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Jesuit's Bark
Jesuit's bark, also known as cinchona bark, Peruvian bark or China bark, is a former remedy for malaria, as the bark contains quinine, used to treat the disease. The bark of several species of the genus ''Cinchona'', family Rubiaceae indigenous to the western Andes of South America, was introduced to Jesuit missionaries during the 17th century as a traditional treatment for malaria by indigenous people in Peru. History The postcolonial history of cinchona bark dates back more than 350 years. Circa 1650, the physician Sebastiano Bado declared that this bark had proved more precious to mankind than all the gold and silver that the Spaniards had obtained from South America. In the 18th century, the Italian professor of medicine Bernardino Ramazzini said that the introduction of Peruvian bark would be of the same importance to medicine that the discovery of gunpowder was to the art of war, an opinion endorsed by contemporary writers on the history of medicine. The value of Jesuit's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cinchona Officinalis 001
''Cinchona'' (pronounced or ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. All are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are reportedly naturalized in Central America, Jamaica, French Polynesia, Sulawesi, Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, and São Tomé and Príncipe off the coast of tropical Africa, and others have been cultivated in India and Java, where they have formed hybrids. ''Cinchona'' has been historically sought after for its medicinal value, as the bark of several species yields quinine and other alkaloids. These were the only effective treatments against malaria during the height of European colonialism, which made them of great economic and political importance. Trees in the genus are also known as fever trees because of their antimalarial properties. The artificial synthesis of quinine in 1944, an increase in resistant forms of malaria, and the emergence of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebastiano Bado Book
Sebastiano is both a masculine Italian given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: * Sebastiano Antonio Tanara (1650–1724), Italian cardinal * Sebastiano Baggio (1913–1993), Italian clergyman * Sebastiano Bianchi (16th century), Italian engraver * Sebastiano Bombelli (1635–1724), Italian painter * Sebastiano Brunetti (died 1649), Italian painter * Sebastiano Caracciolo (1922–2013), Italian Freemason * Sebastiano Carezo (fl. 1780), Spanish dancer (''Sebastián Cerezo'') * Sebastiano Conca (c. 1680 – 1764), Italian painter * Sebastiano Dolci (1699–1777), Croatian writer * Sebastiano Esposito (born 2002), Italian footballer * Sebastiano Filippi (c. 1536 – 1602), Italian late Renaissance-Mannerist painter * Sebastiano Galeotti (1656–1746), Italian painter * Sebastiano Ghezzi (1580–1645), Italian painter and architect * Sebastiano Guala (17th century), Italian church architect * Sebastiano Giuseppe Locati (1861–1939), Italian architect * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Da Fonseca
Gabriel da Fonseca (February 1586 - 12 December 1668) was a Portuguese New Christian physician who worked as Pope Innocent X’s personal physician. He settled in Rome in the 1620s, spending his career treating high-ranking Roman Catholic clergymen. He died in Parione in 1668. A bust of Fonseca, sculpted by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, is located in the basilica of San Lorenzo in Lucina. Background Gabriel da Fonseca was born in Lamego in late February 1586 to Lisbon treasurer Diogo Rodrigues Fonseca and Isabel Gomes. He studied at the University of Pisa in 1603, receiving his doctorate in 1609. It was common for Portuguese physicians to study in Italy during this time due to the prestige Italian institutions offered. It is possible Fonseca left Portugal to hide his Jewish origins, as Philip II of Portugal had, in 1604, by royal decree, officially excluded Jews from studying or practicing medicine. Fonseca's uncle, Rodrigo da Fonseca, was already an established physician in Pisa, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John De Lugo
John de Lugo (also Juan de Lugo y de Quiroga and Xoan de Lugo; 17 October 164420 August 1660), a Spanish Jesuit and Cardinal, was an eminent scholastic theologian of the Baroque period. Juan de Lugo y de Quiroga Early life and education He was born in November, 1583 in , though he used to call himself a "Hispalensis", because his family seat was at . Both his father (also named Juan de Lugo) and his mother (Teresa de Quiroga, whose family name he bore for a time as was custom for the second son) were of noble birth. ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dauphin Of France
Dauphin of France (, also ; ), originally Dauphin of Viennois (''Dauphin de Viennois''), was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791, and from 1824 to 1830. The word ''dauphin'' is French for dolphin and was the hereditary title of the ruler of the Dauphiné of Viennois. While early heirs were granted these lands to rule, eventually only the title was granted. History Guigues IV, Count of Vienne, had a dolphin on his coat of arms and was nicknamed ''le Dauphin''. The title of Dauphin de Viennois descended in his family until 1349, when Humbert II sold his seigneury, called the Dauphiné, to King Philippe VI on condition that the heir of France assume the title of ''le Dauphin''. The wife of the Dauphin was known as ''la Dauphine''. The first French prince called ''le Dauphin'' was Charles the Wise, later ascending to the throne as Charles V of France. The title was roughly equivalent to the Spanish '' Prince of Asturias'', the Por ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XIV Of France
LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reigning monarchs, longest of any monarch in history. An emblem of the Absolutism (European history), age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's legacy includes French colonial empire, French colonial expansion, the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War involving the Habsburgs, and a controlling influence on the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, style of fine arts and architecture in France, including the transformation of the Palace of Versailles into a center of royal power and politics. Louis XIV's pageantry and opulence helped define the French Baroque architecture, French Baroque style of art and architecture and promoted his image as absolute ruler of France in the early modern period. Louis XIV began his personal rule of France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bartolomé Tafur
Bartolomé may refer to: People * Bartolomé Abdala (born 1964), Argentine politician * Bartolomé Bermejo (c.1440–c.1501), Spanish painter * Bartolomé de las Casas (1484–1566), Spanish priest * Bartolomé Castagnola (born 1970), Argentine polo player * Bartolomé Colombo (1916–1989), Argentine footballer * Bartolomé de Escobedo (1500–1563), Spanish composer * Bartolomé Lloveras (c.1890–c.1950), Argentine footballer * Bartolomé de Medina (mining specialist), (149?–15??), Spanish metallurgist * Bartolomé de Medina (theologian), (1527–1581), Spanish theologian * Bartolomé Mitre (1821–1906), Argentine statesman * Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1618–1682), Spanish painter * Bartolomé Saravi (1797–1862), Argentine army officer Places * Bartolomé Island (Spanish: Isla Bartolomé), a volcanic islet in the Galápagos Islands Group * Isla Bartolomé, Diego Ramirez Islands, Chile See also * Bartholomew (other) Bartholomew the Apostle was one of the twelve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome
Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2,746,984 residents in , Rome is the list of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, with a population of 4,223,885 residents, is the most populous metropolitan cities of Italy, metropolitan city in Italy. Rome metropolitan area, Its metropolitan area is the third-most populous within Italy. Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of the Tiber Valley. Vatican City (the smallest country in the world and headquarters of the worldwide Catholic Church under the governance of the Holy See) is an independent country inside the city boun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barnabé De Cobo
Barnabé is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: Persons * Arrigo Barnabé (born 1951), Brazilian musician and an actor * Barnabé Brisson (1531–1591), French jurist and politician * Barnabé Brisson (engineer) (1777–1828) * Barnabe (artist) French artist Arts and entertainment * ''Barnabé'' (film), a 1938 French comedy film See also * Barnabe (other) * Barnaby (other) * Saint-Barnabé {{DEFAULTSORT:Barnabe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lima
Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The city is considered the political, cultural, financial and commercial center of Peru. Due to its geostrategic importance, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network has categorized it as a "beta" tier city. Jurisdictionally, the metropolis extends mainly within the province of Lima and in a smaller portion, to the west, within the Constitutional Province of Callao, where the seaport and the Jorge Chávez Airport are located. Both provinces have regional autonomy since 2002. The 2023 census projection indicates that the city of Lima has an estimated population of 10,092,000 inhabitants, making it the List of cities in the Americas b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Jerónimo De Cabrera, 4th Count Of Chinchón
Luis Jerónimo Fernández de Cabrera Bobadilla Cerda y Mendoza, 4th Count of Chinchón, also known as Luis Xerónimo Fernandes de Cabrera Bobadilla y Mendoza, (1589 in Madrid – October 28, 1647 in Madrid) was a Spanish nobleman, Comendador of Criptana, Alcaide of the Alcázar de Segovia, Treasurer of Aragón, and captain general and Viceroy of Peru, from January 14, 1629, to December 18, 1639. His wife, Ana de Osorio (1599–1625), is credited as being one of the first Europeans to be treated with quinine, and as the person who introduced that medicine into Europe. Birth Fernández de Cabrera Bobadilla was born in Madrid in 1589 (or perhaps 1590), into a family close to the Spanish throne. His parents were Diego Fernández de Cabrera, third Count of Chinchón and Inés Pacheco, the daughter of the marquis of Villena and 3rd Duke of Escalona, Diego López Pacheco, and Luisa Bernarda de Cabrera Bobadilla, third marquesa of Moya. Don Luis's parents were first cousins. He was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clements Markham
Sir Clements Robert Markham (20 July 1830 – 30 January 1916) was an English geographer, explorer and writer. He was secretary of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) between 1863 and 1888, and later served as the Society's president for a further 12 years. In the latter capacity he was mainly responsible for organising the British National Antarctic Expedition of 1901–1904, and for launching the polar career of Robert Falcon Scott. Markham began his career as a Royal Navy cadet and midshipman, during which time he went to the Arctic with in one of the many searches for Franklin's lost expedition. Later, Markham served as a geographer to the India Office, and was responsible for the collection of cinchona plants from their native Peruvian forests, and their transplantation in India. By this means, the Indian government acquired a home source from which quinine could be extracted. Markham also served as geographer to Sir Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
