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Khumi Language
Khumi, or Khumi Chin, is a Kuki-Chin-Mizo language of Myanmar (Burma), with some speakers across the border in Bangladesh. Khumi shares 75%–87% lexical similarity with Eastern Khumi, and 78-81% similarity with Mro-Khimi. A written script for Khumi was created between 1930–1949 by E.W. Francis. Geographical distribution Khumi proper is spoken in the following townships of Myanmar (''Ethnologue''). *Kaladan river area in Paletwa township, Chin State *A few villages in Kyauktaw township, Rakhine State. Eastern Khumi (Khami) is spoken in the following townships of Myanmar (''Ethnologue''). The Eastern Khumi dialects have a high degree of mutual intelligibility, with all dialects sharing at least 74% lexical similarity, although there are strong attitudes against sharing the same literature. In terms of lexical similarity, Nisay, Nideun, and Khongtu dialects share 92%–97% while the Khenlak and Asang dialects also share 92%–97%. The Likhy variety of Eastern Khumi shares 86%� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khumi People
The Khumis () are a community inhabiting in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. The Khumis are one of smallest ethnic groups in Bangladesh with a population of only 1214 according to the 1991 census (in the census of 1981 their population was recorded as 1258), though there are another 120,000 across the border in Myanmar (Burma). History Among the ethnic groups in Chittagong Hill Tracts the Khumis were the war like people. Earlier they were very often engaged in internecine or intertrinal warfare with the Bawms and the Mros. The Khumis used to live in Arakan; when there was fierce battle between them and the Mros, the latter being defeated fled to Chittagong Hill Tracts. But later the Khumis themselves entered Chittagong Hill Tracts after being defeated by Arakan. The term "Khumi" might have originated from a combination of two words in the Khumi language: "Kha," meaning "man," and "Ma," meaning "the best race." Together, they signify "the man who excels in racing." Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaladan River
The Kaladan (, ) or Kissapanadi River (, ), also known as the Beino, Bawinu and Kolodyne, is a river in the eastern Mizoram, Mizoram State of India, and in Chin State and Rakhine State of western Myanmar. The Kaladan River is called the Chhimtuipui River in India.Still under construction[, The Statesman. It forms the international border between India and Myanmar between 22° 47′ 10" N (where its tributary, the Tiau River , joins it) and 22° 11′ 06" N.NF 46-7 "Gangaw, Burma" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anu-Hkongso Language
Anu-Hkongso (also spelled Anu-Khongso) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken between the Kaladan and Michaung rivers in Paletwa Township, Chin State, Burma. It is closely related to Mru, forming the Mruic language branch, whose position within Sino-Tibetan is unclear. It consists of two dialects, Anu (''Añú'') and Hkongso (Khongso, Khaungtso). Hkongso and Anu speakers self-identify as ethnic Chin people, although the Anu-Hkongso language is not classified as a Kuki-Chin language. Most Anu and Hkongso speakers can also speak Khumi. Anung has 72-76% lexical similarity with Mro-Khimi although mutual intelligibility is low, and 23-37% lexical similarity with neighbouring Chin languages. A written orthography for Khongso was created in 2014 by Rev. Kyaw Kyaw and the Language and Social Development Organization. Varieties Hkongso and Anu are mutually intelligible, and the languages 96-98% lexical similarity with each other. The ''Kasang'' claim to be Hkongso, and live in a small ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matupi Township
Matupi Township (; also batupui Township) is a township of Matupi District in the Chin State of Burma (Myanmar)."Myanmar States/Divisions & Townships Overview Map" Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) Matupi is the administrative center for the township. Geography Location The Matupi township is located in western Myanmar. The town is situated between latitudes 21.36'57.93 north and longitude 93.26'21.09 east. Matupi township is bordered: to the east by the Magwe division; to the south by[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rakhine State
Rakhine State ( ; , ; ), formerly known as Arakan State, is a Administrative divisions of Myanmar, state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chittagong Division, Chattogram Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between latitudes 17°30' north and 21°30' north and longitudes 92°10' east and 94°50' east. The north–south Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separate Rakhine State from central Myanmar. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Ramree Island, Ramree, Cheduba and Myingun Island, Myingun. Rakhine State has an area of and its capital is Sittwe (formerly known as Akyab). Names The state was historically known as Arakan in English until the Burmese government adopted the English name Rakhine in 1989. History The history of the region of Arakan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyauktaw
Kyauktaw ( ) is a town in northern Rakhine State, in the westernmost part of Myanmar. The famous Mahamuni Buddha image, currently at Amarapura, was originally situated near Kyauktaw, in the ruins of the old city of Dhanyawadi. The town was captured by the Arakan Army around 12 February 2024 from the Tatmadaw during the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), Myanmar Civil War. Location Kyauktaw is situated from the north of Sittwe, the capital city of Rakhine State. It is located approximately between latitudes 20° 37' north and 21° 11' north and longitudes 92° 50' east and 93° 88' east from the north of Kaladan River. The Kispanadi Bridge is located at the entrance to Kyauktaw, traversing the Kaladan River. Area The area of Kyauktaw Township is nearly . Kyauktaw is bordered by Mrauk U, around from the east, Buthidaung, around from the west, Ponnagyun, from the south and Pallawa Township of Chin State, around from the north. It stretches from east to west and from nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chin State
Chin State (, ) is a state in western Myanmar. Chin State is bordered by Sagaing Division and Magway Division to the east, Rakhine State to the south, the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh to the west, and the Indian states of Mizoram to the west and Manipur to the north. The population of Chin State is about 488,801 according to the 2014 census, and its capital city is Hakha. The state is named after the Chin people, an ethnic group native to Chin State and neighboring Rakhine State. Much of the state is mountainous and sparsely populated, with few transportation links and low levels of economic development. It also has Myanmar's highest poverty rate, at 58%, according to a 2017 report. History Early history Situated in the remote hilly region of the Chin Hills, Chin State was traditionally autonomous and far from their neighboring powers like Burman kingdoms in the east and Indian states in the west to reach. Until the British advancement in the region, independent ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paletwa
Paletwa (, ) is one of the westernmost towns of Myanmar, in Chin State, 18 kilometres from the border with Bangladesh. On the other side of the border, lies Chittagong Division of Bangladesh. Paletwa town's population was about 97,000 in 2014. The Arakan Army launched an attack at the town on November 13, 2023 and captured it on 15 January, 2024 during the Myanmar Civil War. Demographics Rakhine is the Lingua Franca of the region, while Kuki-Chin languages are spoken mostly in the hills. The west of the town hosts many refugees that have fled from Rakhine state. The literacy rate is 65% (2017). Neighboring villages such as Kan Lay (ကန်းလေ) can be reached only by foot in about an hour. Connectivity Nazang is connected to the Rakhine state only by boat. It leaves Kyauktaw every morning and reaches Paletwa in the afternoon, running up the Kaladan River The Kaladan (, ) or Kissapanadi River (, ), also known as the Beino, Bawinu and Kolodyne, is a river in the eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL International, an American evangelical Parachurch organization, Christian non-profit organization. Overview and content ''Ethnologue'' has been published by SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistics, linguistic service organization with an international office in Dallas, Texas. The organization studies numerous minority languages to facilitate language development, and to work with speakers of such language communities in translating portions of the Bible into their languages. Despite the Christian orientation of its publisher, ''Ethnologue'' is not ideologically or theologically biased. ''Ethnologue'' includes alternative names and Exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibeto-Burman Language
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non- Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail. Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree. History During the 18th century, several scholars noticed paral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mro-Khimi Language
Mro-Khimi (also Mro, Khimi, Mro Chin, Mro-Khimi Chin) is a Kuki-Chin language of Myanmar (Burma) spoken by the Mro-Khimi people. The Mro-Khimi varieties share 91% to 98% lexical similarity. Mro-Khimi is 86%–90% lexically similar with the Likhy variety of Eastern Khumi, 81%–85% with Lemi variety of Eastern Khumi, and 77%–81% with Kaladan Khumi. Geographical distribution Mro-Khimi is spoken in the following townships of Myanmar (''Ethnologue''). *Chin State: Paletwa township *Rakhine State: Kyauktaw, Buthidaung, Ponnagyun, Pauktaw, Mrauk U, and Maungdaw townships. Dialects There are 4 main dialects of Mro-Khimi (''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...''). *Arang (Ahraing Khami, Areung, Aroeng) *Xengna (Hrengna) *Xata *Vakung (Wakun, Wakung) Wakun ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexical Similarity
In linguistics, lexical similarity is a measure of the degree to which the word sets of two given languages are similar. A lexical similarity of 1 (or 100%) would mean a total overlap between vocabularies, whereas 0 means there are no common words. There are different ways to define the lexical similarity and the results vary accordingly. For example, ''Ethnologue''s method of calculation consists of comparing a regionally standardized wordlist (comparable to the Swadesh list) and counting those forms that show similarity in both form and meaning. Using such a method, English was evaluated to have a lexical similarity of 60% with German and 27% with French. Lexical similarity can be used to evaluate the degree of genetic relationship between two languages. Percentages higher than 85% usually indicate that the two languages being compared are likely to be related dialects. The lexical similarity is only one indication of the mutual intelligibility of the two languages, since t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
