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Kikimora Palustris
''Kikimora'' is a monotypic genus of dwarf spiders containing the single species, ''Kikimora palustris''. It was first described by K. Y. Eskov in 1988, and has only been found in Finland, Norway, and Russia. Derivation of name When Eskov discovered this genus of sheetweaver spiders he used for it the name of the Russian bogeywoman (and personification of nightmare and sleep paralysis) Kikimora - specifically the type of Kikimora imagined to inhabit swamps (in further reference to the specific name ''palustris'' "of the marsh") and to be married to the forest-spirit Leshy. Sokolov, Yuriy M. (1971) 950 Russian Folklore. Translated by Smith, Catherine R. Detroit: Folklore Associates. pp. 26–404. . See also * List of Linyphiidae species (I–P) * Kikimora * Domovoy * Folklore of Russia The Russian folklore, i.e., the folklore of Russian people, takes its roots in the pagan beliefs of ancient Slavs and now is represented in the Russian fairy tales. Epic Russian bylinas are als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic Taxon
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of Genus, genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. Theoretical implications Monotypic taxa present several important theoretical challenges in biological classification. One key issue is known as "Gregg's Paradox": if a single species is the only member of multiple hierarchical levels (for example, being the only species in its genus, which is the only genus in its family), then each level needs a distinct definition to maintain logical structure. Otherwise, the different taxonomic ranks become effectively identical, which creates problems for organizing biological diversity in a hierarchical o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kikimora
Kikimora is a legendary creature, a female house spirit in Slavic mythology. Her role in the house is usually juxtaposed with that of the domovoy. The kikimora can either be a "bad" or a "good" spirit, which will depend on the behavior of the homeowner. In more recent times, an image of kikimora as a female swamp spirit had developed. Etymology Most sources link the suffix -''mora'' with the Proto-Slavic *''morà'' ('nightly spirit, bad dream') and the Proto-Germanic *''marōn'' (''id.''), as in the modern English nightmare. In Polish folklore, mora are the souls of living people that leave the body during the night, and are seen as wisps of straw or hair or as moths. Accordingly, Polish ''mora'', Czech ''můra'' denote both a kind of elf or spirit as well as a " sphinx moth" or "night butterfly". Other Slavic languages with cognates that have the double meaning of moth are: Kashubian ''mòra'', and Slovak ''mora''. In Slovene, Croatian and Serbian, ''mora'' refers to a "n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiders Described In 1988
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. , 53,034 spider species in 136 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900. Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax or prosoma, and the opisthosoma, or abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel. However, as there is currently neither paleontological nor embryological evidence that spiders ever had a separate tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folklore Of Russia
The Russian folklore, i.e., the folklore of Russian people, takes its roots in the pagan beliefs of ancient Slavs and now is represented in the Russian fairy tales. Epic Russian bylinas are also an important part of Slavic paganism. The oldest bylinas of Kievan cycle were recorded in the Northwestern Federal District, Russian North, especially in Karelia, where most of the Finnish people, Finnish national epic Kalevala was recorded as well. In the late 19th-century Russian fairy tales began being translated into English, with ''Russian Folk Tales'' (1873) by William Ralston Shedden-Ralston, William Ralston, and ''Tales and Legends from the Land of the Tzar'' (1890) by Edith Hodgetts. Many Russian fairy tales and bylinas have been adapted for Russian animation, animation films, or for feature movies by prominent directors such as Aleksandr Ptushko (''Ilya Muromets (film), Ilya Muromets'', ''Sadko (film), Sadko'') and Aleksandr Rou (''Jack Frost (1964 film), Morozko'', ''Vasilisa th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domovoy
In the Slavic religious tradition, Domovoy (, literally " he oneof the household"; also spelled ''Domovoi'', ''Domovoj'', and known as , (''Domovik''), (''Domovyk'') and (''Damavik'')) is the household spirit of a given kin. According to the Russian folklorist E. G. Kagarov, the Domovoy is a personification of the supreme Rod in the microcosm of kinship. Sometimes he has a female counterpart, Domania, the goddess of the household, though he is most often a single god. The Domovoy expresses himself as a number of other spirits of the household in its different functions. Etymology and belief The term ''Domovoy'' comes from the Indo-European root *''dom'', which is shared by many words in the semantic field of "abode", "domain" in the Indo-European languages (cf. Latin ''domus'', "house"). The Domovoy have been compared to the Roman '' Di Penates'', the '' genii'' of the family. Helmold ( 1120–1177), in his '' Chronica Slavorum'', alluded to the widespread worship of ''pen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Linyphiidae Species (I–P)
This page lists all described species of the spider family Linyphiidae as of July 12, 2020, from I to P, of World Spider Catalog version 21.0 ''Ibadana'' '' Ibadana'' Locket & Russell-Smith, 1980 * '' Ibadana cuspidata'' Locket & Russell-Smith, 1980 – Nigeria, Cameroon ''Iberoneta'' '' Iberoneta'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1984 * '' Iberoneta nasewoa'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1984 – Spain ''Icariella'' '' Icariella'' Brignoli, 1979 * '' Icariella hauseri'' Brignoli, 1979 – Greece ''Idionella'' '' Idionella'' Banks, 1893 * '' Idionella anomala'' (Gertsch & Ivie, 1936) – USA * '' Idionella deserta'' (Gertsch & Ivie, 1936) – USA * '' Idionella formosa'' (Banks, 1892) (type species) – USA ** ''Idionella formosa pista'' (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA * '' Idionella nesiotes'' (Crosby, 1924) – USA * '' Idionella rugosa'' (Crosby, 1905) – USA * '' Idionella sclerata'' (Ivie & Barrows, 1935) – USA, Mexico * '' Idionella titivillitium'' (Crosby & Bishop, 1925) – USA * '' Idionella t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leshy
Leshy or Leshi, ; literally, ' efrom the forest'. is a tutelary deity of the forest in pagan Slavic mythology. As Leshy rules over the forest and hunting, he may be related to the Slavic god Porewit. A similar deity called ''Svyatibor'' (''Svyatobor'', ''Svyatibog'') is thought to have been revered by both the Eastern and Western Slavs as the divine arbiter of woodland realms, and/or the sovereign ruler over other diminutive forest spirits. Svytibor's functions were much like those of the god Veles. Leshy often appears as a masculine humanoid, and possesses an ability to disguise himself as any person, including changing in size and stature. In some accounts, Leshy is described as having a wife (''Leshachikha'', ''Leszachka'', ''Lesovikha,'' and sometimes the '' Kikimora'' of the swamp) and children (''leshonki'', ''leszonky''). Leshy is known to misguide wanderers and abduct young ones, traits he shares with the notorious Chort, the "Black One" or "Devil," thus leading ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swamp
A swamp is a forested wetland.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p. Swamps are considered to be transition zones because both land and water play a role in creating this environment. Swamps vary in size and are located all around the world. The water of a swamp may be fresh water, brackish water, or seawater. Freshwater swamps form along large rivers or lakes where they are critically dependent upon rainwater and seasonal flooding to maintain natural water level fluctuations.Hughes, F.M.R. (ed.). 2003. The Flooded Forest: Guidance for policy makers and river managers in Europe on the restoration of floodplain forests. FLOBAR2, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 96 p. Saltwater swamps are found along tropical and subtropical coastlines. Some swamps have hammock (ecology), hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sleep Paralysis
Sleep paralysis is a state, during waking up or falling asleep, in which a person is conscious but in a complete state of full-body paralysis. During an episode, the person may hallucinate (hear, feel, or see things that are not there), which often results in fear. Episodes generally last no more than a few minutes. It can reoccur multiple times or occur as a single episode. The condition may occur in those who are otherwise healthy or those with narcolepsy, or it may run in families as a result of specific genetic changes. The condition can be triggered by sleep deprivation, psychological stress, or abnormal sleep cycles. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve a dysfunction in REM sleep. Diagnosis is based on a person's description. Other conditions that can present similarly include narcolepsy, atonic seizure, and hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Treatment options for sleep paralysis have been poorly studied. It is recommended that people be reassured that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nightmare
A nightmare, also known as a bad dream, Retrieved 11 July 2016. is an unpleasant dream that can cause a strong emotional response from the mind, typically fear but also despair, anxiety, disgust or sadness. The dream may contain situations of discomfort, psychological or physical terror, or panic. After a nightmare, a person will often awaken in a state of distress and may be unable to return to sleep for a short period of time. Recurrent nightmares may require medical help, as they can interfere with sleeping patterns and cause insomnia. Nightmares can have physical causes such as sleeping in an uncomfortable position or having a fever, or psychological causes such as stress or anxiety. Eating before going to sleep, which triggers an increase in the body's metabolism and brain activity, can be a potential stimulus for nightmares. The prevalence of nightmares in children (5–12 years old) is between 20 and 30%, and prevalence in adults is between 8 and 30%. In common langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogeyman
The bogeyman (; also spelled or known as bogyman, bogy, bogey, and, in US English, also boogeyman) is a mythical creature typically used to frighten children into good behavior. Bogeymen have no specific appearances, and conceptions vary drastically by household and culture, but they are most commonly depicted as masculine, androgynous or even feminine monsters that punish children for misbehavior. The bogeyman, and conceptually similar monsters can be found in many cultures around the world. Bogeymen may target a specific act or general misbehavior, depending on the purpose of invoking the figure, often on the basis of a warning from an authority figure to a child. The term is sometimes used as a non-specific personification of, or metonym for, terror – and sometimes the Devil. Etymology The word ''bogeyman'', used to describe a monster in English, may have derived from Middle English ''bugge'' or ''bogge'', which means 'frightening specter', 'terror', or ' scarecrow'. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
