|
Juaneño Language
The Acjachemen () are an Indigenous people of California. Published maps often identify their ancestral lands as extending from the beach to the mountains, south from what is now known as Aliso Creek in Orange County to Las Pulgas Canyon in the northwestern part of San Diego County. However, sources also show that Acjachemen people shared sites with other Indigenous nations as far north as Puvunga in contemporary Long Beach. The Acjachemen language does not have any fluent speakers. It is closely related to the Luiseño language still spoken by the neighboring Payómkawichum (Luiseño) people. Name Spanish colonists called the Acjachemen Juaneños, following their conversion to Christianity at Mission San Juan Capistrano in the late 18th century. Today, many contemporary members of organizations for Acjachemen descendants prefer the term ''Acjachemen'' as their autonym, or name for themselves. The name is derived from the village of Acjacheme, which was less than 60 yar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José De Grácia Cruz
José de Grácia Cruz (c. 1848 – 1924) was a Acjachemen man who was born in 1848 at Mission San Juan Capistrano. He was known for his work as a Bell-ringer, bell ringer at the mission, as an artisan, a flutist in a native orchestra that would play at the mission, a sheep shearer, and for his knowledge of the Juaneño language and village sites, including Puvunga. He was also the source of the story of the mission's swallows in St. John O'Sullivan's ''Capistrano Nights'' (1930). He was referred to locally as "Acǘ," a nickname that was reportedly given to him as a child by his parents.{{Cite book , title=Capistrano Nights , publisher=Wildside Press , year=2007 , isbn=9781434489722 , pages= , orig-date=1930 Life Gracia Cruz was born at Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1848. He lived his whole life in the town and had relatives in the native village of Temecula, California, Temecula. His father, Lázaro, was a bell ringer at the Mission, and he inherited this position from him. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acjacheme
Acjacheme ("a heap of animated things") was an Acjachemen village that was closely situated to the mother village of Putuidem in what is now San Juan Capistrano, California. The Spanish missionaries constructed Mission San Juan Capistrano less than 60 yards from the village in 1776. ''Acjachemen'' is a pluralization of the word ''Acjacheme'', and became the moniker for the people overall after the mission period. The village has also been referred to as Akhachmai, Ahachmai, Akagchemem, Acágcheme'','' and Axatcme. The village site has been identified as being at an elementary school east of the Mission San Juan Capistrano by José de Grácia Cruz, who was one of the last native people born at the mission in the 1840s. ''Ahachmai'' has been referred to as a dialect or variety of the Acjachemen language and is used, although less commonly, to refer to the people as a whole. History Gerónimo Boscana noted that the village "was later ruled by a relative called Choqual," who als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José María De Echeandía
José María de Echeandía (?–1871) was the Mexican governor of Alta California from 1825 to 1831 and again from 1832 to 1833. He was the only governor of The Californias that lived in San Diego.José Bandini, in a note to Governor Echeandía or to his son Juan Bandini, a member of the Territorial Deputation (legislature), noted that Alta California was bounded "on the east, where the Government has not yet established the xactborder line, by either the Colorado River or the great Sierra (''Sierra Nevadas'')." ''A Description of California in 1828 by José Bandini'' (Berkeley, Friends of the Bancroft Library, 1951), 3. Reprinted in ''Mexican California'' (New York, Arno Press, 1976). Personal life He was a Lieutenant-Colonel connected with a college of engineers in Mexico. He moved to north to Monterey at appointment, leaving his wife and four daughters in Mexico with an olive oil mill he owned. He asked Mexico to give half of his government pay to his Wife. In 1855, he r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juaneño Mortars
The Acjachemen () are an Indigenous people of California. Published maps often identify their ancestral lands as extending from the beach to the mountains, south from what is now known as Aliso Creek (Orange County), Aliso Creek in Orange County, California, Orange County to Las Pulgas Canyon in the northwestern part of San Diego County, California, San Diego County. However, sources also show that Acjachemen people shared sites with other Indigenous nations as far north as Puvunga in contemporary Long Beach. The Acjachemen language does not have any fluent speakers. It is closely related to the Luiseño language still spoken by the neighboring Payómkawichum (Luiseño) people. Name Spanish colonists called the Acjachemen Juaneños, following their conversion to Christianity at Mission San Juan Capistrano in the late 18th century. Today, many contemporary members of organizations for Acjachemen descendants prefer the term ''Acjachemen'' as their autonym, or name for themselves. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerónimo Boscana
Jerónimo (European Portuguese and Spanish) or Jerônimo (Brazilian Portuguese) may refer to: * Jerónimo (name), a given or surname, Jerome in English ** Jeronimo (singer) (born 1990), Dutch pop singer and actor ** Jerônimo, a Brazilian indigenous politician * A variant spelling of Geronimo, Apache leader * Jeronimo (band), German band of the 1970s * ''Jeronimo: The Untold Tale of Koreans in Cuba'', a documentary film about Jeronimo Lim Kim * Jeronimo, a fictional town in Paul Theroux's 1981 novel '' The Mosquito Coast'' and the 1986 feature film it inspired. * A character in ''The Baroque Cycle'' by Neal Stephenson See also * San Jerónimo (other) * * Jerome (other) * Saint Jerome (other) * Geronimo (other) * San Geronimo (other) * Geronimus (other) Geronimus may refer to: * Arline Geronimus, American public health researcher * Yakov Lazarevich Geronimus (1898–1984), a Russian mathematician known for contributions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.Gerald O'Collins, O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites#Churches, ''sui iuris'' (autonomous) churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and Eparchy, eparchies List of Catholic dioceses (structured view), around the world, each overseen by one or more Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishops. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the Papal supremacy, chief pastor of the church. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monjeríos
''Monjeríos'' (, from ''monjería'', "cloister") were quarters within a Colonialism, colonial Spanish missions in the Americas, Spanish mission for the housing (under conditions of near-imprisonment) of unmarried Indigenous Californian girls and single women. Girls were taken away from their parents to the ''monjeríos'' at around the age of seven until marriage. The quarters functioned as a form of social control at the missions for conversion to Catholicism, regulation of the sexuality of girls and women, and for the rearing of Indigenous children as a labor source. The ''monjeríos'' instituted family separation on Indigenous Californian, Indigenous peoples, with reports of sexual abuse. Resistance and rebellions toward the ''monjeríos'' occurred. There were ''monjeríos'' at all of the Spanish missions in California, often multiple at a single site. There were similar quarters for Indigenous boys and single men known as ''jayuntes''. The ''monjeríos'' were not disbanded unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Tenure
In Common law#History, common law systems, land tenure, from the French verb "" means "to hold", is the legal regime in which land "owned" by an individual is possessed by someone else who is said to "hold" the land, based on an agreement between both individuals. It determines who can use land, for how long and under what conditions. Tenure may be based both on official laws and policies, and on informal local customs (insofar higher law does allow that). In other words, land tenure implies a system according to which land is held by an individual or the actual farmer, tiller of the land but this person does not have legal ownership. It determines the holder's rights and responsibilities in connection with their holding. The sovereign monarch, known in England as the Crown, held land in its own right. All land holders are either its tenants or sub-tenants. ''Tenure'' signifies a legal relationship between tenant and lord, arranging the duties and rights of tenant and lord in r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mission San Gabriel
Mission (from Latin 'the act of sending out'), Missions or The Mission may refer to: Geography Australia *Mission River (Queensland) Canada *Mission, British Columbia, a district municipality *Mission, Calgary, Alberta, a neighbourhood * Okanagan Mission, a neighbourhood in Kelowna, British Columbia, commonly called "the Mission" *Mission River, a short river located at the delta of the Kaministiquia River of northern Ontario, Canada * Mission Ridge (British Columbia), a ridge in BC * Mission Ridge Ski Area, a Ski Area near the ridge in BC *Mission Lake, a lake in Saskatchewan United States * Mission, Delaware, an unincorporated community * Mission, Kansas, a city * Mission, Michigan, an unincorporated community * Mission, Minnesota, an unincorporated community * Mission, Oregon, an unincorporated community and census-designated place * Mission, South Dakota, a city * Mission, Texas, a city * Mission District, San Francisco, a neighborhood in San Francisco, Californi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spain
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state. Spanning across the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands, in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands, in the Western Mediterranean Sea, and the Autonomous communities of Spain#Autonomous cities, autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and List of largest cities in Spain, largest city is Madrid, and other major List of metropolitan areas in Spain, urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junípero Serra
Saint Junípero Serra Ferrer (; ; November 24, 1713August 28, 1784), popularly known simply as Junipero Serra, was a Spanish Roman Catholic, Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Order. He is credited with establishing the Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. He founded a mission in Baja California and established eight of the 21 Spanish missions in California from San Diego to San Francisco, in what was then Spanish-occupied Alta California in the Province of Las Californias of New Spain. Serra was beatification, beatified by Pope John Paul II on 25 September 1988 in Vatican City. Amid denunciations from Native American tribes who accused Serra of presiding over a brutal colonial subjugation, Pope Francis canonized Serra on 23 September 2015 at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C., during his 2015 visit by Pope Francis to North America, visit to the United States. Serra's missionary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mission San Diego
Mission (from Latin 'the act of sending out'), Missions or The Mission may refer to: Geography Australia *Mission River (Queensland) Canada *Mission, British Columbia, a district municipality *Mission, Calgary, Alberta, a neighbourhood * Okanagan Mission, a neighbourhood in Kelowna, British Columbia, commonly called "the Mission" *Mission River, a short river located at the delta of the Kaministiquia River of northern Ontario, Canada * Mission Ridge (British Columbia), a ridge in BC * Mission Ridge Ski Area, a Ski Area near the ridge in BC *Mission Lake, a lake in Saskatchewan United States * Mission, Delaware, an unincorporated community * Mission, Kansas, a city * Mission, Michigan, an unincorporated community * Mission, Minnesota, an unincorporated community * Mission, Oregon, an unincorporated community and census-designated place * Mission, South Dakota, a city * Mission, Texas, a city * Mission District, San Francisco, a neighborhood in San Francisco, Californi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
