Javanese people, Javanese royal who was the second Vice President of Indonesia, vice president of Indonesia, the ninth Sultanate of Yogyakarta, sultan of Yogyakarta, and the first governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Hamengkubuwono IX was also the chairman of the first National Scout Movement Quarter and was known as the Father of the Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, Indonesian Scouts. Early life and education Early life Born as Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun, in Sompilan, Ngasem, Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX was the ninth son of Prince Gusti Pangeran Puruboyo —later titled Hamengkubuwono VIII— with his consort, Raden Ajeng Kustilah. When he was four, he was sent away to live with the Mulder family, a Dutch family which lived in the Gondokusuman area. While living with the Mulder family, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of The United States Of Indonesia Cabinet
The Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet () was established as a result of the formation of the United States of Indonesia following the transfer of sovereignty from the Dutch colonial power. It lasted less than a year before Indonesia became a unitary state. Background President Sukarno, the president of the United States of Indonesia, appointed Mohammad Hatta, Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung, Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX and Sultan Hamid II to choose the cabinet of the new country. Two days later, on 20 December 1949, the cabinet was sworn in, and a week later formally accepted the sovereignty of the nation from the Dutch.Feith (2007) p46 Composition Only five cabinet members came from the outside the federal state of the Republic of Indonesia. Hatta worked hard to ensure that ministers were appointed based on competence, rather than party affiliation, and four of the ministers from the Republic of Indonesia did not belong to any party. In practice, Hatta had a very d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandung
Bandung is the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, the city is the List of Indonesian cities by population, fourth-most populous city and fourth largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, and Medan. Greater Bandung (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Area / BBMA) is the country's second-largest and second most populous List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia, metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants. Situated above sea level (the highest point in the North area is at an altitude of , and the lowest in the South at above sea level), approximately southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other List of cities in Indonesia, Indonesian cities. The city lies in a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provide a natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to Bandung. The D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APRA Coup D'état
APRA or Apra may refer to: Places *Apra, Punjab, a census town city in Jalandhar District of Punjab, India * Apra Harbor, the main port of Guam Acronyms * American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana), a Peruvian political party * Association for Peace and Reconciliation in Araucanía (Asociación para la Paz y la Reconciliación en La Araucanía), a Chilean political movement * American Privacy Rights Act, proposed data privacy legislation in the United States * Apra (foundation), an Abkhazian political organization * APRA AMCOS, comprising the Australasian Performing Right Association and Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society * APRA Awards (Australia), Australian music awards * APRA Awards (New Zealand), New Zealand music awards * Australian Professional Rodeo Association * Australian Prudential Regulation Authority * Legion of the Just Ruler, or Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil, a pro-Dutch militia and private army established du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syarif Hamid II Of Pontianak
Sultan Hamid II (born Syarif Abdul Hamid Alkadrie; 12 July 1913 – 30 March 1978) was the 7th Pontianak Sultanate, Sultan of Pontianak and the only President of the State of West Kalimantan from 1946 to its disestablishment in 1950. He was the eldest son of Sultan Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie.Kahin (1952), p. 454-56. He was of mixed Malay Indonesian, Malay-Arab Indonesian, Arab ancestry and was raised by two British nationals — Salome Catherine Fox and Edith Maud Curteis. Syarif Sultan Abdul Hamid Alkadrie was a Ba 'Alawi sada, Ba 'Alawi Sayyid and his lineage is recorded as follows: He is Abd al-Hamid al-Qadri bin Muhammad, bin Yusuf, bin Hamid, bin Uthman, bin Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie, Abd al-Rahman, bin Husayn, bin Ahmad, bin Husayn, bin Muhammad al-Qadri, bin Salim, bin Abd Allah, bin Muhammad, bin Salim, bin Ahmad, bin Abd al-Rahman, bin Ali, bin Muhammad Jamal al-Layl, bin Hasan, bin Muhammad Asad Allah, bin Hasan al-Turabi, bin Ali, bin Muhammad al-Faqih al-Muqaddam, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontianak Sultanate
The Pontianak Kadriyah Sultanate ( Jawi: ) was a Malay state that existed on the western coast of the island of Borneo from the late 18th century until its disestablishment in 1950. It was founded in 1771 by Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Ibni Alhabib Husein bin Ahmad Alkadrie, allegedly a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali, in the area of the mouth of the triple junction of the small Kapuas River and the porcupine river which included a small area ceded by the Sultan of Banten to the Dutch VOC. He had two political marriages in Kalimantan, the first to the princess of the Mempawah Kingdom, Utin Chandramidi, and the second in 1768 to Ratu Syahranum ( Ratoe Sarib Anom) of the Banjar Sultanate (daughter or brother of Sultan Saat/Sulaiman Saidullah I), earning him the title Pangeran Nur Alam. The sultanate was located at the mouth of the Kapuas River in what is today the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, and the sultan's residential palace was situated in what later grew to beco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Netherlands Army
The Royal Netherlands Army (, KL) is the Ground warfare, land branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces. Though the Royal Netherlands Army was raised on 9 January 1814, its origins date back to 1572, when the was raised making the Dutch standing army one of the oldest in the world. It fought in the Napoleonic Wars, World War II, the Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian War of Independence and the Korean War, as well as served with NATO on the Cold War frontiers in West Germany from the 1950s to the 1990s. Since 1990, the army has been sent into the Iraq War (from 2003) and into the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), War in Afghanistan, as well as deployed in several United Nations' peacekeeping missions (notably with UNIFIL in Lebanon, UNPROFOR in Bosnia-Herzegovina and MINUSMA in Mali). The tasks of the Royal Netherlands Army are laid out in the Constitution of the Netherlands: defend the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (including the Dutch Caribbean) and all of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korps Speciale Troepen
(KST; 'Special Forces Corps') was a Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) special forces unit that was established for deployment against the Indonesian revolutionaries during the Indonesian National Revolution. It was formed in 1948 with the (DST; 'Special Forces Depot') at its core and disbanded alongside the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army in 1950, by which time it had been renamed to the (RST; 'Special Forces Regiment'). The DST consisted of about 570 men at its establishment in 1945 and had a precursor in the ('Insulindia Corps') that conducted clandestine operations during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies. In June 1949, 250 men of the 1st Parachute Company were integrated into the Corps. The KST, which would reach a maximum strength of 1250 men, was composed of Dutch war volunteers (OVWs), Eurasians and native soldiers, including Moluccans. The present day (KCT; 'Commando Corps') of the Royal Netherlands Army is considered a continuation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
