|
Lecidea Vainioi
''Brianaria sylvicola'' is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Psoraceae. It is also the type species of genus ''Brianaria''. Taxonomy The species was first named ''Lecidea sylvicola'' by Julius von Flotow in 1829. This name, however, was not published validly because it did not follow the conventions of the code for botanical nomenclature; namely, it did not provide a diagnosis or reference to a validly published diagnosis. Gustav Wilhelm Körber published the species validly in 1855. In 2014, Stefan Ekman and Måns Svensson circumscribed the genus ''Brianaria '' to contain four closely related species formerly in the ''Micarea sylvicola'' group, and made ''Brianaria sylvicola'' the type species. Description ''Brianaria sylvicola'' is a crustose lichen that grows on rocks. It prefers acidic rocks, particularly those that are in the shade and protected from the rain. Occasionally, the lichen is found growing on other substrates, such as wood or rusted iron. No liche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flot
{{disambig ...
Flot or FLOT may refer to: * Forward Line of Own Troops, a technical expression for a military front line * ''Flot.'', taxonomic author abbreviation of Julius von Flotow (1788–1856), German botanist specialized in lichenology and bryology See also * First law of thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes. It distinguishes in principle two forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work for a system of a constant amou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In biological taxonomy, circumscription is the content of a taxon, that is, the delimitation of which subordinate taxa are parts of that taxon. If we determine that species X, Y, and Z belong in Genus A, and species T, U, V, and W belong in Genus B, those are our circumscriptions of those two genera. Another systematist might determine that T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z all belong in genus A. Agreement on circumscriptions is not governed by the Codes of Zoological or Botanical Nomenclature, and must be reached by scientific consensus. A goal of biological taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxon. This goal conflicts, at times, with the goal of achieving a natural classification that reflects the evolutionary history of divergence of groups of organisms. Balancing these two goals is a work in progress, and the circumscriptions of many taxa that had been regarded as stable for decades are in upheaval in the light of rapid developments in molecular phylogene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Species
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches ( fruticose); flat leaf-like structures ( [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanorales
The Lecanorales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The order contains 26 families, 269 genera, and 5695 species. Families * Aphanopsidaceae * Biatorellaceae * Brigantiaeaceae * Bruceomycetaceae * Carbonicolaceae * Catillariaceae * Cladoniaceae * Crocyniaceae * Dactylosporaceae * Gypsoplacaceae * Haematommataceae * Lecanoraceae * Malmideaceae * Pachyascaceae * Parmeliaceae * Pilocarpaceae * Psilolechiaceae * Psoraceae * Ramalinaceae * Ramboldiaceae * Scoliciosporaceae * Sphaerophoraceae * Stereocaulaceae * Tephromelataceae * Vezdaeaceae Genera of uncertain placement There are several genera in the Lecanorales that have not been placed with certainty into any family. These are: *''Coronoplectrum'' – 1 sp. *''Ivanpisutia'' – 1 sp. *'' Joergensenia'' – 1 sp. *'' Myochroidea'' – 4 spp. *''Neopsoromopsis ''Neopsoromopsis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi of uncertain famili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thin-layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of an inert substrate such as glass, plastic, or aluminium foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, usually silica gel, aluminium oxide (alumina), or cellulose. This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase. After the sample has been applied on the plate, a solvent or solvent mixture (known as the mobile phase) is drawn up the plate via capillary action. Because different analytes ascend the TLC plate at different rates, separation is achieved. It may be performed on the analytical scale as a means of monitoring the progress of a reaction, or on the preparative scale to purify small amounts of a compound. TLC is an analytical tool widely used because of its simplicity, relative low cost, high sensitivity, and speed of separation. TLC functions on the same principle as all chromatography: a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives. A substrate can include biotic or abiotic materials and animals. For example, encrusting algae that lives on a rock (its substrate) can be itself a substrate for an animal that lives on top of the algae. Inert substrates are used as growing support materials in the hydroponic cultivation of plants. In biology substrates are often activated by the nanoscopic process of substrate presentation. In agriculture and horticulture * Cellulose substrate * Expanded clay aggregate (LECA) * Rock wool * Potting soil * Soil In animal biotechnology Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture are the same as described for plant cell, tissue and organ culture (In Vitro Culture Techniques: The Biotechnological Principles). Desirable requirements are (i) air conditioning of a room, (ii) hot room with temperature recorder, (iii) microsc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acidic Rock
Acidic rock or acid rock refers to the chemical composition of igneous rocks that has 63% wt% SiO2 content. Rocks described as acidic usually contain more than 20% of free quartz. Typical acidic rocks are granite or rhyolite. Term is used in chemical classification of igneous rock based on the content of silica (SiO2). Due to the fact that chemical analyzes are not always available, especially during the fieldwork, classification based on the mineral (modal) composition is more often used (dividing the igneous rocks into felsic/leucocratic, mafic/melanocratic and ultramafic). The term "silicic", widely used in North America, has wider meaning, however, is often used as broadly synonymous with "acidic". Terms describing composition of igneous rocks as acidic or basic evolved during the 19th century. It was based on the idea that high silica rocks are acidic and on the contrary the rocks with low silica content are basic. Although this idea is erroneous in a chemical sense (acidic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crustose Lichen
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex. The medulla fastens the lichen to the substrate and is made up of fungal hyphae. The surface of crustose lichens is characterized by branching cracks that periodically close in response to climatic variations such as alternate wetting and drying regimes. Subtypes * Powdery – considered as the simplest subtype due to the absence of an organized thallus. :The thallus appears powdery. :E.g. Genera '' Lepraria'', ''Vezdaea'' * Endolithic – grows inside the rock, usually in interstitial spaces between mineral grains. The :upper cortex is usually developed. :E.g. Genus '' Lecidea'' * Epi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micarea
''Micarea'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. The widely distributed genus contains 126 species and new species are described actively. Species in the genus are crustose lichens and their photobiont (the non-fungal organism) is a single-celled green alga. Taxonomy ''Micarea'' was circumscribed by Elias Magnus Fries in his 1825 work ''Systema Orbis Vegetabilis''. There have been some taxonomic disputes about the genus. Nowadays, the genus is accepted, although it is paraphyletic and in need of further research. ''Micarea prasina'' is the type species of the genus. Reproduction Lichenized fungi have developed diverse reproduction strategies. The microlichen genus ''Micarea'' is an excellent model for studying the effects of reproductive traits and environmental factors on speciation because it shows intricate variation in substrate requirements and reproduction modes. Certain ''Micarea'' species are generalists and able to grow on various substrata, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Wilhelm Körber
Gustav Wilhelm Körber (10 January 1817, Hirschberg – 27 January 1885, Breslau) was a German lichenologist. He studied natural sciences in Breslau and Berlin, obtaining his PhD in 1839 with the thesis ''De gonidiis lichenum''. After graduation, he served as an instructor at the "Elisabethanum" in Breslau, and from 1862, worked as a private teacher. In 1873 he became an associate professor at the University of Breslau.JSTOR Global Plants (biography) Best known for his investigations of lichen species native to Silesia, he also examined specimens found in central and southeastern Europe as well as lichen collected from |
International Code Of Nomenclature For Algae, Fungi, And Plants
The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants".. It was formerly called the ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' (ICBN); the name was changed at the International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in July 2011 as part of the ''Melbourne Code''. which replaced the ''Vienna Code'' of 2005. The current version of the code is the ''Shenzhen Code'' adopted by the International Botanical Congress held in Shenzhen, China, in July 2017. As with previous codes, it took effect as soon as it was ratified by the congress (on 29 July 2017), but the documentation of the code in its final form was not published until 26 June 2018. The name of the ''Code'' is partly capitalized and partly not. The lower-case for "algae, fungi, and plants" indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
