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Jones Diagram
A Jones diagram is a type of Cartesian graph developed by Loyd A. Jones in the 1940s, where each axis represents a different variable. In a Jones diagram opposite directions of an axis represent different quantities, unlike in a Cartesian graph where they represent positive or negative signs of the same quantity. The Jones diagram therefore represents four variables. Each quadrant shares the vertical axis with its horizontal neighbor, and the horizontal axis with the vertical neighbor. For example, the top left quadrant shares its vertical axis with the top right quadrant, and the horizontal axis with the bottom left quadrant. The overall system response is in quadrant I; the variables that contribute to it are in quadrants II through IV. Jones diagrams in photography A common application of Jones diagrams is in photography, specifically in displaying sensitivity to light with what are also called " tone reproduction diagrams". These diagrams are used in the design of photogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camera Focal Length Vs Crop Factor Vs Angle Of View
A camera is an instrument used to capture and store images and videos, either digitally via an electronic image sensor, or chemically via a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. As a pivotal technology in the fields of photography and videography, cameras have played a significant role in the progression of visual arts, media, entertainment, surveillance, and scientific research. The invention of the camera dates back to the 19th century and has since evolved with advancements in technology, leading to a vast array of types and models in the 21st century. Cameras function through a combination of multiple mechanical components and principles. These include exposure control, which regulates the amount of light reaching the sensor or film; the lens, which focuses the light; the viewfinder, which allows the user to preview the scene; and the film or sensor, which captures the image. Several types of camera exist, each suited to specific uses and offering unique cap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartesian Coordinate System
In geometry, a Cartesian coordinate system (, ) in a plane (geometry), plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point (geometry), point uniquely by a pair of real numbers called ''coordinates'', which are the positive and negative numbers, signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, called ''coordinate lines'', ''coordinate axes'' or just ''axes'' (plural of ''axis'') of the system. The point where the axes meet is called the ''Origin (mathematics), origin'' and has as coordinates. The axes direction (geometry), directions represent an orthogonal basis. The combination of origin and basis forms a coordinate frame called the Cartesian frame. Similarly, the position of any point in three-dimensional space can be specified by three ''Cartesian coordinates'', which are the signed distances from the point to three mutually perpendicular planes. More generally, Cartesian coordinates specify the point in an -dimensional Euclidean space for any di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loyd A
Loyd may refer to: Places United States * Loyd, Colorado * Loyd, Illinois * Loyd, Louisiana * Loyd, Mississippi * Loyd, Wisconsin, unincorporated community People Given name * Loyd Auerbach, professor of parapsychology * Loyd Blankenship (born 1965), American computer hacker and author * Loyd Christopher (1919–1991), American Major League Baseball outfielder (Boston Red Sox) * Loyd Colson (born 1947), American Major League Baseball pitcher * Loyd Gentry, Jr. (1925–2012), American horse trainer * Loyd Grossman (born 1950), Anglo-American television presenter * Loyd Jowers (1927–2000), American accused of involvement in Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination * Loyd Phillips (1945–2020), American football player * Loyd Sigmon (1909–2004), American radio broadcaster * Loyd Wheaton (1838–1918), United States general Surname * Anthony Loyd (born 1966), English journalist * Arthur Loyd (1882–1944), English Conservative Party politician * Brian Loyd (born 1973), A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variable (mathematics)
In mathematics, a variable (from Latin language, Latin ) is a Mathematical symbol, symbol, typically a letter, that refers to an unspecified mathematical object. One says colloquially that the variable ''represents'' or ''denotes'' the object, and that any valid candidate for the object is the value (mathematics), value of the variable. The values a variable can take are usually of the same kind, often numbers. More specifically, the values involved may form a Set (mathematics), set, such as the set of real numbers. The object may not always exist, or it might be uncertain whether any valid candidate exists or not. For example, one could represent two integers by the variables and and require that the value of the square of is twice the square of , which in algebraic notation can be written . A definitive proof that this relationship is impossible to satisfy when and are restricted to integer numbers isn't obvious, but it has been known since ancient times and has had a big ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sign (mathematics)
In mathematics, the sign of a real number is its property of being either positive, negative, or 0. Depending on local conventions, zero may be considered as having its own unique sign, having no sign, or having both positive and negative sign. In some contexts, it makes sense to distinguish between a positive and a negative zero. In mathematics and physics, the phrase "change of sign" is associated with exchanging an object for its additive inverse (multiplication with −1, negation), an operation which is not restricted to real numbers. It applies among other objects to vectors, matrices, and complex numbers, which are not prescribed to be only either positive, negative, or zero. The word "sign" is also often used to indicate binary aspects of mathematical or scientific objects, such as odd and even ( sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation ( cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other concepts described in below. Sign of a number Numbers from various number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadrant (plane Geometry)
The axes of a two-dimensional Cartesian system divide the plane into four infinite regions, called quadrants, each bounded by two half-axes. The axes themselves are, in general, not part of the respective quadrants. These are often numbered from 1st to 4th and denoted by Roman numerals: I (where the signs of the (''x''; ''y'') coordinates are I (+; +), II (−; +), III (−; −), and IV (+; −). When the axes are drawn according to the mathematical custom, the numbering goes counter-clockwise starting from the upper right ("northeast") quadrant. Mnemonic In the above graphic, the words in quotation marks are a mnemonic A mnemonic device ( ), memory trick or memory device is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval in the human memory, often by associating the information with something that is easier to remember. It makes use of e ... for remembering which three trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jones Diagram US6484631Fig1
Jones or Joneses may refer to: People and fictional characters *Jones (surname), a common Welsh and English surname *List of people with surname Jones, including fictional characters **Justice Jones (other) ** Judge Jones (other) *Jones (singer), a British singer-songwriter * Jones of Faerdref Uchaf, a Welsh noble family * Generation Jones, the generation of people born between 1954 and 1965 * Jones (''Animal Farm''), a human character in George Orwell's novel ''Animal Farm'' Places *Jones (Martian crater), an impact crater on Mars * Jones, Ontario, Canada *Jones, Isabela, Philippines *Banton, Romblon, Philippines (formerly as ''Jones'') United States * Jones, Alabama * Jones, Illinois *Jones, Kentucky * Jones, Michigan * Jones, Oklahoma *Jones, West Virginia *Jones Township (other) Arts and entertainment * "Jones" (''Law & Order: Criminal Intent''), an episode of the TV series *"Jones", a song from the album '' Certain Things Are Likely'' by Kissing t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photography
Photography is the visual arts, art, application, and practice of creating images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication. A person who operates a camera to capture or take Photograph, photographs is called a photographer, while the captured image, also known as a photograph, is the result produced by the camera. Typically, a lens is used to focus (optics), focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed Exposure (photography), exposure. With an electronic image sensor, this produces an Charge-coupled device, electrical charge at each pixel, which is Image processing, electro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tone Reproduction
In the theory of photography, tone reproduction is the mapping of scene luminance and color to print reflectance or display luminance, with the aim of subjectively "properly" reproducing brightness and "brightness differences". The reproduction of color scenes in black-and-white tones is one of the long-time concerns of photographers. A tone reproduction curve is often referred to by its initials, TRC, and the 'R' is sometimes said to stand for ''response,'' as in tone response curve. In photography In photography, the differences between an "objective" and "subjective" tone reproduction, and between "accurate" and "preferred" tone reproduction, have long been recognized. Many steps in the process of photography are recognized as having their own nonlinear curves, which in combination form the overall tone reproduction curve; the Jones diagram was developed as a way to illustrate and combine curves, to study and explain the photographic process. The luminance range of a scene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photographic Film
Photographic film is a strip or sheet of transparent film base coated on one side with a gelatin photographic emulsion, emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals. The sizes and other characteristics of the crystals determine the sensitivity, contrast, and image resolution, resolution of the film. Film is typically segmented in ''frames'', that give rise to separate photographs. The emulsion will gradually darken if left exposed to light, but the process is too slow and incomplete to be of any practical use. Instead, a very short exposure (photography), exposure to the image formed by a camera lens is used to produce only a very slight chemical change, proportional to the amount of light absorbed by each crystal. This creates an invisible latent image in the emulsion, which can be chemically photographic processing, developed into a visible photograph. In addition to visible light, all films are sensitive to ultraviolet light, X-rays, gamma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photographic Paper
Photographic paper is a coated paper, paper coated with a light-sensitive chemical, used for making photographic prints. When photographic paper is exposed to light, it captures a latent image that is then Photographic developer, developed to form a visible image; with most papers the image density from exposure can be sufficient to not require further development, aside from fixing and clearing, though latent exposure is also usually present. The light-sensitive layer of the paper is called the emulsion, and functions similarly to photographic film. The most common chemistry used is Gelatin silver print, gelatin silver, but other alternatives have also been used. The print image is traditionally produced by interposing a Negative (photography), photographic negative between the light source and the paper, either by direct contact with a large negative (forming a contact print) or by projecting the shadow of the negative onto the paper (producing an enlargement). The initial light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobweb Plot
A cobweb plot, known also as Lémeray Diagram or Verhulst diagram is a visual tool used in dynamical systems, a field of mathematics to investigate the qualitative behaviour of one-dimensional iterated functions, such as the logistic map. The technique was introduced in the 1890s by E.-M. Lémeray. Using a cobweb plot, it is possible to infer the long-term status of an initial condition under repeated application of a map. Method For a given iterated function f:\mathbb\rightarrow\mathbb, the plot consists of a diagonal (x=y) line and a curve representing y = f(x). To plot the behaviour of a value x_0, apply the following steps. # Find the point on the function curve with an x-coordinate of x_0. This has the coordinates (x_0, f(x_0)). # Plot horizontally across from this point to the diagonal line. This has the coordinates (f(x_0), f(x_0)). # Plot vertically from the point on the diagonal to the function curve. This has the coordinates (f(x_0), f(f(x_0))). # Repeat from step 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
