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Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev
Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev (, ; 18 August 176412 March 1811) was a Galician Jewish philologist, lexicographer, and Biblical scholar. He was a member of the Me'assefim group of Hebrew writers, and a "forceful proponent of revitalizing the Hebrew language". Biography Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev was born in the Galician town of Lelów and received a traditional Jewish education. He was married off at the age of 13 and settled in the home of his wife's parents in Kraków, where he spent his days studying Talmud and his nights clandestinely acquiring the knowledge of Hebrew philology and secular subjects. In 1787, he moved to Berlin, then the centre of the Haskalah. There, he supported himself by teaching Hebrew and began publishing poems and parables in the Hebrew press. Ben-Ze'ev became friends with the Me'assefim and contributed to their journal poems and fables signed "Y. L. K." (Yehuda Leib Krakow). In 1790, Ben-Ze'ev took up residence in Breslau (now Wrocław), where he wrote and publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lelów
Lelów ( - ''Lelov'') is a village in Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Lelów. It lies on the Białka river, approximately east of Częstochowa and north-east of the regional capital Katowice. In the Kingdom of Poland, Lelów was an important urban center of Lesser Poland, as a capital of a county which belonged to Kraków Voivodeship. History In the early days of the Kingdom of Poland, a gord was established on the ''Białka'' river bank, in a swampy area, which gave protection from invaders. First documented mention about Lelów appeared in the year 1193, in a document issued by Pope Celestine III. In 1246, during the period known as Fragmentation of Poland (see Feudal fragmentation), Prince Konrad I of Masovia initiated construction of the town, in the location of the ancient gord. In the early 14th century Lelów, which by then was property of Bishops of Kraków, was captu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philology
Philology () is the study of language in Oral tradition, oral and writing, written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also defined as the study of literary texts and oral and written records, the establishment of their authentication, authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a philologist. In older usage, especially British, philology is more general, covering comparative linguistics, comparative and historical linguistics. Classical philology studies classical languages. Classical philology principally originated from the Library of Pergamum and the Library of Alexandria around the fourth century BC, continued by Greeks and Romans throughout the Roman Empire, Roman and Byzantine Empire. It was eventually resumed by European scholars of the Renaissance humanism, Renaissance, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language And Thought
The study of how language influences thought and vice versa has a long history in a variety of fields. There are two bodies of thought forming around the debate. One body of thought stems from linguistics and is known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis. There is a strong and a weak version of the hypothesis that argue for more or less influence of language on thought. The strong version, linguistic determinism, argues that without language, there is and can be no thought (a largely-discredited idea), and the weak version, linguistic relativity, supports the idea that there are some influences from language on thought. On the opposing side, there are ' language of thought theories', which believe that public language is not essential to private thought though the possibility remains that private thought when infused with inessential language diverges in predilection, emphasis, tone, or subsequent recollection. Those theories address the debate of whether thought is possible without la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maamor
Maamor or ma'amar (Hebrew, plural: Ma'amarim (masculine); Ma'amaros (feminine)) is derived from the Hebrew word to 'speak/pronounce/express/say'. It literally means an 'expression/statement/enunciation', or in a broader sense 'teaching/lesson/discourse'. It is sometimes used in traditional Judaism for a printed study of Torah teachings. Among particular connotations are: *Pirkei Avot (Mishnaic, 'Ethics of the Fathers') states that God created the world with ''asarah ma'amaros'' meaning ten of His "expressions", or commands, interpreted in Kabbalah as the 10 Sefirot. *Maamarim (Chabad) is the term used in the Chabad Hasidic dynasty for the central mystical "discourses" in Hasidic thought of each of its 7 leaders. *In the Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin it refers to a type of public lecture combining a variety of schools of rabbinic thought by Rabbi Yitzchok Hutner Yitzchak Hutner (; 1906November 28, 1980), also known as Isaac Hutner, was an American Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva (de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody () is the study of elements of speech, including intonation, stress, rhythm and loudness, that occur simultaneously with individual phonetic segments: vowels and consonants. Often, prosody specifically refers to such elements, known as ''suprasegmentals'', when they extend across more than one phonetic segment. Prosody reflects the nuanced emotional features of the speaker or of their utterances: their obvious or underlying emotional state, the form of utterance (statement, question, or command), the presence of irony or sarcasm, certain emphasis on words or morphemes, contrast, focus, and so on. Prosody displays elements of language that are not encoded by grammar, punctuation or choice of vocabulary. Attributes of prosody In the study of prosodic aspects of speech, it is usual to distinguish between auditory measures ( subjective impressions produced in the mind of the listener) and objective measures (physical properties of the sound wave and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syntax
In linguistics, syntax ( ) is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language. Etymology The word ''syntax'' comes from the ancient Greek word , meaning an orderly or systematic arrangement, which consists of (''syn-'', "together" or "alike"), and (''táxis'', "arrangement"). In Hellenistic Greek, this also specifically developed a use referring to the grammatical order of words, with a slightly altered spelling: . The English term, which first appeared in 1548, is partly borrowed from Latin () and Greek, though the L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ben Zeev Talmud
Ben is frequently used as a shortened version of the given names Benjamin, Benedict, Bennett, Benson or Ebenezer, and is also a given name in its own right. Ben meaning "son of" is also found in Arabic as ''Ben'' (dialectal Arabic) or ''bin'' (بن), ''Ibn''/''ebn'' (ابن). Ben (賁/便嗯 ) is a Chinese surname. People with the given name * Ben Adams (born 1981), member of the British boy band A1 * Ben Affleck (born 1972), American Academy Award-winning actor and screenwriter * Ben Ashkenazy (born 1968/69), American billionaire real estate developer * Ben Askren (born 1984), American sport wrestler and mixed martial artist * Ben Axtman (born 1933), American politician * Ben Bailey (born 1970), American comedian and game show host * Ben Banogu (born 1996), American football player * Ben Barba (born 1989), Australian rugby player * Ben Barnes (other), multiple people * Ben Bartch (born 1998), American football player * Ben Bartlett, British composer * Ben Becke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Edler Von Schmid
Anton Edler von Schmid (23 January 1765 – 27 June 1855) was an Austrian printer and publisher of Hebrew books. Early life and education Anton Schmid was born in Zwettl, Lower Austria. His father, a cook at the Zwettl monastery, destined him for the clerical career, and with this view Anton received a collegiate education at the Abbey. He continued his studies at the Zwettl seminary in Vienna to prepare himself for the university, but, declining to become a clergyman, he had to leave the institution. In May 1785, he entered as an apprentice the establishment of the court printer Josef von Kurzböck, who at that time was engaged in printing Illyrian, Wallachian, and Russian writings, and, prompted by Emperor Joseph II, began to set up the printing of Hebrew and Oriental books. For this purpose, the emperor allowed some of Kurzböck's typesetters, among them Schmid, to attend the Academy of Oriental Languages. Career Schmid in consequence was assigned to Hebrew typesetting, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Get (divorce Document)
A , ghet, or ''gett'' (; , plural ) is a document in Jewish religious law which effectuates a divorce between a Jewish couple. The term is also used to refer to the divorce itself. The ''get'' is a 12-line document written in Aramaic. The requirements for a ''get'' include that the document must be presented by a husband to his wife. The essential part of the ' is a very short declaration: "You are hereby permitted to all men". The effect of the ''get'' is to free the woman from the marriage, and consequently, she is free to marry another, and that the laws of adultery no longer apply. The ' also restores to the wife the legal rights that her husband held over her. Etymology The biblical term for the divorce document, described in , is "Sefer Keritut" (). The word may have its origins in the Sumerian word for document . It appears to have passed from Sumerian into Akkadian as and from there into Mishnaic Hebrew. In the Mishnah, can refer to any legal document althoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Judith
The Book of Judith is a deuterocanonical book included in the Septuagint and the Catholic Church, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Christian Old Testament of the Bible but Development of the Hebrew Bible canon, excluded from the Hebrew canon and assigned by Protestants to the Biblical apocrypha, apocrypha. It tells of a Judaism, Jewish widow, Judith, who uses her beauty and charm to kill an Neo-Assyrian Empire, Assyrian general who has besieged her city, Bethulia. With this act, she saves nearby Jerusalem from total destruction. The name Judith (), meaning "praised" or "Jewess", is the feminine form of Judah (son of Jacob), Judah. The surviving manuscripts of Greek translations appear to contain several historical anachronisms, which is why some Protestant scholars now consider the book ahistorical. Instead, the book is classified as a parable, Theological fiction, theological novel, or even the first Historical fiction#Historical novel, historical novel. The Cat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koine Greek
Koine Greek (, ), also variously known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the koiné language, common supra-regional form of Greek language, Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire. It evolved from the spread of Greek following the conquests of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC, and served as the lingua franca of much of the Mediterranean region and the Middle East during the following centuries . It was based mainly on Attic Greek, Attic and related Ionic Greek, Ionic speech forms, with various admixtures brought about through dialect levelling with other varieties. Koine Greek included styles ranging from conservative literary forms to the spoken vernaculars of the time. As the dominant language of the Byzantine Empire, it developed further into Medieval Greek, which then turned into Modern Greek. Literary Koine was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Delitzsch
Franz Delitzsch (23 February 1813, in Leipzig – 4 March 1890, in Leipzig) was a German Lutheran theologian and Hebraist. Delitzsch wrote many commentaries on books of the Bible, Jewish antiquities, Biblical psychology, as well as a history of Jewish poetry, and works of Christian apologetics. Today, Delitzsch is best known for his translation of the New Testament into Hebrew (1877), and his series of commentaries on the Old Testament published with Johann Friedrich Karl Keil, Carl Friedrich Keil. Delitzsch's son, Friedrich Delitzsch (1850–1922), was an influential Assyriology, Assyriologist and author of works on Assyrian language, literature, and history. Biography Although Delitzsch was Christian, he was often supposed to be of Jewish ancestry, due to the unusual breadth of his rabbinical learning, as well as his strong sympathy with the Jewish people, whom he defended against attacks. His family circumstances were also unusual, in that he had a Jewish benefactor who lived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
