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Juul
Juul Labs, Inc. (, stylized as JUUL Labs) is an American electronic cigarette company headquartered in San Francisco. Its flagship product is the Juul electronic cigarette, which Construction of electronic cigarettes, atomizes nicotine salts derived from tobacco supplied by Razor and blades model, one-time use cartridges. Juul Labs was co-founded by Adam Bowen and James Monsees as part of Pax Labs and started selling the Juul device in 2015. In 2017, Juul Labs was spun off from Pax Labs, after which Altria acquired a 35% stake in the company for $12.8 billion on December 20, 2018. Juul received a $2 billion bonus to distribute among its 1,500 employees. Juul stopped selling its original device in 2023, introducing the Juul 2. After a large social media marketing campaign, Juul became the most popular e-cigarette in the United States by the end of 2017 and had a market share of 72% as of September 2018. Juul also purchased ad space in Seventeen (American magazine) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pax Labs
Pax Labs (stylized as PAX Labs) is an American vaporizer (inhalation device), electronic vaporizer company founded in 2007 that markets the Pax vaporizers. The company developed the Juul (pronounced jewel) e-cigarette. Juul Labs was spun out as a separate company in 2017. History In 2005, two former tobacco smoking, cigarette smokers, Adam Bowen and James Monsees, met while they were Graduate school, graduate students in product-design at Stanford University and developed an e-cigarette called Ploom. Monsees and Bowen founded the Ploom company to distribute their e-cigarette in 2007. Unable to find support from financial institutions, Ploom relied on private investors to launch their products. In August 2016, Tyler Goldman joined Monsees and Bowen, becoming the CEO of Pax. The initial Ploom e-cigarette did not have commercial success; it experienced multiple technical errors that caused people to be burned, receive an electrical shock, and struggle to make the pod release the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Cigarette
An electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), or vape, is a device that simulates smoking. It consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank. Instead of smoke, the user inhales vapor. As such, using an e-cigarette is often called "vaping". The atomizer is a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution called e-liquid that cools into an aerosol of tiny droplets, vapor and air. The vapor mainly comprises propylene glycol and/or glycerin, usually with nicotine and flavoring. Its exact composition varies, and depends on matters such as user behavior. E-cigarettes are activated by taking a puff or pressing a button. Some look like traditional cigarettes, and most kinds are reusable. Nicotine is highly addictive. Users become physically and psychologically dependent. Limited evidence indicates that e-cigarettes are less addictive than smoking, with slower nicotine absorption rates. , quote="There is moderate evidence that r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Monsees
James Monsees is an American businessman, and the co-founder (with Adam Bowen) and former chief product officer of Juul Labs, an electronic cigarette company. Monsees is an alumnus of Whitfield School in St. Louis, Missouri. Monsees earned a BA in Physics and Studio Art from Kenyon College, followed by an MS in Product Design from Stanford University. In December 2018, following Altria Altria Group, Inc. (previously known as Philip Morris Companies, Inc. until 2003) is an American corporation and one of the world's largest producers and marketers of tobacco, cigarettes, and medical products in the treatment of illnesses ca ... taking a 35% stake in Juul, Monsees's net worth increased from an estimated $730 million to more than $1.1 billion. After subsequent write-downs of the value of Juul, Forbes no longer considers Monsees a billionaire. In March 2020, Monsees announced to his employees that he is stepping down as adviser and board member of Juul. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotine Salt
Nicotine salts are salts formed from nicotine and an acid. They are found naturally in tobacco leaves. Various acids can be used, leading to different conjugate bases paired with the ammonium form of nicotine. Research Research on nicotine salts is limited. Possible health risks of persistent inhalation of high levels of nicotine salts are not fully known. "Juul products use nicotine salts, which can lead to much more available nicotine," Principal Deputy Director Dr. Anne Schuchat of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated in September 2019. She also stated that the nicotine salts "cross the blood brain barrier and lead to potentially more effect on the developing brain in adolescents." Types A nicotine base and a weak acid such as benzoic acid or levulinic acid is used to form a nicotine salt. Across a sample of 23 nicotine salts available for public purchase, the three most common acids used in the formation of nicotine salts were lactic acid, benzoic ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Construction Of Electronic Cigarettes
An electronic cigarette is a handheld battery-powered vaporizer that simulates smoking, but without tobacco combustion. E-cigarette components include a mouthpiece (drip tip), a cartridge (liquid storage area), a heating element/ atomizer, a microprocessor, a battery, and some of them have an LED light on the end. An atomizer consists of a small heating element, or coil, that vaporizes e-liquid and a wicking material that draws liquid onto the coil. When the user inhales, a flow sensor activates the heating element that atomizes the liquid solution; most devices are manually activated by a push-button. The e-liquid reaches a temperature of roughly within a chamber to create an aerosolized vapor. The user inhales an aerosol, which is commonly but inaccurately called vapor, rather than cigarette smoke. Vaping is different from smoking, but there are some similarities, including the hand-to-mouth action of smoking and an aerosol that looks like cigarette smoke. The aerosol p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Bowen
Adam Bowen (born 1974/1975) is an American businessman, and the co-founder (with James Monsees) and currently advisor at Juul Labs, an electronic cigarette company. Bowen earned a BA in physics from Pomona College, followed by an MS in product design from Stanford University. Bowen and Monsees founded vaporizer company Pax Labs in 2007. Juul was spun off from Pax Labs in 2017. In December 2018, following tobacco company Altria taking a 35% stake in Juul, Bowen's net worth increased from an estimated $730 million to more than $1.1 billion. After subsequent write-downs of the value of Juul, ''Forbes ''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917. It has been owned by the Hong Kong–based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014. Its chairman and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes. The co ...'' no longer considers Bowen a billionaire as of 2020. Bowen is married, with three children, and lives in San Mateo, California. Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altria
Altria Group, Inc. (previously known as Philip Morris Companies, Inc. until 2003) is an American corporation and one of the world's largest producers and marketers of tobacco, cigarettes, and medical products in the treatment of illnesses caused by tobacco. It operates worldwide and is headquartered in the city of Richmond, Virginia. Altria is the parent company of Philip Morris USA, John Middleton Co., John Middleton, Inc., U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company, Inc., Philip Morris Capital Corporation, and NJOY, NJOY Holdings, Inc. Altria also maintains large minority stakes in Belgium-based brewer AB InBev and the Canadian Cannabis (drug), cannabis company Cronos Group. It is a component of the S&P 500 and was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1985 to 2008, dropping due to Corporate spin-off, spin-offs of Kraft Foods Inc. in 2007 and Philip Morris International in 2008. History Altria emerged from Philip Morris USA. The onset of "rebranding" of Philip Morri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotine
Nicotine is a natural product, naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and ''Duboisia hopwoodii'') and is widely used recreational drug use, recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve drug withdrawal, withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist. Nicotine constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Nicotine is also present at Parts-per notation, ppb concentrations in edible plants in the family Solanaceae, including potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants, though sources disagree on whether this has any biological significance to human consumers. It functions as an plant defense against herbivory, antiherbivore toxin; consequently, nicotine was widely used as an insecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health. The ''public'' can be as small as a handful of people or as large as a village or an entire city; in the case of a pandemic it may encompass several continents. The concept of ''health'' takes into account physical, psychological, and Well-being, social well-being, among other factors.What is the WHO definition of health? from the Preamble to the Constitution of WHO as adopted by the Internationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford University
Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University, is a Private university, private research university in Stanford, California, United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford (the eighth List of governors of California, governor of and then-incumbent List of United States senators from California, United States senator representing California) and his wife, Jane Stanford, Jane, in memory of their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., Leland Jr. The university admitted its first students in 1891, opening as a Mixed-sex education, coeducational and non-denominational institution. It struggled financially after Leland died in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, university Provost (education), provost Frederick Terman inspired an entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial culture to build a self-sufficient local industry (later Silicon Valley). In 1951, Stanfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wisconsin Department Of Financial Institutions
The Wisconsin Department of Financial Institutions (DFI) is an Ministry (government department), agency of the Wisconsin State governments of the United States, state government responsible for state regulation of financial institutions and educating the public about financial issues. The department headquarters are located at the Hill Farms State Office Building on the west side of Madison, Wisconsin. The current secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Revenue is Kathy Blumenfeld. She was appointed by Governor Tony Evers in January 2019. History The Constitution of Wisconsin, approved in 1848, specified in Article XI, Sections 4 and 5, that no banking law could be enacted in the state without a statewide amendment ratifying the change. Under this procedure, in 1852, the Wisconsin Legislature passe1852 Wisc. Act 479which first authorized the establishment of banks in the state and created the Office of Bank Comptroller—a statewide elected official empowered to oversee and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
