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Landtag Of Bavaria
The Landtag of Bavaria, officially known in English as the Bavarian State Parliament, is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Bavaria. The parliament meets in the Maximilianeum in Munich. Elections to the Landtag are held every five years and have to be conducted on a Sunday or public holiday. The following elections have to be held no earlier than 59 months and no later than 62 months after the previous one, unless the Landtag is dissolved. The most recent elections to the Bavarian Landtag were held on 8 October 2023. Bavaria's current state government, the third Söder cabinet, was formed after the 2023 election and is a coalition of the Christian Social Union (CSU) and the Free Voters (FW). An identical coalition was in power as the second Söder cabinet between 2018 and 2023. Markus Söder has been Minister-President of Bavaria since March 2018, when he succeeded Horst Seehofer. History File:Medal Bavarian Constitution 1819, obv.jpg, Presentation m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Söder Cabinet
The Second Söder cabinet was the state government of Bavaria from November 2018 to late 2023. It was sworn in on 12 November 2018, after Markus Söder was elected as List of ministers-president of Bavaria, Minister-President of Bavaria by the members of the Landtag of Bavaria. It was the 27th Cabinet of Bavaria. It was formed after the 2018 Bavarian state election, by the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, Christian Social Union (CSU) and Free Voters of Bavaria, Free Voters (FW). Excluding the Minister-President, the cabinet comprised fourteen ministers and three state secretaries. Eleven ministers and two state secretaries were members of the CSU and three ministers and one state secretary were members of the Free Voters. Formation The previous cabinet was a majority government of the CSU led by Minister-President Markus Söder, who took office in March 2018. The election took place on 14 October 2018; it resulted in the CSU losing its absolute majority and recording its wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of Bavaria
The Bavarian Senate (German ''Bayerischer Senat'') was the corporative upper chamber of Bavaria's parliamentary system from 1946 to 1999, when it was abolished by a popular vote (referendum) changing the Constitution of Bavaria. Composition The 60 members of the Senate had to be at least 40 years of age and could not be a member of the Landtag (the other and more important chamber of the Bavarian parliament). Every other year, a third of the Senate's members would be elected by corporations representing social, economic, municipal or cultural groups or appointed by religious denominations for a term of six years. The number of seats representing each group was fixed by the constitution of Bavaria: * 11 representatives of agriculture or forestry * 5 representatives of industry and commerce * 5 representatives of craftsmen * 11 representatives of unions * 4 representatives of professions * 5 representatives of cooperatives * 5 representatives of religious denominations * 5 r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law On The Reconstruction Of The Reich
The Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich () of 30 January 1934, was a sweeping constitutional change to the structure of the German state by the government of Nazi Germany. It was one of the key pieces of legislation that served as the basis for the policy of '' Gleichschaltung'', or coordination, by which Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party successfully established their totalitarian control over all aspects of the German government and society. The law abolished the independent parliaments (''Landtage'') of the then-extant 16 German states, transferred the states' sovereignty to the central government and essentially converted Germany from a federal republic to a highly centralized unitary state. Background Germany long had a federal system of government composed of numerous independent states (). The German Empire (1871–1918) contained 25 such States of the German Empire, states. Twenty-two were hereditary monarchies consisting of four monarchy, kingdoms, six grand duchies, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gleichschaltung
The Nazi term (), meaning "synchronization" or "coordination", was the process of Nazification by which Adolf Hitler—leader of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, Germany—established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society "from the Economy of Nazi Germany, economy and German Labour Front, trade associations to the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, media, Reich Chamber of Culture, culture and Reich Ministry of Science, Education and Culture, education". Although the Weimar Constitution remained nominally in effect throughout Government of Nazi Germany, Hitler's dictatorship, near total Nazification was achieved by 1935 with the resolutions approved during that year's Nuremberg Rally, fusing the symbols of the party and the state (see Flag of Nazi Germany) and depriving German Jews of their citizenship (see Nuremberg Laws). The tenets of ''Gleichschaltung'', including the Nuremberg Laws, also applied to German-o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Seizure Of Power
The rise to power of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, began in the newly established Weimar Republic in September 1919, when Hitler joined the '' Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' (DAP; German Workers' Party). He quickly rose to a place of prominence and became one of its most popular speakers. In an attempt to more broadly appeal to larger segments of the population and win over German workers, the party name was changed to the ''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' (NSDAP; National Socialist German Workers' Party), commonly known as the Nazi Party, and a new platform was adopted. Hitler was made the party leader in 1921 after he threatened to otherwise leave. By 1922, his control over the party was unchallenged. The Nazis were a right-wing party, but in the early years they also had anti-capitalist and anti-bourgeois elements. Hitler later initiated a purge of these elements and reaffirmed the Nazi Party's pro-business stance. This included killing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was the German Reich, German state from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic. The period's informal name is derived from the city of Weimar, which hosted the constituent assembly that established its government. In English, the republic was usually simply called "Germany", with "Weimar Republic" (a term introduced by Adolf Hitler in 1929) not commonly used until the 1930s. The Weimar Republic had a semi-presidential system. Toward the end of the First World War (1914–1918), Germany was exhausted and suing for peace, sued for peace in desperate circumstances. Awareness of imminent defeat sparked a German Revolution of 1918–1919, revolution, Abdication of Wilhelm II, the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, the proclamation of the Weimar Republic on 9 November 1918, and formal cessa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Councillors (Bavaria)
The House of Councillors () was the upper house of the ''Landtag'' of the Kingdom of Bavaria during its existence both as an independent state and as a federal subject of the German Empire. The House of Councillors was established by the 1818 Constitution of the Kingdom, and its composition and powers remained unchanged until its abolition under the 1919 . History Modeled after the British House of Lords, the House of Councillors was intended to serve as an intermediary between the Crown and the Chamber of Deputies, and formally served as the lower house's equal. Its members comprised the aristocracy and noblemen, including the royal princes, holders of the crown offices, archbishops, members of the mediatized houses in Bavaria and hereditary and lifelong nominees of the crown. The House of Councillors held its sessions in secret, which is one of the reasons why it received little public attention during the Vormärz in Bavaria. Recent research suggests that the power of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Bavaria
The Kingdom of Bavaria ( ; ; spelled ''Baiern'' until 1825) was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1806 and continued to exist until 1918. With the unification of Germany into the German Empire in 1871, the kingdom became a federated state of the new empire and was second in size, power, and wealth only to the leading state, the Kingdom of Prussia. The polity's foundation dates back to the ascension of Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach as King of Bavaria in 1806. The crown continued to be held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom came to an end in 1918. Most of the border of modern Germany's Free State of Bavaria was established after 1814 with the Treaty of Paris, in which the Kingdom of Bavaria ceded Tyrol and Vorarlberg to the Austrian Empire while receiving Aschaffenburg and Würzburg. In 1918, Bavaria became a republic after the German Revolution, and the kingdom was thus succeeded by the current Free State of Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Bavaria
The Constitution of the Free State of Bavaria was enacted on 8 December 1946. It is the fourth constitutional document in Bavarian history after the Constitution of 1808, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1818 and the Bamberg Constitution of 1919. The June 1946 Bavarian state election, first state elections after the Second World War were held on 30 June 1946, when 180 members of a Constituent Assembly were chosen. The constituent assembly was tasked with drafting a new Bavarian constitution and passed a first draft for a constitution on 20 September 1946. After the Office of Military Government, United States, American military government vetoed some provision, a final draft was passed with 136–14 votes on 26 October 1946. The new constitution was accepted by a public vote on 1 December 1946, the same day as the December 1946 Bavarian state election, state election for the first Bavarian State Parliament after the 2nd World War. The constitution entered into forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maximilian I Joseph Of Bavaria
Maximilian I Joseph (; 27 May 1756 – 13 October 1825) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1795 to 1799, prince-elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph) from 1799 to 1806, then King of Bavaria (as Maximilian I Joseph) from 1806 to 1825. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Early life Maximilian, the son of the Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Maria Francisca of Sulzbach, was born on 27 May 1756 at Schwetzingen, between Heidelberg and Mannheim. After the death of his father of testicular cancer in 1767, he was left at first without parental supervision, since his mother had been banished from her husband's court after giving birth to a son fathered by an actor. Maximilian was carefully educated under the supervision of his uncle, Duke Christian IV of Zweibrücken, who settled him in the Hôtel des Deux-Ponts. He became Count of Rappoltstein in 1776 and took service in 1777 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
