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Kinder Der Landstrasse
(literally: "the aid organization for the children of the country road"), more commonly known as , was a project implemented by the Swiss foundation Pro Juventute from 1926 to 1973. The project aimed to assimilate the Itinerant groups in Europe, itinerant Yenish people#Switzerland, Yenish people in Switzerland by institutionalizing the parents and forcibly removing their children and placing them in Orphanage, orphanages or foster homes. Approximately 590 children were affected by this program. History In 1926, Pro Juventute, with the support of federal authorities and official institutions, initiated a systematic process of separating Yenish children from their families and relocating them to foster homes, Psychiatric hospital, psychiatric hospitals, and even prisons. This practice, referred to as "re-education," aimed to establish a sedentary lifestyle among Yenish families, particularly the younger generation. These activities continued for 47 years until they were brought t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beobachter
''Beobachter'' (, ''Observer'') is a German-language Swiss medium with a focus on law and justice. History and profile The magazine was founded in 1926 by Max Ras as ''Der Schweizerische Beobachter'' and first distributed in 1927 as a free newspaper to all households in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. From the beginning, it was a political, but non-partisan struggle sheet, that took a position in favor of economically weakly positioned people. The newspaper fought for equal rights for women, fights rampant bureaucracy, and reveals scandals and hypocrisies. Through its populist style and the high number of readers, which in 1994 was over a million, ''Beobachter'' secured an extensive advertising volume within Switzerland. From 2007 respectively 2010 (against media and political protests), the low-priced subscription magazine was published fortnightly by Axel Springer AG Switzerland. At that time, it had a circulation of 308,000 copies, and in 2013 printed 283,284 copie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WOZ Die Wochenzeitung
''WOZ Die Wochenzeitung'', (commonly abbreviated as ''WOZ'' or ''Wochenzeitung''), is a Swiss, German-language weekly newspaper published in Zürich. History ''Die WochenZeitung'' (WoZ) first appeared on 1 October 1981. It cost 2 Swiss francs and 20,000 issues were printed. It was based on the experiences of the German '' Die Tageszeitung'' (Taz) and the Zürich-based monthly student magazine ''Das Konzept''. Its creation was influenced by events of the Swiss alternative political movement in the first phase of the youth movement of the 1980s. Well-known journalists like Niklaus Meienberg or Laure Wyss but also novelists such as Max Frisch and Otto F. Walter regularly wrote for the paper. In 1987 ''WOZ'' started using gender-neutral language Gender-neutral language or gender-inclusive language is language that avoids reference towards a particular sex or gender. In English, this includes use of nouns that are not gender-specific to refer to roles or professions, formatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinti
The Sinti (masc. sing. ''Sinto''; fem. sing. ''Sintetsa, Sinta'') are a subgroup of the Romani people. They are found mostly in Germany, France, Italy and Central Europe, numbering some 200,000 people. They were traditionally Itinerant groups in Europe, itinerant, but today only a small percentage of Sinti remain unsettled. In earlier times, they frequently lived on the outskirts of communities. Within the Sinti Community are various tribes such as the Manouche in France. They speak the Sinte Romani, Sinti-Manouche variety of Romani language, Romani, which exhibits strong German language, German influence. Etymology and origin The origin of the Sinti people, as with the broader Romani people, lies generally in the Indian subcontinent. While people from the western Indian subcontinent's Sindh region were mentioned in 1100 by Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Maydani, it is unclear whether the Sindhi people were the ancestors of modern Sinti, though it is clear that Sinti and other Romani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manouche
The Manouche ( ) are a Romani subgroup who have lived in France and Switzerland since at least the 18th century. The term Manouche is the self-ascribed name of the French Sinti. Etymology The word (or ) means 'human being' in the Romani language, and is derived from Sanskrit (); close cognates are found in several modern Indian languages. Their Romani dialect, cognate to the one used by German Sinti, exhibits strong German influence. They are nowadays primary French-speaking, though the dialect of French they use exhibits many linguistic peculiarities compared to standard French. Persecution in Switzerland From 1926 to 1973, Swiss children's charity Pro Juventute—with the support of Swiss authorities—forcibly removed Manouche, Sinti, and Yenish children from their families and placed them in foster homes, adoptive families and correctional institutions through the ('Children of the Open Road') project. This was part of a wider effort to forcibly assimilate these tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verdingkinder
, , "contract children",''Swiss grapple with history of forced child labor'' Associated Press, retrieved 24/11/2011 or "indentured child laborers"''Swiss 'contract children' speak out'' BBC, retrieved 19/1/2012; and Gianna Virginia Weber: "Das ’Verdingkind‘: Eine terminologische Annäherung" The ‘Indentured Child Laborer‘: A Ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Children Coercion Reparation Initiative
The Swiss children coercion reparation initiative (German: ''Wiedergutmachungsinitiative'') was a Swiss federal popular initiative. It called for reappraisal and a fund of 500 million Swiss francs for Verdingkinder (forced child laborers) and other victims of compulsory social measures in Switzerland. The initiative was launched in April and submitted in December 2014. In 2016, a counter-proposal by the Federal Council was adopted by the Swiss Parliament. The ''Federal Act on Compulsory Social Measures and Placements Prior to 1981'' largely met the demands of the initiative, which was subsequently withdrawn. Summary In April 2014, the collection of Swiss citizens' signatures started, and at least 100,000 had signed by 1 October 2015. The popular initiative addressed the fate of forced child labourers in Switzerland, the so-called ''Verdingkinder'', a term formerly used in the Swiss-German language. Another "integration project," related to the so-called "misplaced persons," ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Federal Archives
The Swiss Federal Archives (, , , ) are the national archives of Switzerland. Additionally, the cantons have official archives of their own. The building and its collections are a Swiss heritage site of national significance. In 2018 the archives held over 66,000 linear meters of printed documents and 20.7 terabytes of digital documents. The archives have a permanent staff of 57.8 full-time equivalent and a budget of 19.2 million CHF. The archives are governed by the Federal Act on Archiving. original version 1998-06-26. The Federal Archives were created in 1798 following the creation of the Helvetic Republic. Under the republic, the archives moved whenever the seat of government moved. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Council (Switzerland)
The Federal Council is the federal Cabinet (government), cabinet of the Switzerland, Swiss Confederation. Its seven members also serve as the collective head of state and Head of government, government of Switzerland. Since World War II, the Federal Council is by convention a permanent grand coalition government composed of representatives of the List of political parties in Switzerland, country's major parties and Languages of Switzerland, language regions. While the entire Federal Council is responsible for leading the federal administration of Switzerland, each Councillor heads one of the seven federal executive departments. The president of the Swiss Confederation chairs the council, but exercises no particular authority; rather, the position is one of a Primus inter pares, first among equals and rotates among the seven Councillors annually. The Swiss Federal Council election, Federal Council is elected as a body by the 246 members of the Federal Assembly (Switzerland), Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and international security, security, to develop friendly Diplomacy, relations among State (polity), states, to promote international cooperation, and to serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of states in achieving those goals. The United Nations headquarters is located in New York City, with several other offices located in United Nations Office at Geneva, Geneva, United Nations Office at Nairobi, Nairobi, United Nations Office at Vienna, Vienna, and The Hague. The UN comprises six principal organizations: the United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, Security Council, the United Nations Economic and Social Council, Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the United Nations Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genocide Convention
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), or the Genocide Convention, is an international treaty that criminalizes genocide and obligates state parties to pursue the enforcement of its prohibition. It was the first legal instrument to codify genocide as a crime and the first human rights treaty unanimously adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1948, during the third session of the United Nations General Assembly. The Convention entered into force on 12 January 1951 and has 153 state parties . The Genocide Convention was conceived largely in response to World War II, which saw atrocities such as the Holocaust that lacked an adequate description or legal definition. Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin, who had coined the term genocide in 1944 to describe Nazi policies in occupied Europe and the Armenian genocide, campaigned for its recognition as a crime under international law. Lemkin also linked colonialism w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genocide
Genocide is violence that targets individuals because of their membership of a group and aims at the destruction of a people. Raphael Lemkin, who first coined the term, defined genocide as "the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group" by means such as "the disintegration of [its] political and social institutions, of [its] cultural genocide, culture, linguicide, language, national feelings, religious persecution, religion, and [its] economic existence". During the struggle to ratify the Genocide Convention, powerful countries restricted Lemkin's definition to exclude their own actions from being classified as genocide, ultimately limiting it to any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group". While there are many scholarly Genocide definitions, definitions of genocide, almost all international bodies of law officially adjudicate the crime of genocide pursuant to the Genocide Convention. Genocide has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
