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Land Reform In North Vietnam
Land reform in North Vietnam (Vietnamese: ''Cải cách ruộng đất tại miền Bắc Việt Nam'') was a major campaign by the Communist government of North Vietnam between 1953 and 1956. The goal was to take land from landlords and give it to poor farmers. Influenced by China’s example, the reform included land redistribution, rent reduction, and class struggle. Many landlords were accused of crimes, publicly criticized, imprisoned, or executed. The campaign caused fear and division in villages, and thousands of mistakes were later admitted by the government. In 1956, a “Rectification of Errors” campaign was launched to correct these problems. Despite its violence, the reform changed rural society and helped the government gain control over the countryside. Background The project of land reform in North Vietnam was a product of the interplay of complex internal and external factors. On 9 March 1945, several years after occupation in Indochina, Japan instigated a mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Reform
Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution. Land reform is often considered a contentious process, as land is a key driver of a wide range of social, political and economic outcomes. The structure and distribution of land rights has been linked to state formation, economic growth, inequality, political violence, and identity politics, making land reform highly consequential for the long-term structures of society. Overview Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution, generally of agricultural land. Land reform can, therefore, refer to transfer of ownership from the more powerful to the less powerful, such as from a relatively small number of wealthy or noble owners with extensive land holdings (e.g., plantations, large ranches, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Revolution
A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism. Depending on the type of government, the term socialism can be used to indicate an intermediate stage between capitalism and communism and may be the goal of the revolution, especially in Marxist–Leninist views. The idea that a proletarian revolution is needed is a cornerstone of Marxism; Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class. Thus, in the Marxist view, proletarian revolutions need to happen in countries all over the world. Theory Karl Marx saw revolution as a necessity for communism, where the revolution would be based on class struggle led by the organised proletariat to overthrow capitalism and the bourgeoisie, followed by the establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat. Leninism argues that a communist revolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War History (journal)
''Cold War History'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of the Cold War. It was established in 2000 and is published by Routledge. The Managing Editors are Harriet Solomon (London School of Economics and Political Science) and Mina Rigby-Thompson (University of London). The journal is abstracted and indexed in America: History and Life, CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, Historical Abstracts, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2014 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 0.357. References External links * English-language journals Quarterly journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessment to form Cambridge University Press and Assessment under Queen Elizabeth II's approval in August 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 countries, it published over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publications include more than 420 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also published Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Sports and Social Centre. It also served as the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press, as part of the University of Cambridge, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edwin E
The name Edwin means "wealth-friend". It comes from (wealth, good fortune) and (friend). Thus the Old English form is Ēadwine, a name widely attested in early medieval England. Edwina is the feminine form of the name. Notable people and characters with the name include: Historical figures * Edwin of Northumbria (died 632 or 633), King of Northumbria and Christian saint * Edwin (son of Edward the Elder) (died 933) * Eadwine of Sussex (died 982), Ealdorman of Sussex * Eadwine of Abingdon (died 990), Abbot of Abingdon * Edwin, Earl of Mercia (died 1071), brother-in-law of Harold Godwinson (Harold II) * Edwin Sandys (bishop) (1519–1588), Archbishop of York Modern era * E. W. Abeygunasekera, Sri Lankan Sinhala politician * Edwin Abbott Abbott (1838–1926), English schoolmaster, theologian, and Anglican priest * Edwin Ariyadasa (1922–2021), Sri Lankan Sinhala journalist * Edwin Arrieta Arteaga (died 2023), Colombian murder victim * Edwin Austin Abbey (1852–191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gareth Porter
Gareth Porter (born June 18, 1942) is an American historian, investigative journalist, author and policy analyst specializing in U.S. national security issues. He was an anti-war activist during the Vietnam War and has written about the potential for peaceful conflict resolution in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. In the late 1970s Porter was a defender of the Khmer Rouge (KR) against charges that the KR was pursuing genocidal policies against the Cambodian people. Porter's books include ''Perils of Dominance: Imbalance of Power and the Road to War in Vietnam'' (2005), his explanation of the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Education and early career Porter was raised as a member of the Church of the Brethren and attended Manchester College in Indiana (a Brethren School) for three years before transferring to the University of Illinois, where he graduated in 1964. He received his master's degree in International Politics from the University of Chicago and his Ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politburo
A politburo () or political bureau is the highest organ of the central committee in communist parties. The term is also sometimes used to refer to similar organs in socialist and Islamist parties, such as the UK Labour Party's NEC or the Political Bureau of Hamas. Politburos are part of the governing structure in most former and existing states. Names The term ''politburo'' in English comes from the Russian ''politbyuro'' (), itself an abbreviation of ''politicheskoye byuro'' ( 'political bureau'). The Spanish term ''Politburó'' is directly loaned from Russian, as is the German ''Politbüro''. Chinese uses a calque (), from which the Vietnamese ( ), and Korean ( ''Jeongchiguk'') terms derive. History The first politburo was created in Russia by the Bolshevik Party in 1917 during the Russian Revolution that occurred during that year. The first Politburo had seven members: Vladimir Lenin, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Grigori Sokol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phạm Văn Đồng
Phạm Văn Đồng (; 1 March 1906 – 29 April 2000) was a Vietnamese politician who served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976. He later served as Prime Minister of Vietnam, following reunification of North and South Vietnam, from 1976 until he retired in 1987 under the presidency of Trường Chinh and Nguyễn Văn Linh. He was considered one of Hồ Chí Minh's closest lieutenants. Pham Van Dong is the longest serving Prime Minister of Vietnam, over 30 years from 1955 to 1987 and a student and close associate of Ho Chi Minh. His nickname is To, this used to be his alias. He was also called Lam Ba Kiet when he worked as Deputy Director of the District Attorney's Office in Guilin (the director was Ho Hoc Lam). Early life According to an official report, Dong was born into a family of civil servants in Đức Tân village, Mộ Đức district, in Quảng Ngãi Province on the central coast on 1 March 1906. In 1925, at the age of 18, he joined fellow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoang Van Chi
Hoàng Văn Chí (1 October 1913 – 6 July 1988) was one of the first modern Vietnamese political writers, a intellectual who was an opponent of colonialism and later of communism in Vietnam. He used the pen name Mạc Định. His book, ''From Colonialism to Communism'', was translated into more than 15 languages. He was born in Thanh Hóa, French Indochina and died in Bowie, Maryland, United States. Life Early life and education Hoàng Văn Chí was educated according to the French system, attending the Lycée Albert Sarraut in Hanoi from 1928 to 1935. Then he went on to the University of Indochina, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in Science in 1940. Already in 1926, at the age of 13, the young Hoàng had joined a protest demanding the end of French occupation which took place at famed nationalist Phan Chu Trinh's funeral. In 1940 he married Lê Hằng Phấn, daughter of the Vietnamese scholar, Sở Cuồng Lê Dư. He was at this time preparing to enter medical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class Conflict
In political science, the term class conflict, class struggle, or class war refers to the economic antagonism and political tension that exist among social classes because of clashing interests, competition for limited resources, and inequalities of power in the socioeconomic hierarchy. In its simplest manifestation, class conflict refers to the ongoing battle between the rich and poor. In the writings of several leftist, socialist, and communist theorists, notably those of Karl Marx, class struggle is a core tenet and a practical means for effecting radical sociopolitical transformations for the majority working class. It is also a central concept within conflict theories of sociology and political philosophy. Class conflict can reveal itself through: * Direct violence, such as assassinations, coups, revolutions, counterrevolutions, and civil wars for control of government, natural resources, and labor; * Indirect violence, such as deaths from poverty, malnutrition, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nhân Dân
''Nhân Dân'' (; , , , ) is the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Vietnam. According to the newspaper, it is “the voice of the Party, the State and the people of Vietnam.” It has a daily circulation of 180,000 copies. Its weekend edition, ''Nhân Dân cuối tuần'' (Literal translation, lit: ''The People Weekend)'', has a circulation of 110,000 copies, and its monthly magazine has a circulation of 130,000 copies. It has an online edition that was started on June 21, 1998. The newspaper was first published on March 11, 1951. Its predecessor was ''Sự Thật'' ("Truth") newspaper, which was set up in the 1940s. Many important figures in the Vietnamese Communist Party worked at Nhân Dân. Trường Chinh and Tố Hữu were editors in chief of the newspaper. Painter Phan Kế An was a regular contributor during the First Indochina War in particular, after he was asked to join the newspaper by Trường Chinh. Current Editor in Chief of Nhân Dân is Lê Quốc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
