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Khan Of Crimea
The Crimean Khanate was a state which existed in present-day southern Ukraine from 1441 until 1783. The position of Khan in Crimea was electoral and was picked by beys from four of the most noble families (also known as Qarachi beys: Argyns, Kipchaks, Shirins, and Baryns) at kurultai where the decision about a candidate was adopted.Giray - Khan dynasty of Crimea Khan's Palace website (unavailable currently). The newly elected Khan was raised on a white sheet and over him were read Islamic prayers, after that the Khan was triumphantly enthroned. List The following is the chronological table of reigns of[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hacı I Giray
Hacı I Giray Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (1397–1466) was the founder of the Crimean Khanate and the Giray dynasty of Crimea ruling from until his death in 1466. As the Golden Horde was breaking up, he established himself in Crimea and spent most of his life fighting off other warlords. He was usually allied with the Lithuanians. His name has many spellings, such as Haji-Girei and Melek Haji Girai (, ; , ). He is said to have introduced the new state symbol, ''taraq tamğa'', or "the trident of the Girays", which is derived from the scales insignia of the Golden Horde. A contemporary European source, ''The Chronicle of Dlugosz'', described him as a person of outstanding personal values and an effective governor. Origin of the Girays Milner (1855) tells this story. His original name was Devlet, and he was called Haji, although there seems to be no evidence that he had made the Hajj. As a boy, when his family was defeated, he was protected by a shepherd. When he grew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meñli I Giray
Meñli I GirayCrimean Tatar language, Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (1445–1515) was thrice the List of Crimean khans, khan of the Crimean Khanate (1466, 1469–1475, 1478–1515) and the sixth son of Hacı I Giray. Biography Struggle for power (1466–1478) It took Mengli twelve years to establish himself as khan. When Haji Girai died power went to his eldest son Nur Devlet. Mengli revolted. He was supported by the Crimean nobility while Nur Devlet was supported by the Great Horde. In 1467 Mengli occupied the capital of Kyrk-Er (Chufut-Kale) but was soon driven out by Nur Devlet and fled to the Genoese at Kaffa (city), Kaffa. In June 1468 a delegation of nobles elected him khan at Kaffa. He, the nobles and a Genoese detachment marched on the capital. After six months Nur Devlet was expelled and fled to the North Caucasus, but was captured and imprisoned in the Genoese fortress at Sudak. Second reign 1469–1475 He made an anti-Turkish alliance with Principality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selâmet I Giray
Selâmet I Giray Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish, and (1558–1610, reigned 1608–1610) was a khan of the Crimean Khanate. His early life was more complex than his 2-year reign. Most of his life involved dynastic conflicts with his brothers and nephews. Family All subsequent Crimean khans were descended from Selyamet, except for five who were sons or grandsons of his brothers. Selyamet was the youngest of the many sons of Devlet I Giray (1551–1577). His brothers were khans Mehmed II Giray (1577–1584, killed by Islyam), Islyam II Giray (1584–1588, died naturally), Gazi II Giray (1588–1607, followed by Selyamet) and Fetih I Giray (1596, interrupting Gazi II) and Alp, Shakai Mubarek and five others who died early. When he came to the throne he was the last surviving brother, so he had to deal with his nephews and their sons. These were, starting with Selyamet's brothers: Mehmed II (sons Murad, Safa, Saadet II Giray Mehmed_III_Giray.html" ;"title="ons Kumyk, Devlet, Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toqtamış Giray
Toqtamış Giray Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (1589–1608, reigned 1607–1608) ruled briefly as khan of the Crimean Khanate. He followed his father Gazi II Giray, was rejected by the Ottomans and killed by his successor Selâmet I Giray. In 1602, when Gazi left on his third Hungarian campaign, he appointed his 13-year-old son Tokhtamysh as kalga (''qalgha'', designated successor) and left him in nominal charge of Crimea. After he returned to Crimea in 1603 he sent Tokhtamysh with some troops back to Hungary. Gazi died in 1607. By custom, when a khan died power passed to his eldest surviving brother and then to his son. The clan leaders declared the new khan and then requested confirmation from the Ottoman sultan, who sometimes made another choice. Gazi's only living brother was the 50-year-old Selyamet, who was imprisoned in Anatolia. Gazi had made Tokhtamysh his kalga or designated successor. Further, Sultan Murad III (1574–1595) had promised that the khanship woul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fetih I Giray
Fetih I Giray Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (c. 1558–1597, reigned 1596–97) was briefly khan of the Crimean Khanate, interrupting the reign of his elder brother Ğazı II Giray (1588–1607). He was one of the many sons of Devlet I Giray. Khan Adil Giray (1666–1671) was said to be his grandson. Life When Gazi II became khan in 1588 Fetih was appointed Kalga. In 1592 he led a very successful raid south of the Oka River. War in Hungary During the Long Turkish War, Gazi fought in the Balkans in the Turkish service (1594–95). What Fetih did at this time does not seem to be recorded. In 1596 Gazi and Fetih set off for another campaign in Hungary. Gazi split his forces and remained in Wallachia to deal with some rebels and sent Fetih with 20000 men to Hungary where he met Sultan Murad III for the first time. Fetih went with Murad to the Siege of Eger (1596) in northeast Hungary. According to Gaivoronsky (?), after the place was taken, in October 1596 a large Habsbur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ğazı II Giray
Ğazı II Giray Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (1554 – November 1607) was Khan of the Crimean Khanate from 1588 to 1596 and again from 1597 until his death in 1607. Born in 1554, he distinguished himself in the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–1590, gaining the trust of his Ottoman suzerains. He was appointed khan in 1588, after his homeland experienced a period of political turmoil. He failed to capture Moscow during his 1591 campaign against Russia; however, he managed to secure a favorable peace treaty two years later. He was then summoned to support his Ottoman allies in the Long Turkish War, taking part in multiple military expeditions centered in Hungary. In late 1596, the Ottoman sultan briefly unseated Ğazı II Giray in favor of Fetih I Giray after heeding the advice of Grand Vizier Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha. He returned to power three months later, continuing his reign until his death in November 1607. Early life Ğazı Giray was born in 1554. Little is know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İslâm II Giray
İslâm II Giray Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and was Khan of the Crimean Khanate from 1584 to 1588. His long stay in Turkey, theological training, and possibly age, may have unfitted him to rule. Most of the fighting was done by his brother Alp Giray. He was one of the many sons of Devlet I Giray. His reign was briefly interrupted by the usurpation of his nephew Saadet, and much of his reign was spent in conflict with Saadet and his brothers, the sons of his murdered brother and predecessor, Mehmed II Giray. Unlike many Crimean khans he died of natural causes. Early life The year of his birth is not given. After his father Devlet I Giray came to the throne in 1551, Islyam was sent to the Sultan's court as a ''rekhin'' or kind of honorary hostage. Girays living in Istanbul could be put on the Crimean throne if the ruling khan was disobedient. He spent more than 30 years of his life in Turkey and at some point left the Ottoman court for the Mevlevi Order of Sufis at Konya, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saadet II Giray
Saadet II Giray Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (reigned 1584) was nominally a khan of the Crimean Khanate The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the longest-lived of th .... More accurately, he rebelled against his uncle and called himself khan, but was soon driven out. He was the son of Mehmed II Giray. When the Turks replaced Mehmed with İslâm II, Mehmed fled but was caught and killed. His sons reached safety on the steppes. Less than three months later Saadet returned with an army. Saadet took the capital and had the nobles name him khan. Islyam appealed to the Turks who sent troops and drove Saadet out of Crimea. He died at Astrakhan around 1588, possibly murdered by the Russians. For a fuller account see his father Mehmed II Giray and his adversary İslâm II Giray. His sons *Kumy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed II Giray
Mehmed II Giray, the Fat Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (1532–1584, reigned 1577–1584) was khan of the Crimean Khanate. During his reign he made at least three campaigns against Persia in the service of the Ottomans. He was overthrown by the Ottoman Empire for refusing another campaign. He was one of the numerous sons of Devlet I Giray. Five of his brothers were later Khans. He was called ''Semiz'' or 'the fat'. Because of his weight he avoided riding horseback and preferred to travel in a wagon drawn by six or eight horses. His use of a wagon contributed to his death. When he came to the throne he had no living uncles and six living brothers: Adil, Alp, Gazi, Fetkh, Mubarak and Selyamet. Saadet II Giray was his son. His many brothers, each of whom was a potential khan, caused trouble during his reign and after. Early life He was the son of khan Devlet I Giray (1551–1577). After the death of his elder brother Akhmed in 1555 he held the rank of Kalga or deputy khan an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devlet I Giray
Devlet I Giray (1512–1577, r. 1551–1577, , ; , ) was Khan of Crimea from 1551 to 1577. Events during his reign included the fall of Kazan to Russia in 1552, the fall of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia in 1556, and the burning of Moscow by the Crimean Tatars in 1571. Another notable event was the defeat of the Crimeans near Moscow in 1572. Cossack raids into the Crimea were also common during his reign. Early life and enthronement Devlet was the son of Mubarek Giray and the grandson of Meñli I Giray (1478–1515). After Meñli's death, the throne was held by Mubarek’s brothers and their sons until Devlet's accession. Thus, Devlet belonged to a collateral branch. Mubarek served Sultan Selim I and died fighting in Egypt in 1516–17. Devlet became Kalga to his uncle Saadet I Giray (1524–1532) in 1530. After Saadet's abdication in 1532, Devlet was imprisoned and followed his uncle to Istanbul. Girays in the Turkish military had the potential to become Crimean Khans. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahib I Giray
Sahib I Giray Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (1501–1551) was Khan of Kazan for three years and Khan of Crimea for nineteen years. His father was the Crimean Khan Meñli I Giray. Sahib was placed on the throne of Kazan by his ambitious brother Mehmed of Crimea and driven out of Kazan by the Russians. He became Khan of Crimea with Ottoman support and was expelled by the Turks for disobedience. During his reign Crimean troops fought for the Turks and also fought in the North Caucasus. In 1532-1584, during the long reigns of Sahib I Giray, Devlet I Giray and Mehmed II Giray, Crimea was at the height of its power. Family and early life Sahib's grandfather was the founder of the Giray dynasty, Hacı I Giray (c. 1441–1466). His father was Mengli Giray (1478–1515). His brothers included Mehmed I Giray (1515–1523), Saadet I Giray (1524–1532) and Mubarak (also spelled Mubarek). Wives Sahib's wives were: *Fatima Sultan; *Khanbike Sultan, sister of the Circassian Pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İslâm I Giray
İslâm I GirayCrimean Tatar language, Crimean Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and (?–1537) was for five months 1532 Khan of the Crimean Khanate. He was preceded and followed his uncles Saadet I Girai (1524–1532) and Sahib I Giray (1532–1551). His father was Mehmed I Giray (1515–1523). Islam spent most of his life (1524–1537) trying to take the throne from his uncles. He was once Khan and twice Kalga (title), Kalga or designated heir and co-ruler. He revolted three times, twice almost captured the khanship and once partitioned the Khanate between himself and his uncle. When not in Crimea he lived with the Nogai nomads. Life In 1523 his over-ambitious father, Mehmed I Girai was killed by the Nogais at Astrakhan. The Nogais then invaded Crimea and withdrew with their loot. During the raid Islam was captured. The khanship passed to Mehmed's oldest surviving son Ğazı I Giray (1523–24), but the nobles and Turks soon replaced him with Mehmed's brother Saadet I Girai. Islam was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
