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Kreis (Habsburg Monarchy)
A ( ) or 'Circle (administrative division), Circle' was an administrative division of the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire between 1748 and 1867. History Creation After the Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian annexation of History of Silesia#Kingdom of Prussia, the bulk of Silesia following the First Silesian War, First and Second Silesian Wars, it became apparent that Frederick the Great, Frederick II's administrative structures allowed him to take much higher tax revenues from the area. Therefore, in the years following end of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1748, Maria Theresa and Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph II enacted several administrative reforms with Prussia as a model, and the old territorial divisions were converted into new . These reforms were carried out by Maria Theresa's advisor Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz, Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and continued under chancellor Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg, Prince Wenzel Anton von Kaunit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnographic Map Of Austrian Monarchy Czoernig 1855
Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. It explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject of the study. Ethnography is also a type of social research that involves examining the behavior of the participants in a given social situation and understanding the group members' own interpretation of such behavior. As a form of inquiry, ethnography relies heavily on participant observation, where the researcher participates in the setting or with the people being studied, at least in some marginal role, and seeking to document, in detail, patterns of social interaction and the perspectives of participants, and to understand these in their local contexts. It had its origin in social and cultural anthropology in the early twentieth century, but has, since then, spread to other social science disciplines, notably sociology. Ethnographers mainly use Qualitative research, qualitative methods, though they may also include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraj
A '' Kraj'' ( ''kraje'') is the highest-level administrative unit in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. For lack of other English expressions, the Slavic term is often translated as "province", "region", or "territory", although it approximately means "(part of) country", or "(part of) countryside". A ''kraj'' is subdivided into ''okresy'' ("districts"). The first ''kraje'' were created in the Kingdom of Bohemia during the reign of Charles IV in the 14th century and they lasted till 1862/68. ''Kraje'' were reintroduced in 1949 in Czechoslovakia and still exist today (except for the early 1990s) in its successor states despite many rearrangements. In Russia nine of the 85 federal subjects are called krais (, ''kraya''), coequal to oblasts. The toponym Krajina refers to several historical regions in Slavic countries. Kraje in the Czech Republic Kraje in Slovakia Toponymy Kraj is also found as a toponym outside of Czech- and Slovak-speaking areas. * Almaški ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comitatus (Kingdom Of Hungary)
Comitatus may refer to: *Comitatus (warband), a Germanic warband who follow a leader * ''Comitatus'', the office of a Roman or Frankish comes, translated as count. * ''Comitatus'', translated as county, a territory such as governed by medieval counts. * Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), counties in the Kingdom of Hungary * Comitatenses, armies of the late Roman Empire * Posse comitatus (other), various meanings See also * * Retinue, a body of persons "retained" in the service of a noble or royal person {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traunviertel
The Traunviertel is an Austrian region belonging to the state of Upper Austria. It is one of four "quarters" of Upper Austria and its name refers to the river Traun which passes through the area. Region The district includes the Linz-Land, Steyr-Land, Kirchdorf, Gmunden, Steyr, and the city of Linz Linz (Pronunciation: , ; ) is the capital of Upper Austria and List of cities and towns in Austria, third-largest city in Austria. Located on the river Danube, the city is in the far north of Austria, south of the border with the Czech Repub .... Major towns in Traunviertel include the capital of Upper Austria Linz, Gmunden, Kirchdorf an der Krems, and Steyr. References Geography of Upper Austria {{UpperAustria-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mühlviertel
The Mühlviertel () is an Austrian region belonging to the state of Upper Austria: it is one of four "quarters" of Upper Austria, the others being Hausruckviertel, Traunviertel, and Innviertel. It is named after the three rivers ', ', and '. Region The Mühlviertel consists of the four Upper Austrian districts that lie north of the river Danube: Rohrbach, Urfahr-Umgebung, Freistadt and Perg. The parts of the state capital Linz that lie north of the Danube also belong to the Mühlviertel. Geologically it is a part of the Bohemian Massif. Major towns include Rohrbach, Bad Leonfelden, Freistadt and Perg. History The region was the site of a notorious war crime at the end of World War II in which hundreds of starving Soviet POWs escaped from nearby Mauthausen concentration camp and were pursued and murdered around Mühlviertel. The SS referred to the event as the Mühlviertler Hasenjagd ("Mühlviertel rabbit hunt"). During the Allied occupation of Austria An alliance is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hausruckviertel
The Hausruckviertel is one of the four traditional "quarters" () of the Austrian province of Upper Austria Upper Austria ( ; ; ) is one of the nine States of Austria, states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg (state), Salzbur .... The region is named after a range of hills, the Hausruck. Cities in the Hausruckviertel include Wels, Eferding, Grieskirchen, and Vöcklabruck. Notes References * * Geography of Upper Austria {{UpperAustria-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Innviertel
The Innviertel (literally German language, German for "Inn Quarter"; officially called the ; ) is a traditional Austrian region southeast of the Inn (river), Inn river. It forms the western part of the States of Austria, state of Upper Austria and borders the Germany, German state of Bavaria. The Innviertel is one of the four traditional "quarters" of Upper Austria, the others being Hausruckviertel, Mühlviertel, and Traunviertel. The Innviertel is the northwestern quarter of Upper Austria and includes the districts Braunau am Inn District, Braunau am Inn, Ried im Innkreis District, Ried im Innkreis and Schärding District, Schärding. Since the formation of the District Captaincy (Austria), political districts in 1868, the quarters in Upper Austria no longer have a legal basis and are purely regional names. The older Habsburg districts (), which were still based on the old quarters, were superseded. Unlike the rest of Upper Austria, most of the area was part of Duchy of Bavaria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weinviertel
The (; ) or ; "Area below the " is located in the northeast of Lower Austria. In the east, the borders Slovakia at the March River. In the south, it borders and , its limits being the Wagram, the Danube and the . Its western neighbor is , the traditional border being the . In the north, the is adjacent to the Czech Republic, more specifically Moravia. The river Thaya runs back and forth across the border. Viticulture The name is derived from viticulture; it is Austria's largest wine growing area. The most important grape varieties are: * * * * * Geography Other important rivers are , , , , , , and . Beside viticulture and agriculture, other industries contribute to the economy. Most notably, there are some oil field A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrieviertel
''Industrieviertel'' (; ; or ''Viertel unter dem Wienerwald'' (), is the southeastern quarter of the four quarters of Lower Austria (the northeast state of the 9 states in Austria). It is bordered on the north by Vienna and the , to the west by the , and to the south and east by the states of Styria and respectively. The Vienna Woods () forms the natural border to the west, and hence the alternate name as "Quarter below the ". Since the formation of the political districts in 1868, the quarters in Lower Austria no longer have a legal basis and are purely landscape names. Today the industrial Quarter is represented by the districts Vienna Woods (Wienerwald) and the Vienna Alps (Wiener-Alpen). Districts The is made up of the following districts: * * * * * * * Landscape Geographically, the is characterized by the level of the stone field, with its brown earth soils on tertiary molasse, just as the Vienna Basin rests on soils. The landscape in the area of the Vienna B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mostviertel
''Mostviertel'' (; English: Most (wine), Most'' Quarter') is the southwestern quarter of the four quarters of Lower Austria (the northeast state of the 9 states in Austria). It is bordered on the north by the Danube and to the south and west by the state borders of Styria and Upper Austria respectively. The forms the natural border to the east and gives the quarter its second name, "The Quarter over the ". The name comes from the term , which refers to the perry and cider made in the region. The lands between the Rivers and enjoy favorable conditions for growing fruit trees and are therefore the heart of a flourishing most industry. The Perry, Perry tree blossom in April is a regular highlight of the region. Typical in the are vast meadows of mixed orchards surrounding a farmhouse, in the center of which is usually a square courtyard, and the lightly rolling foothills of the Alps. Business and Industry Economy The economy of is still mainly based on iron and steel as w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waldviertel
The ''Waldviertel'' (; ; Central Bavarian: ; ) is the northwestern region of the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is bounded to the south by the river Danube, to the southwest by Upper Austria, to the northwest and to the north by the Czech Republic and to the east by the Manhartsberg (), which is the survey point dividing the from the region. Geologically it is part of the Bohemian Massif. In the south are the Wachau and Kamptal wine regions. Districts The following administrative districts of Lower Austria are considered to be part of the * * * * * * northern part of * statutory city of Krems an der Donau Economy The northern Waldviertel (Forest Region) had been part of the Bohemian region of glasshouses since the 14th century. In historical times, Waldviertel sands were good raw materials for forest glass production, especially for colored glass. Further reading * Birgit Zotz Birgit Zotz (born 7 August 1979) is an Austrian writer, cultural anthropo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Styria
The Duchy of Styria (; ; ) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918. History It was created by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1180 when he raised the March of Styria to a duchy of equal rank with neighbouring Carinthia and Bavaria, after the fall of the Bavarian Duke Henry the Lion earlier that year. Margrave Ottokar IV thereby became the first duke of Styria and also the last of the ancient Otakar dynasty. As Ottokar had no issue, he in 1186 signed the Georgenberg Pact with the mighty House of Babenberg, rulers of Austria since 976, after which both duchies should in perpetuity be ruled in personal union. Upon his death in 1192, Styria as stipulated fell to the Babenberg Leopold V, Duke of Austria. The Austrian Babenbergs became extinct in 1246, when Duke Frederick II was killed in bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
