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King Zhao Of Qin
King Zhaoxiang of Qin (; 325–251 BC), also abbreviated as King Zhao of Qin (秦昭王), born Ying Ji (嬴稷), was a king of the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, reigning from 306 BC to 251 BC. He was the son of King Huiwen and the younger brother of King Wu. King Zhaoxiang reigned as the king of Qin for 57 years, and was responsible for the state of Qin achieving strategic dominance over the other six major states. During his reign, Qin captured the Chu capital Ying in 278 BC, conquered the Xirong state of Yiqu in 272 BC, defeated a 450,000-strong Zhao army at Changping in 260 BC, and overthrew the Eastern Zhou dynasty in 256 BC. These aggressive territorial expansions and the strategic weakening of other rival states paved the path for Qin's eventual unification of China proper three decades later by his great-grandson Ying Zheng, later known as Qin Shi Huang. Biography Ascension Prince Ying Ji was born in 325 BC to one of King Huiwen's low-ranked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lin Xiangru
Lin Xiangru () (died July 260 BCE) was a politician and general of the Warring States period, who served the state of Zhao. He figures prominently in two stories of the period, namely the episode and the namesake '' chengyu'' of " Returning the Jade to Zhao" (), as well as the story and the namesake ''chengyu'' of "Carrying Thorned Grass and Pleading Guilt" (). Background Lin Xiangru was born sometime in the reign of King Wuling of Zhao in present-day Mengmen town, Liulin County, Shanxi. Due to his intellect and superior skills, he rose quickly through the ranks of the Zhao bureaucracy. Returning the Jade to Zhao Emissaries from the King of Qin came over to the Zhao court one day, offering to exchange fifteen cities for the sacred Heshibi jade disk. At this stage of the Warring States period, Qin was the most powerful state, making it difficult to decline. On the other hand, the Kings of Qin had historically been untrustworthy, and King Huiwen of Zhao did not trust the Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qin's Wars Of Unification
Qin's wars of unification were a series of military campaigns launched in the late third century BC by the state of Qin against the other six states remaining in China Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu and Qi. Between 247 and 221 BC, Qin had developed into the most powerful of China's Seven Warring States that coalesced in the wake of the declining Zhou dynasty, which had been reduced to a weak and merely ceremonial position during the Warring States period. In 230 BC, Ying Zheng, the King of Qin, began the sequence of campaigns that would bring the Warring States period to a close, setting out to conquer each of the six states one by one. This was completed in 221 BC with the fall of Qi, which further led to a more centralised form of government replacing the '' fengjian'' system of the Zhou dynasty. Ying Zheng declared himself the First Emperor – or Shi Huangdi – of a unified China under the Qin dynasty. Background Rise of Qin and early conquests O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coming-of-age
Coming of age is a young person's transition from being a child to being an adult. The specific age at which this transition takes place varies between societies, as does the nature of the change. It can be a simple legal convention or can be part of a ritual or spiritual event. In the past, and in some societies today, such a change is often associated with the age of sexual maturity (puberty), especially menarche and spermarche. In others, it is associated with an age of religious responsibility. Particularly in Western societies, modern legal conventions stipulate points around the end of adolescence and the beginning of early adulthood (most commonly 16 and 18 though ranging from 14 to 21) when adolescents are generally no longer considered minors and are granted the full rights and responsibilities of an adult. Some cultures and countries have multiple coming of age ceremonies for multiple ages. Many cultures retain ceremonies to confirm the coming of age, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yu County, Hebei
Yu County, also known by its Chinese language, Chinese name Yuxian, is a Chinese county, county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Zhangjiakou in northwestern Hebei province, China. Yuzhou, Hebei, Yuzhou town () is the county seat. History The area was home to the capital of the ancient Chinese states, state of Dai (Spring & Autumn), Dai during the Spring and Autumn period of the Zhou dynasty. Under the Qin dynasty, present-day Yu County was organized as , with its seat Daixian located northeast of present-day Yuzhou. Daixian also served as the capital of Dai Commandery,. overseeing 11 or 13 counties in what is now northwestern Hebei and northeastern Shanxi. Under the Eastern Han dynasty, Eastern Han, the commandery seat was moved west to Gaoliu (Han dynasty), Gaoliu (near present-day Yanggao County in Shanxi). It returned to Daixian near present-day Yuzhou under the kingdom of Cao Wei, Wei during the Three Kingdoms period before the commandery was abolish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Wuling Of Zhao
King Wuling of Zhao () (died 295 BCE, r. 325–299 BCE), personal name Zhao Yong, was a ruler of the Zhao state. His reign was famous for one important event: the reforms consisting of "Wearing the Hu (styled) Attire and Shooting from Horseback (in battle)" (胡服騎射). He was credited for the implementation of protective outfit during military events and proceedings. The son of Marquess Su, King Wuling ascended to the throne at 325 BCE, about halfway into the Warring States period of Chinese history. His reign coincided with the appearance of several other notable figures during the period. He was also the first ruler of Zhao to style himself "king" (王), but later reversed the decision. He would later receive the title as part of his posthumous name. Rule and reforms During the early years of his reign, the Kingdom of Zhao was constantly harassed by the Donghu, the Linhu (Simplified and Traditional Chinese: 林胡), the Loufan (Simplified Chinese: 楼烦) and the Beidi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of Succession
A war of succession is a war prompted by a succession crisis in which two or more individuals claim to be the Order of succession, rightful successor to a demise of the Crown, deceased or deposition (politics), deposed monarch. The rivals are typically supported by Political faction, factions within the Court (royal), royal court. Foreign powers sometimes Interventionism (politics)#Foreign interventionism, intervene, alliance, allying themselves with a faction. This may widen the war into one between those powers. Wars of succession were some of the most prevalent types of Casus belli#Categorisation, wars by cause throughout human history, but the replacement of absolute monarchy, absolute monarchies by an international order based on democracy with constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarchies or republics ended almost all such wars by 1900. Terminology Descriptions In historiography and literature, a ''war of succession'' may also be referred to as a ''succession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wangcheng (Zhou Dynasty)
Wangcheng was an ancient Chinese city located beside the ceremonial eastern capital of Luoyi during the Zhou dynasty. It was constructed in 1021BC on the model of the earlier and larger Chengzhou to its east. It was the primary capital of the Eastern Zhou dynasty between 771 and 510BC. The Eastern Han dynasty also chose the location in AD25 as the site of its capital Luoyang Luoyang ( zh, s=洛阳, t=洛陽, p=Luòyáng) is a city located in the confluence area of the Luo River and the Yellow River in the west of Henan province, China. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zheng ..., which was built over the earlier Zhou city. The ruins of Wangcheng have been partially excavated and are visible in modern Luoyang's Wangcheng Park. References Ancient Chinese cities 11th-century BC establishments in China History of Luoyang {{china-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ding (vessel)
''Ding'' ( zh, s=鼎, p=dǐng) are prehistoric China, prehistoric and ancient China, ancient Chinese cauldrons standing upon legs with a lid and two fancy facing handles. They are one of the most important shapes used in Chinese ritual bronzes. They were made in two shapes: round vessels with three legs and rectangular ones with four, the latter often called ''fāng dǐng'' ( zh, s=方鼎, l=square ding). They were cookware, used for cooking, storage, and animal sacrifice, ritual offerings to the Chinese mythology, gods or to ancestor veneration in China, ancestors. The earliest recovered examples are ceramic tripods from the Neolithic Peiligang culture, Peiligang culture, but they are better known from the Chinese Bronze Age, particularly after the Zhou dynasty, Zhou deemphasized the ritual use of ''huangjiu'' alcohol practiced by the list of Shang emperors, Shang kings. Under the Zhou, the ding and the privilege to perform the associated rituals became symbols of authority. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hostage
A hostage is a person seized by an abductor in order to compel another party, one which places a high value on the liberty, well-being and safety of the person seized—such as a relative, employer, law enforcement, or government—to act, or refrain from acting, in a certain way, often under threat of serious physical harm or death to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum. The ''Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition'' defines a hostage as "a person who is handed over by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against certain acts of war." A party who seizes one or more hostages is known as a hostage-taker; if the hostages are present voluntarily, then the receiver is known as a host. In civil society, along with kidnapping for ransom and human trafficking (often willing to ransom its captives when lucrative or to trade on influence), hostage taking is a criminal activit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yan (state)
Yan (; Old Chinese pronunciation: ''*'') was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Its capital was Jicheng (Beijing), Ji (later known as Yanjing and now Beijing). During the Warring States period, the court was also moved to another capital at Xiadu at times. The history of Yan began in the Western Zhou in the early first millennium BC. After the authority of the Zhou king declined during the Spring and Autumn period in the 8th century BC, Yan survived and became one of the strongest states in China. During the Warring States period from the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, Yan was one of the last states to be conquered by the armies of Qin Shihuang: Yan fell in 222 BC, the year before the declaration of the Qin dynasty, Qin Empire. Yan experienced a brief period of independence after the collapse of the Qin dynasty in 207 BC, but it was eventually absorbed by the victorious Western Han dynasty, Han. During its height, Yan stretched from the Yellow River to the Yalu River ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Service
National service is a system of compulsory or voluntary government service, usually military service. Conscription is mandatory national service. The term ''national service'' comes from the United Kingdom's National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939. The length and nature of national service depends on the country in question. In some instances, national service is compulsory, and citizens living abroad can be called back to their country of origin to complete it. In other cases, national service is voluntary. Many young people spend one or more years in such programmes. Compulsory military service typically requires all citizens to enroll for one or two years, usually at age 18 (later for university-level students). Most conscripting countries conscript only men, but Norway, Sweden, Israel, Eritrea, Malaysia, Morocco and North Korea conscript both men and women. Voluntary national service may require only three months of basic military training. The US equivalent is Selecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meritocracy
Meritocracy (''merit'', from Latin , and ''-cracy'', from Ancient Greek 'strength, power') is the notion of a political system in which economic goods or political power are vested in individual people based on ability and talent, rather than wealth or social class. Advancement in such a system is based on performance, as measured through examination or demonstrated achievement. Although the concept of meritocracy has existed for centuries, the first known use of the term was by sociologist Alan Fox in the journal ''Socialist Commentary'' in 1956. It was then popularized by sociologist Michael Dunlop Young, who used the term in his dystopian political and satirical book ''The Rise of the Meritocracy'' in 1958. While the word was coined and popularized as a pejorative, its usage has ameliorated. Today, the term is often utilised to refer to social systems in which personal advancement and success primarily reflect an individual's capabilities and merits, frequently seen as equ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
