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Latin Turned Alpha
The Latin turned alpha, also known as the turned script A (uppercase: Ɒ, lowercase: ɒ), is an additional letter of the Latin script, based on letters A and Latin alpha (Ɑ). Its lowercase variant is used in International Phonetic Alphabet, Americanist phonetic notation, Uralic Phonetic Alphabet, Teuthonista, Swedish Dialect Alphabet, Dania, and Norvegia transcriptions. Its uppercase variant is used in the Americanist phonetic notation. The letter also appears in Belter Creole, a constructed language made by Nick Farmer for ''The Expanse'' television sci-fi series. Usage In the 1890s, Philipp Lenz used the turned alpha in his phonetic transcription to represent a very short vowel A. In Uralic Phonetic Alphabet, Swedish Dialect Alphabet, Dania, and Norvegia transcriptions, the lowercase letter is used to represent the near-open central vowel sound ().Manne Eriksson, ''Svensk ljudskrift 1878–1960: En översikt över det svenska landsmålsalfabetets utveckling och användni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Script
The Latin script, also known as Roman script, is an alphabetic writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greece, Greek city of Cumae, in southern Italy (Magna Grecia). It was adopted by the Etruscan civilization, Etruscans and subsequently by the Ancient Rome, Romans. Several Latin-script alphabets exist, which differ in graphemes, collation and phonetic values from the classical Latin alphabet. The Latin script is the basis of the International Phonetic Alphabet, and the 26 most widespread letters are the letters contained in the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Latin script is the basis for the largest number of alphabets of any writing system and is the List of writing systems by adoption, most widely adopted writing system in the world. Latin script is used as the standard method of writing for most Western and Central, and some Eastern, European languages as well as many languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nick Farmer
Nick Farmer is a science fiction writer and linguist based in Oakland, California, United States. He is a polyglot able to speak in 14 languages. He had created 3 constructed languages for science fiction television series: Belter Creole for '' The Expanse'', and Trill and Barzan for '' Star Trek: Discovery''. History Youth and education Nick Farmer was inspired to become a linguist by his godfather, Kenneth L. Hale, and his mother, respectively a linguistics teacher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his student. As a child, he moved a couple of times, getting to grow up with a few different languages and dialects in his surroundings, eventually making him interested in linguistics. He studied linguistics at the Rutgers University and University of California in Berkeley. He also become a polyglot able to speak in 14 languages. Constructed languages Around 2010, while in a bar, he met George R. R. Martin, the author of the ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' novel series, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transformation Of Text
Transformations of text are strategies to perform geometric transformations on text (reversal, rotations, etc.), particularly in systems that do not natively support transformation, such as HTML, seven-segment displays and plain text. Implementation Many systems, such as HTML, seven-segment displays and plain text, do not support transformation of text. In the case of HTML, this limitation in display may eventually be addressed through standard cascading style sheets (CSS), since proposed specifications for CSS3 include rotation for block elements. In the meantime, several ways of producing the visual effects of text transformations have come into use. The most common of these transformations are rotation and reflection. Unicode supports a variety of characters that resemble transformed characters, primarily for various forms of phonetic transcription. Each of these character names indicates what kind of transformation the characters have undergone: *Reversed characters, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice (phonetics)
Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants). Speech sounds can be described as either voiceless (otherwise known as ''unvoiced'') or voiced. The term, however, is used to refer to two separate concepts: *Voicing can refer to the ''articulatory process'' in which the vocal folds vibrate, its primary use in phonetics to describe phones, which are particular speech sounds. *It can also refer to a classification of speech sounds that tend to be associated with vocal cord vibration but may not actually be voiced at the articulatory level. That is the term's primary use in phonology: to describe phonemes; while in phonetics its primary use is to describe phones. For example, voicing accounts for the difference between the pair of sounds associated with the English letters "s" and "z". The two sounds are transcribed as and to distinguish them from the English letters, which have several possible pronunciatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Back Unrounded Vowel
The open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is A. The letter is called ''script a'' because it lacks the extra hook on top of a printed letter ''a'', which corresponds to a different vowel, the open front unrounded vowel. ''Script a'', which has its linear stroke on the bottom right, should not be confused with ''turned script a'', , which has its linear stroke on the top left and corresponds to a rounded version of this vowel, the open back rounded vowel. The open back unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the pharyngeal approximant . with the non-syllabic diacritic and are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound. In some languages (such as Azerbaijani, Estonian, Luxembourgish and Toda) there is the near-open back unrounded vowel (a sound between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Back Rounded Vowel
The open back rounded vowel, or low back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . It is called "turned script ''a''", being a rotated version of "script (cursive) ''a''", which is the variant of ''a'' that lacks the extra stroke on top of a "printed ''a''". Turned script ''a'' has its linear stroke on the left, whereas "script ''a''" (for its unrounded counterpart) has its linear stroke on the right. Features Occurrence See also * Turned ''a'' * Index of phonetics articles A * Acoustic phonetics * Active articulator * Affricate * Airstream mechanism * Alexander John Ellis * Alexander Melville Bell * Alfred C. Gimson * Allophone * Alveolar approximant () * Alveolar click () * Alveolar consonant * Alveolar ... Notes References * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near-open Central Vowel
The near-open central vowel, or near-low central vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a rotated lowercase double-barrelled letter a. In English this vowel is most typically transcribed with the symbol , i.e. as if it were open-mid back. That pronunciation is still found in some dialects, but most speakers use a central vowel like or . Much like , is a versatile symbol that is not defined for roundedness and that can be used for vowels that are near-open central, near-open near-front, near-open near-back, open-mid central, open central or an (often unstressed) vowel with variable height, backness and/or roundedness that is produced in that general area. For open central unrounded vowels transcribed with , see open central unrounded vowel. When the usual transcription of the near-open near-front and the near-open near-back variants is different from , they are liste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philipp Lenz (philologist)
Philipp is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: "Philipp" has also been a shortened version of Philippson, a German surname especially prevalent amongst German Jews and Dutch Jews. Surname * Adolf Philipp (1864–1936), German/American actor, composer and playwright * David Philipp, biologist * David Philipp (footballer) (born 2000), German footballer * Elke Philipp (born 1964), German Paralympic equestrian * Elliot Philipp (1915–2010), British gynaecologist and obstetrician * Franz Philipp (1890–1972), German church musician and composer * Julius Philipp (1878–1944), German metal trader * Lutz Philipp (1940–2012), German long-distance runner * Oscar Philipp (1882–1965), German and British metal trader * Paul Philipp (born 1950), Luxembourgian football player and manager * Peter Philipp (1971–2014), German writer and comedian * Robert Philipp (1895–1981), American Impressionist painter Given name * Philipp Bönig (born 1980), Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Expanse (TV Series)
''The Expanse'' is an American science fiction television series developed by Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby for the Syfy network, and is based on the series of novels of the same name by James S. A. Corey. The series is set in a future where humanity has colonized the Solar System. It follows a disparate band of protagonists—United Nations Security Council member Chrisjen Avasarala (Shohreh Aghdashloo), police detective Josephus Miller (Thomas Jane), ship's officer James Holden ( Steven Strait) and his crew—as they unwittingly unravel and place themselves at the center of a conspiracy that threatens the system's fragile state of cold war, while dealing with existential crises brought forth by newly discovered alien technology. ''The Expanse'' has received critical acclaim, with particular praise for its visuals, character development and political narrative. It received a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and three Saturn Award nominations for Best Science Fictio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constructed Language
A constructed language (sometimes called a conlang) is a language whose phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, instead of having developed naturally, are consciously devised for some purpose, which may include being devised for a work of fiction. A constructed language may also be referred to as an artificial, planned or invented language, or (in some cases) a fictional language. ''Planned languages'' (or engineered languages/engelangs) are languages that have been purposefully designed; they are the result of deliberate, controlling intervention and are thus of a form of ''language planning''. There are many possible reasons to create a constructed language, such as to ease human communication (see international auxiliary language and code); to give fiction or an associated constructed setting an added layer of realism; for experimentation in the fields of linguistics, cognitive science, and machine learning; for artistic creation; and for language games. Some people may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Alpha
Latin alpha (majuscule: Ɑ, minuscule: ɑ) or script a is a letter of the Latin alphabet based on one lowercase form of a, or on the Greek lowercase alpha (α). Usage Although is normally just an allograph of , there are instances in which the two letters must be carefully distinguished: * In the International Phonetic Alphabet, represents an open back unrounded vowel, while represents an open front unrounded vowel. It has the shape of a script-a. * Also in the General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages, usually represents an open back unrounded vowel, while represents an open front unrounded vowel. The former is used in the orthographies of several languages of Cameroon, including: ** Fe'fe' ** Mbembe ** Mbo (?): but not Akoose, though it does have phonemes /aa/ and /ɑɑ/; nor Bakaka. ** in some languages, the script-a form (also called literacy form) of the letter , with the lowercase much like the IPA , is used and should not be confused with the Latin alpha of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belter Creole
Belter Creole, also simply known as Belter, is a constructed language developed by the linguist and polyglot Nick Farmer for '' The Expanse'' television series. In the universe, it was spoken by Belters, inhabitants of the asteroid belt and outer planets of the Solar System. Farmer was commissioned to create the language during the productions of the first season of the show, between 2014 and 2015. While developing the language, he had modeled it as a creole based on English, with influence of other languages from all around the world, including Romance languages such as Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian, Germanic languages such as German, Dutch and Swedish, Slavic languages such as Polish, Russian and Ukrainian, as well as Japanese, Chinese, Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, Zulu and others. As the result of his work, Farmer had created over 1000 words for his language, adding more to the list if requested by the show's producers and fans. Development The concep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
