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Komandarm 1st Rank
1st rank () is the abbreviation to commanding officer of the army 1st class (; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the designation to military personnel appointed to command an army group or front sized formation (XXXXX). Until 1940 it was the second highest military rank of the Red Army. It was equivalent to ''Komissar army 1st rank'' (ru: армейский комиссар 1-ого ранга) of the political staff in all military branches, ''Fleet Flag Officer 1st rank'' (ru: флагман флота 1-ого ранга) in the ''Soviet navy'', or to ''Komissar of state security 1st rank'' (ru: комиссар государственной безопасности 1-ого ранга). With the reintroduction of regular general ranks, the designation ''Komandarm 1st rank'' was abolished, and replaced by General of the Army (OF-9). History By foundation of the Soviet Union the rank designation and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army. In February 1946, the Red Army (which embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces alongside the Soviet Navy) was renamed the "Soviet Army". Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union it was split between the post-Soviet states, with its bulk becoming the Russian Ground Forces, commonly considered to be the successor of the Soviet Army. The Red Army provided the largest land warfare, ground force in the Allies of World War II, Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its Soviet invasion of Manchuria, invasion of Manchuria assisted the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front (military Formation)
A front () is a type of military formation that originated in the Russian Empire, and has been used by the Polish Army, the Red Army, the Soviet Army, and Turkey. It is roughly equivalent to an army group in the military of most other countries. It varies in size but in general contains three to five armies. It should not be confused with the more general usage of '' military front,'' describing a geographic area in wartime. Russian Empire After the outbreak of the First World War, the Russian General Headquarters set up two Fronts: Northwestern Front, uniting forces deployed against German Empire, and Southwestern Front, uniting forces deployed against Austria-Hungary. In August 1915, Northwestern Front was split into Northern Front and Western Front. At the end of 1916 Romanian Front was established, which also included remnants of the Romanian army. In April 1917, Caucasus Front was established by the reorganization of the Caucasus Army. Soviet fronts in the R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semyon Timoshenko
Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (; ; – 31 March 1970) was a Soviet military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union, and one of the most prominent Red Army commanders during the Second World War. Born to a Ukrainian family in Bessarabia, Timoshenko was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army and saw action in the First World War as a cavalryman. On the outbreak of the Russian Revolution he joined the Red Army. He served with distinction during the Russian Civil War and the subsequent Polish–Soviet War, which brought him into Vladimir Lenin's and Joseph Stalin's favour. Rapidly rising through the ranks, Timoshenko held several regional commands throughout the 1930s and survived the Great Purge. He led the Ukrainian Front during the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. In early 1940, Timoshenko took over the command of the Winter War in Finland from Kliment Voroshilov and turned the tide for the Soviets. In May 1940, he was named a Marshal of the Soviet Union and the People ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigory Kulik
Grigory Ivanovich Kulik (; ; 9 November 1890 – 24 August 1950) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union who served as chief of the Red Army's Main Artillery Directorate from 1937 until June 1941. Born into a Ukrainian peasant family near Poltava, Kulik served as an artillery officer in the Imperial Russian Army during the World War I, First World War. On the outbreak of the Russian Revolution, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Bolsheviks and the Red Army. He fought alongside Joseph Stalin at the Battle of Tsaritsyn during the Russian Civil War and quickly became one of Stalin's most favoured generals. In 1937, he was named chief of the Main Artillery Directorate. Kulik had a highly conservative outlook in military technology and theory. He was a strong opponent to Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky's reforms and his deep operations theory, and dismissed innovations such as the T-34 and Kliment Voroshilov tank, KV-1 tanks and the Katyusha rocke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Frinovsky
Mikhail Petrovich Frinovsky (; 7 February 1898 – 4 February 1940) was a Soviet secret police official who served as a deputy head of the NKVD under Nikolai Yezhov during the Great Purge. Frinovsky was a revolutionary during the Russian Revolution and rose through the ranks of the Cheka and its successor agencies. Frinovsky was actively involved in the Great Purge and personally led the mass arrests and executions of security and military officials across the Soviet Union from 1937 to 1938. Frinovsky was made People's Commissar of the Navy of the Soviet Union in 1938 when he was himself removed from power and purged along with Yezhov. Frinovsky was arrested in 1939 on conspiracy charges and executed in 1940. Early life Mikhail Petrovich Frinovsky was born 7 February 1898 in the village of Narovchat in the Penza Governorate of the Russian Empire, into a Russian family. His father was a teacher and he studied in a religious Orthodox school in Krasnoslobodsk prior to World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Fedko
Ivan Fyodorovich Fedko (; ; July 6, 1897 – February 26, 1939) was a Soviet Komandarm 1st rank and army commander. He was born in what is now the Left-bank Ukraine. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before joining the Bolsheviks. During the Russian Civil War, he fought against the White movement army of Abram Dragomirov in Kiev. He was a 4-time recipient of the Order of the Red Banner (1919, twice in 1921, 1924) and the Order of Lenin. He was made a Komandarm 2nd rank in 1935 and a Komandarm 1st rank on February 20, 1938. In 1938, he was awarded the Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army". Fedko joined the Bolsheviks in 1917. He was also a member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the first convocation, member of the Military Council under the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. During the Great Purge, he was arrested on July 7, 1938, charged with participating in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Shaposhnikov
Boris Mikhaylovich Shaposhnikov () ( – 26 March 1945) was a Soviet Union, Soviet military officer, Military theory, theoretician and Marshal of the Soviet Union. He served as the Chief of the General Staff (Russia), Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1928 to 1931 and at the start of the World War II, Second World War. Shaposhnikov was one of the foremost military theorists during the Joseph Stalin, Stalin-era. His most important work, ''Mozg Armii'' ("The Brain of the Army"), is considered a landmark in Soviet military theory and doctrine on the organization of the Red Army's General Staff. Born to a family of Orenburg Cossacks, Orenburg Cossack origins in Zlatoust in the Ural Mountains, Urals, Shaposhnikov was a graduate of the General Staff Academy (Russian Empire), Nicholas General Staff Academy and served in the Imperial Russian Army, reaching the rank of colonel during the World War I, First World War. He supported the Russian Revolution and lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Panfilovich Belov
Ivan Panfilovich Belov (; 27 June 1893 – 29 June 1938) was a Soviet military commander and Komandarm 1st rank. He was a member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (1929–1937), a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the first convocation (1937–1938), and a member of the Military Council under the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. He was executed during the mass purge of the Red Army (July 29, 1938). After Stalin's death, he was rehabilitated (November 26, 1955). Early years He was born in the village of Bolshoye Kalinnikovo in what is now the Cherepovets district in the Vologda Oblast on June 15, 1893. He graduated from the 4th grade of the Vakhonkinsky elementary school, but, due to the poverty of his family, he was forced to interrupt his studies. He worked for hire on the railway, in logging, as a loader in the port of Arkhangelsk. Through self-education, he managed to prepare and pass the examination for the position of teacher at the Cherepo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeronimas Uborevičius
Ieronim Petrovich Uborevich (; ; – 12 June 1937) was a Soviet military commander of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, reaching the rank of komandarm in 1935. He was executed during the Great Purge in June 1937 and was posthumously rehabilitated in 1957. Biography Uborevich was born into a Lithuanian peasant family in the village of Antandraja in the Novoalexandrovsky Uyezd of the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Utena District Municipality, Lithuania). After graduating from the Dvinsk (now Daugavpils) realschule, he attended the Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute before transferring in 1915 to the in Petrograd, from which he graduated in 1916, receiving command of a battery, and later of a company. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (b) in March 1917 and, after the October Revolution of that year, began recruiting Red Guards in Bessarabia. During Operation Faustschlag in February or March 1918 he was injured and taken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iona Yakir
Iona Emmanuilovich Yakir (; 3 August 1896 – 12 June 1937) was a Red Army commander and one of the world's major military reformers between World War I and World War II. He was an early and major military victim of the Great Purge, alongside Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Early years Born in Kishinev, Bessarabia, Russian Empire, into the prosperous family of a Jewish pharmacist, Yakir graduated from the local secondary school in 1914. Because of Imperial Russian governmental restrictions on Jews' access to higher education, Yakir studied abroad at the University of Basel in Switzerland, in the field of chemistry. After the outbreak of World War I (1914), he returned to the Russian Empire and worked as a turner in a military factory in Odessa (he was a reservist). From 1915 to 1917, he attended the Kharkov Technological Institute. Affected by the war, he became a follower of Vladimir Lenin. In 1917, he returned to Kishinev, and in April became a member of the Bolshevik Party. He al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergey Kamenev
Sergey Sergeyevich Kamenev (; April 16 Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. April 4 1881 – August 25, 1936) was a Soviet Union">Soviet military leader who reached Komandarm 1st rank. Kamenev was born in Kiev. In World War I he commanded a regiment in the rank of colonel. He became a member of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1918. In July 1919, Kamenev replaced Jukums Vācietis as Commander-in-chief of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. Kamenev was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR from April 1924 to May 1927. He died of a heart attack on 25 August 1936 following the Trial of the Sixteen, incidentally on the same day that Lev Kamenev (no relation) and Grigory Zinoviev were executed. Early life Kamenev was born in Kiev in a noble family, the son of a mechanical engineer at the Kiev plant "Arsenal", a Colonel of artillery. He dreamed of becoming a surgeon as a child, but ultima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of People's Commissars
The Council of People's Commissars (CPC) (), commonly known as the ''Sovnarkom'' (), were the highest executive (government), executive authorities of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), the Soviet Union (USSR), and the Soviet republics from 1917 to 1946. The Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Sovnarkom of the RSFSR was founded in the Russian Republic soon after the October Revolution in 1917 and its role was formalized in the Soviet Russia Constitution of 1918, 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR to be responsible to the Congress of Soviets of Russia, Congress of Soviets of the RSFSR for the "general administration of the affairs of the state". Unlike its predecessor the Russian Provisional Government which had representatives of various political parties, and except for the brief two-party cabinet with the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries from December 1917 to March 1918, the Sovnarkom was a government of a single p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
