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Karl Scherffer
Karl Scherffer (9 November 1716 – 24 July 1783) was an Austrian Jesuit mathematician and natural scientist. He contributed works in mathematics, optics and astronomy. He promoted the mathematical works of Leonhard Euler and the natural philosophy of Roger Joseph Boscovich. Scherffer was born in Gmunden Gmunden () is a town in Upper Austria, in the district of Gmunden (district), Gmunden. It has 13,204 inhabitants (estimates 2016 ). Geography Gmunden covers an area of and has a median elevation of . It is situated next to the lake Traunsee on t ... and studied at the Steyr Gymnasium. He joined the Jesuit order in 1736 and studied philosophy at Graz. He then taught humanities in Krems. He studied mathematics from Erasmus Fröhlich in Vienna around 1740–41. He went to the University of Graz around 1748 and graduated in philosophy. He taught mathematics at Graz and was also involved in work at the Graz Observatory. In 1750 he became a faculty of philosophy at the University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematical model, models, and mathematics#Calculus and analysis, change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians was Thales of Miletus (); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales's theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos () established the Pythagorean school, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Scientist
Natural science or empirical science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and reproducibility of findings are used to try to ensure the validity of scientific advances. Natural science can be divided into two main branches: life science and physical science. Life science is alternatively known as biology. Physical science is subdivided into branches: physics, astronomy, Earth science and chemistry. These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized branches (also known as fields). As empirical sciences, natural sciences use tools from the formal sciences, such as mathematics and logic, converting information about nature into measurements that can be explained as clear statements of the " laws of nature". Modern natural science succeeded more classical approaches to natural ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss polymath who was active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician, geographer, and engineer. He founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics, such as analytic number theory, complex analysis, and infinitesimal calculus. He also introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and Mathematical notation, notation, including the notion of a mathematical function. He is known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. Euler has been called a "universal genius" who "was fully equipped with almost unlimited powers of imagination, intellectual gifts and extraordinary memory". He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia. Euler is credited for popularizing the Greek letter \pi (lowercase Pi (letter), pi) to denote Pi, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger Joseph Boscovich
Roger Joseph Boscovich (, ; ; ; 18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a Croatian physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath from the Republic of Ragusa.Biography: Roger Joseph Boscovich, S.J. Fairchild University website. He studied and lived in Italy and France where he also published many of his works. Boscovich produced a precursor of atomic theory and made many contributions to , including the first geometric procedure for determining the |
Gmunden
Gmunden () is a town in Upper Austria, in the district of Gmunden (district), Gmunden. It has 13,204 inhabitants (estimates 2016 ). Geography Gmunden covers an area of and has a median elevation of . It is situated next to the lake Traunsee on the Traun River and is surrounded by high mountains, including the Traunstein (mountain), Traunstein (), the Erlakogel (), the Wilder Kogel () and the Höllengebirge. The municipality of Gmunden is divided into five boroughs: Gmunden, Gmunden-Ort, Schlagen, Traundorf, and Unterm Stein. Neighboring municipalities Population As of 2001, Gmunden had a population of 13,336; Approximately 88.4% were Austrians, Austrian by nationality, 1.5% are from other European Union states, and 10.2% are other foreigners. Largest non-EU minorities were from Bosnia and Herzegovina (3.6%) and the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, FR Yugoslavia (i.e. present-day Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo; 2.7%), followed by Turks in Austria, Turks (1.2%) and Germans in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krems, Carinthia
Krems in Kärnten is a municipality in the district of Spittal an der Drau (district), Spittal an der Drau in Carinthia (state), Carinthia in Austria. Geography The municipal area is located in the Krems Valley of northern Carinthia, at the border with the Austrian States of Austria, states of Salzburg (state), Salzburg (Tamsweg District, Lungau) and Styria (Upper Styria). It stretches down from the Lieser River, a tributary of the Drava, up to the Nock Mountains, part of the Gurktal Alps range. The village of Innerkrems is the starting point of the scenic Nockalm Road to Reichenau, Carinthia, Reichenau, in the north the Schönfeldsattel Pass leads to Thomatal (Bundschuh) in Salzburg. To the west, the Katschberg Pass road and the parallel Tauern Autobahn are significant transport routes. The mountainous region is a popular winter sport destination, including several Alpine skiing, ski slopes and platter lifts. The Krems municipality is subdivided into seven cadastral community, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erasmus Fröhlich
Erasmus Fröhlich (2 October 1700 – 7 July 1758) was an Austrian Jesuit mathematics teacher and numismatist. He also took an interest in history and astronomy. As a teacher at the Theresianum, he influenced a number of studies in the region in history, mathematics, and astronomy. He also served as the librarian at the Theresianum. Life and work Fröhlich was born in Graz and joined the Jesuit order at sixteen. After studies in Graz and Vienna he taught mathematics at Klagenfurt and Vienna. His mathematics students included Karl Scherffer and He also began to collect coins and study them. This interest was inspired by Father Christian Edschlager who had worked in Turkey and Greece and Father Karl Granelli. He wrote on coinage between 1733 and 1737 in ''Quatuor tentamina in re nummaria vetere'' and related works. In 1744 he wrote on coinage related to the time of Seleucus I Nicator ''Annales compendiarii regum et rerum Syriae'' (1744). This work included some historic and theo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1716 Births
Events January–March * January 16 – The application of the Nueva Planta decrees to Catalonia make it subject to the laws of the Crown of Castile, and abolishes the Principality of Catalonia as a political entity, concluding the Enlightenment in Spain, unification of Spain under Philip V of Spain, Philip V. * January 27 – The Tugaloo massacre changes the course of the Yamasee War, allying the Cherokee nation with the British province of South Carolina against the Muscogee, Creek Indian nation. * January 28 – The town of Crieff, Scotland, is burned to the ground by Jacobitism, Jacobites returning from the Battle of Sheriffmuir. * February 3 – The 1716 Algiers earthquake sequence began with an 7.0 mainshock that caused severe damage and killed 20,000 in Algeria. * February 10 – James Francis Edward Stuart, James Edward Stuart flees from Scotland to France with a handful of supporters, following the failure of the Jacobite rising of 171 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1783 Deaths
Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, 1782, treaties signed by the United States with the United Netherlands. * February 3 – American Revolutionary War: Great Britain acknowledges the independence of the United States of America. At this time, the Spanish government does not grant diplomatic recognition. * February 4 – American Revolutionary War: Great Britain formally declares that it will cease hostilities with the United States. * February 5 – 1783 Calabrian earthquakes: The first of a sequence of five earthquakes strikes Calabria, Italy (February 5–7, March 1 & 28), leaving 50,000 dead. * February 7 – The Great Siege of Gibraltar is abandoned. * February 26 – The United States Continental Army's Corps of Engineers is disbanded. * March 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Philosophers
Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin ''philosophia naturalis'') is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe, while ignoring any supernatural influence. It was dominant before the development of modern science. From the ancient world (at least since Aristotle) until the 19th century, ''natural philosophy'' was the common term for the study of physics (nature), a broad term that included botany, zoology, anthropology, and chemistry as well as what is now called physics. It was in the 19th century that the concept of science received its modern shape, with different subjects within science emerging, such as astronomy, biology, and physics. Institutions and communities devoted to science were founded. Isaac Newton's book '' Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'' (1687) (English: ''Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'') reflects the use of the term ''natural philosophy'' in the 17th century. Even in the 19th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
