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Komagataeibacter Hansenii
''Komagataeibacter hansenii'' is a species of acetic acid bacteria Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria which Oxidation, oxidize sugars or ethanol and produce acetic acid during Aerobic fermentation, fermentation. The acetic acid bacteria consist of 10 genus, genera in the family Acet ..., notable as the model organism for the biosynthesis of bacterial celluloseRoss, P., Mayer, R., & Benziman, M. (1991) "Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria", ''Microbiological Reviews'', 55(1), 35-58.Römling, U. (2002) "Molecular biology of cellulose production in bacteria", ''Research in microbiology'', 153(4), 205-212. Bacterial cellulose Scientists have figured out a way to produce bacterial cellulose by ''Komagataeibacter hansenii'' using only waste beer yeast as nutrient source. References Rhodospirillales Bacteria described in 1983 {{alphaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit the air, soil, water, Hot spring, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the nitrogen fixation, fixation of nitrogen from the Earth's atmosphere, atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of cadaver, dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym "Proteobacteria") is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. Currently, they are considered the predominant phylum within the domain of bacteria. They are naturally found as pathogenic and free-living (non- parasitic) genera. The phylum comprises six classes ''Acidithiobacillia, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Hydrogenophilia'', and '' Zetaproteobacteria.'' The Pseudomonadota are widely diverse, with differences in morphology, metabolic processes, relevance to humans, and ecological influence. Classification American microbiologist Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". The group was later formally named the 'Proteobacteria' after the Greek god Proteus, who was known to assume many forms. In 2021 the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes designated the synonym Pseudomonadota, and renamed many other prokaryotic phyla as well. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphaproteobacteria
''Alphaproteobacteria'' or ''α-proteobacteria'', also called ''α-Purple bacteria'' in earlier literature, is a class of bacteria in the phylum '' Pseudomonadota'' (formerly "Proteobacteria"). The '' Magnetococcales'' and '' Mariprofundales'' are considered basal or sister to the ''Alphaproteobacteria''. The ''Alphaproteobacteria'' are highly diverse and possess few commonalities, but nevertheless share a common ancestor. Like all ''Proteobacteria'', its members are gram-negative, although some of its intracellular parasitic members lack peptidoglycan and are consequently gram variable. Characteristics The ''Alphaproteobacteria'' are a diverse taxon and comprise several phototrophic genera, several genera metabolising C1-compounds (e.g. ''Methylobacterium'' spp.), symbionts of plants (e.g. '' Rhizobium'' spp.), endosymbionts of arthropods ('' Wolbachia'') and intracellular pathogens (e.g. '' Rickettsia''). Moreover, the class is sister to the protomitochondrion, the bacterium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodospirillales
The Rhodospirillales are an order of Pseudomonadota. Notable Families The ''Acetobacteraceae'' comprise the acetic acid bacteria, which are heterotrophic and produce acetic acid during their respiration.Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. . The ''Rhodospirillaceae'' include mainly purple bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, which produce energy through photosynthesis. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). The phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis. Notes References Rhodospirillales, Bacteria orders {{alphaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetobacteraceae
Acetobacteraceae is a Family (biology), family of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the order Rhodospirillales, class Alphaproteobacteria. Two distinct clades are recognized: the acetic acid bacteria and a more heterogeneous group including acidophilic and phototrophic bacteria. The type genus is ''Acetobacter''. Ten genus, genera from ''Acetobacteraceae'' make up the acetic acid bacteria. History ''Acetobacteraceae'' was originally proposed as a family for ''Acetobacter'' and ''Gluconobacter'' based on rRNA and DNA–DNA hybridization comparisons in 1980. Genera Accepted Genera The following genera have been effectively and validly published: * ''Acetobacter'' Beijerinck 1898 (Approved Lists 1980) * ''Acidibrevibacterium'' Muhadesi ''et al''. 2019 * ''Acidicaldus'' Johnson ''et al''. 2006 * ''Acidiphilium'' Harrison 1981 * ''Acidisoma'' Belova ''et al''. 2009 * ''Acidisphaera'' Hiraishi ''et al''. 2000 * ''Acidocella'' Kishimoto ''et al''. 1996 * ''Acidomonas'' Urakami ''et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Komagataeibacter
''Komagataeibacter'' is a genus of bacteria in the family Acetobacteraceae. It was described in 2012 by Yamada ''et al''. The type species is '' Komagataeibacter xylinus''. Species The genus contains the following species: * '' Komagataeibacter cocois'' Liu ''et al''. 2018 * '' Komagataeibacter diospyri'' Naloka ''et al''. 2020 * '' Komagataeibacter europaeus'' (Sievers ''et al''. 1992) Yamada ''et al''. 2013 * ''Komagataeibacter hansenii'' (Gosselé ''et al''. 1983) Yamada ''et al''. 2013 * '' Komagataeibacter intermedius'' (Boesch ''et al''. 1998) Yamada ''et al''. 2013 * '' Komagataeibacter kakiaceti'' (Iino ''et al''. 2012) Yamada 2014 * '' Komagataeibacter kombuchae'' (Dutta and Gachhui 2007) Yamada ''et al''. 2013 * '' Komagataeibacter maltaceti'' (Slapšak ''et al''. 2013) Yamada 2014 * '' Komagataeibacter medellinensis'' (Castro ''et al''. 2013) Yamada 2014 * '' Komagataeibacter melaceti'' Marič ''et al''. 2020 * '' Komagataeibacter melomenusus'' Marič ''et al''. 2020 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetic Acid Bacteria
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria which Oxidation, oxidize sugars or ethanol and produce acetic acid during Aerobic fermentation, fermentation. The acetic acid bacteria consist of 10 genus, genera in the family Acetobacteraceae. Several species of acetic acid bacteria are used in industry for production of certain foods and chemicals. Description All acetic acid bacteria are rod-shaped and obligate aerobes. Acetic acid bacteria are airborne and are ubiquitous in nature. They are actively present in environments where ethanol is being formed as a product of the fermentation of sugars. They can be isolated from the nectar (plant), nectar of flowers and from damaged fruit. Other good sources are fresh apple cider and unpasteurized beer that has not been filter sterilized. In these liquids, they grow as a surface film due to their aerobic nature and active motility. Drosophilidae, Fruit flies or Turbatrix aceti, vinegar eels are considered common Vector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Cellulose
Bacterial cellulose is an organic compound with the formula produced by certain types of bacteria. While cellulose is a basic structural material of most plants, it is also produced by bacteria, principally of the genera '' Komagataeibacter'', '' Acetobacter'', ''Sarcina ventriculi'' and ''Agrobacterium''. Bacterial, or microbial, cellulose has different properties from plant cellulose and is characterized by high purity, strength, moldability and increased water holding ability. In natural habitats, the majority of bacteria synthesize extracellular polysaccharides, such as cellulose, which form protective envelopes around the cells. While bacterial cellulose is produced in nature, many methods are currently being investigated to enhance cellulose growth from cultures in laboratories as a large-scale process. By controlling synthesis methods, the resulting microbial cellulose can be tailored to have specific desirable properties. For example, attention has been given to the bacte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
