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Kherwarian Languages
The Kherwarian languages consist of non- Korku North Munda languages that are mainly spoken in Eastern Indian states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and neighboring countries of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. Together, Korku and the Kherwarian language continuum form the conventional North Munda branch of the Austroasiatic language family. The Dravidian-speaking Kurukh people in Ranchi suburbs have adopted a creolized dialect of Kherwarian Mundari called Keraʔ Mundari. Its verbal morphology is less complex than an average Austroasiatic Kherwarian language. Typology Vowel harmony in Kherwarian affixes yields some differences depending on the nature of the vowel of the verb stem, while others do not. There are harmonic and non-harmonic affixes. In phonological lexical words, disyllables have certain vowel restrictions. Stress is fixedly released at the second syllable. LH (weak-strong) prosodic word pattern is pervasive even in morphological words. Unlike ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mundari Language
Mundari (Munɖari) is a Munda languages, Munda language of the Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic language family spoken by the Munda people, Munda tribes in eastern Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal and northern Rangpur Division of Bangladesh. It is closely related to Santali language, Santali and Bhumij language, Bhumij. Mundari Bani, a script specifically to write Mundari, was invented by Rohidas Singh Nag. It has also been written in the Devanagari, Oriya script, Odia, Bengali alphabet, Bengali, and Latin script, Latin writing systems. History According to linguist Paul Sidwell (2018), Munda languages probably arrived on coast of Odisha from Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochina about 4000–3500 years ago and spread after Indo-Aryan migration to Odisha. Geographical distribution Mundari is spoken in the Khunti district, Khunti, Ranchi district, Ranchi, Seraikela Kharsawan district, Seraikela Kharsawan and West Singhbhum district, West Singhbhum, East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agariya Language
Agariya may refer to: *Agariya people The Agariya are community of the states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in India. Those in the vicinity of Mirzapur were involved in mining and smelting iron during the British Raj. The Agariya speak the Agariya language as well as Hindi ... * Agariya language * Agariya, Bhopal, a village in Madhya Pradesh {{dab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bijori Language
The Birjia language, also known as Binjhia or Bijori, is a language of India. It is commonly assumed to be a Munda language closely related to the Asuri language. However, Anderson,Anderson, Gregory D.S (ed), ''The Munda languages''. Routledge Language Family Series 3 (2008). New York: Routledge. , p. 195. based on Prasad (1961:314), suggests that Birjia (Binjhia) may be an Indo-Aryan language, although the Birjia are a tribe of the Asuri nation. The latter include the Asur and the Agariya. Distribution Birjia is spoken in: *Jharkhand: Lohardaga district and Ranchi district *West Bengal: Darjeeling district and Jalpaiguri district *Madhya Pradesh *Odisha Odisha (), formerly Orissa (List of renamed places in India, the official name until 2011), is a States and union territories of India, state located in East India, Eastern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by ar ... References Munda languages {{india-culture-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birhor Language
The Birhor language is a highly endangered Munda language spoken by the Birhor people in Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal, and Maharashtra states in India. The Birhor are found mostly in Chota Nagpur and Santhal Paragana, with the Uthlu Birhors living near Bishunpur, Gumla district, Jharkhand (along the western border with Chhattisgarh). Status Birhor speakers are shifting towards Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ..., and a small minority know Ho. There are few available educational resources available in Birhor. According to Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, "The Birhor are a Munda-speaking, forest-dependent semi-nomadic tribal community with fewer than 20,000 members ..Only a few thousand fluent speakers of the Birhor language remai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turi Language
Turi is an endangered Austroasiatic language of India that belongs to the Kherwarian Munda group. Grierson (1906) described that Turi is similar to both Mundari and Santali. It is spoken by only half a percent of ethnic Turi, the rest having shifted to Sadri in Jharkhand, Mundari in West Bengal, and Odia in Odisha. The Turi are classified as a Scheduled Caste in Jharkhand. Distribution Osada (1991) lists the following locations where Turi is spoken. *Jharkhand (pop. 133,137 as of 1981; then part of Bihar) **Giridih district **Ranchi district **Hazaribagh district *Chhattisgarh **Raigarh district *West Bengal (pop. 26,443 as of 1981) *Odisha Odisha (), formerly Orissa (List of renamed places in India, the official name until 2011), is a States and union territories of India, state located in East India, Eastern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by ar ... (pop. 7,374 as of 1981) Phonology Consonants Similar to Santali and Mundari, but /w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhumij Language
Bhumij is an Austroasiatic language belonging to the Munda subfamily, related to Ho, Mundari, and Santali, primarily spoken by Bhumij peoples in the Indian states Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. As per the 2011 census, only 27,506 people out of 911,349 Bhumij people spoke Bhumij as their mother tongue, as most Bhumijas have shifted to one of the regional dominant languages. Thus the language is considered an extremely endangered language. History Bhumij speakers have traditionally lived throughout the Kherwarian area in the modern states of Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. While spoken by very few Bhumij people today, it was much more widespread historically. Those who lived east in Dhalbhum mostly shifted to the Bengali language and lost their local tongue, while those who lived around the Chota Nagpur Plateau held on to their language. However, the number of Bhumij speakers has significantly declined since the early 20th century. This decline attributed to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asuri Language
Asuri is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Asur people, part of the Munda branch. Asuri has many Dravidian loanwords due to contact with Kurukh. The majority of Asuri speakers reside in the Gumla district of Chota Nagpur. In addition, there are smaller groups of Asuri speakers in Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Odisha. ''Ethnologue'' states that ''Birjia'' is a dialect of Asuri, but also that there is a related language Birjia; it is not clear if these refer to the same thing. However, Anderson (2008:195), based on Prasad (1961:314), suggests that Birjia (Binjhia) may be an Indo-Aryan language, although the Birjia are an ethnic subgroup of the Asuri tribe, along with the Asur proper and the Agariya. Majhwar is unclassified, but based on location and other clues, it may turn out to be a dialect of Asuri. If so, its 35,000 speakers (reported in 1995, out of an ethnic group of 175,000) would make it the most populous form of Asuri. Asuri is considered to be an endangered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kol Language (Bangladesh)
Kol is a Munda language spoken by a minority in Bangladesh. Kim (2010) considers Kol and Koda language, Koda to be Mundari cluster languages. Kol villages include Babudaing in Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division, Bangladesh, while Koda-speaking villages include Kundang and Krishnupur. References Munda languages {{AustroAsiatic-lang-stub Languages of Bangladesh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korwa Language
Korwa, or Kodaku/Koraku (Korku), is a Korwa language of India spoken in Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. Existing Korwa linguistic documentation includes Bahl (1962), which is based on the Korwa dialect of Dumertoli village, Bagicha Block, Tehsil Jashpurnagar, Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh. Varieties Korwa is a dialect continuum. The two principal varieties are Korwa (Korba) and Koraku (Kodaku), spoken by the Korwa and Kodaku respectively. Out of the Korwa, only the Hill Korwa still speak the language, the others having shifted to regional languages. The Kodaku in Jharkhand call their language "Korwa". Both speak Sadri, Kurukh, or Chhattisgarhi as a second language, or in the case of Sadri sometimes as their first language. Gregory Anderson (2008:195) lists the following locations for Korowa and Koraku. *Korowa (Korwa) is spoken in northeastern Chhattisgarh state, including southern Surguja district, Jashpur district, parts of Raigarh district, and other neighboring areas. Korw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koda Language
Koda, also known as Kora, Kaora, Korali, Korati, Kore, Mudi, or Mudikora, is an endangered Munda language of India and Bangladesh spoken by the Kora. The Kora mainly live in West Bengal, in the districts of Paschim Medinipur and Bankura, with a few in neighbouring Odisha and Jharkhand. In 2005, there were 1,300 speakers in the Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh, though many said that Bengali was their best language. Koda is closely related to the Kol language. Kim et al. (2010) considers Koda and Kol to be Mundari cluster languages. Koda-speaking villages include Kundang and Krishnupur in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh, while Kol villages include Babudaing village. Koda verbs are inflected for tense-aspect-mood and person, number, finite/infinite, subject/object, possessor, animacy and transitivity. In recent times Koda is code-mixing with Bangla: including vocabulary replacement and greater adoption of Bengali syntax. These processes are seen more in younger speakers. Shamim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mayurbhanj
Mayurbhanj district is one of the 30 districts of Odisha state in eastern India and the largest in the state by area, nearly equivalent to Tripura. The district's headquarters is located in Baripada, with other major towns including Rairangpur, Karanjia, and Bahalda. , Mayurbhanj ranks as the third-most populous district in Odisha, following Ganjam and Cuttack.The district is bounded in the North-East by Medinipur district of West Bengal, Singhbhum district of Jharkhand in the North-west, Baleshwar district in the South-East and by Kendujhar in the South-West. The district has a rich mineral base. It is home to the famous Similipal National park. Etymology The district owes its name to two medieval ruling dynasties, Mayura and Bhanja. It is believed that the native ruling Bhanja dynasty underwent socio-cultural exchange with the Mayura dynasty during their shifting of capital, adopting their name alongside Bhanja and renaming the state to Mayurbhanj. The peacock motif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
