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Jebel Ali Refinery
The Jebel Ali refinery was constructed from 1996 to 1999. It is located in Dubai and operated by the Emirates National Oil Co. ( ENOC), which is owned by the Government of Dubai. It is a 120 kbpd gas condensate refinery, and processes mainly condensate or light crude oil. These inputs are processed to various products, including LPG, naphtha, jet fuel, diesel fuel and fuel oil. The plant consists of two 60 kbit/s condensate distillation units (often referred to as condensate splitters) and five merox sweetening units. An upgrade - costing $850 million (US) - was implemented in 2010 for the production of reformat and low-sulfur naphtha through installation of a reformer and a hydrotreater. In 2014, a contract for a new upgrade project was awarded to KBR. The upgrade will lead to the production of Euro V grade products. See also * Oil refinery * Petroleum * List of oil refineries This is a list of oil refinery, oil refineries. The ''Oil & Gas Journal'' publishes a worldwide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dubai
Dubai (Help:IPA/English, /duːˈbaɪ/ Help:Pronunciation respelling key, ''doo-BYE''; Modern Standard Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic: ; Emirati Arabic, Emirati Arabic: , Romanization of Arabic, romanized: Help:IPA/English, /diˈbej/) is the List of cities in the United Arab Emirates#Major cities, most populous city in the United Arab Emirates and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai. It is located on a Dubai Creek, creek on the south-eastern coast of the Persian Gulf, Persian Gulf. As of 2025, the city population stands at 4 million, 92% of whom are Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates, expatriates. The wider urban area includes Sharjah and has a population of 5 million people as of 2023,https://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf while the Dubai–Sharjah–Ajman metropolitan area counts 6 million inhabitants. Founded in the early 18th century as a Cultured pearl, pearling and fishing settlement, Dubai became a regional trade hub in the 20th century after declaring itself a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emirates National Oil Company
ENOC (the Emirates National Oil Company) is a global diversified state-owned energy group that operates in the oil, gas, and coal industry. History Established in 1993, ENOC is a wholly owned company of the Government of Dubai, through the Investment Corporation of Dubai. In 1999 ENOC opened its first oil refinery, which produced and cost about AED 1.5 billion. In 2019, ENOC presented two new digital ventures under its accelerator program Next, which was launched the same year: Enoc Link, an automotive refueling service and Beema, an online vehicle insurance service. Operations ENOC is a multi-interest oil and gas group that has operations in Dubai and Northern Emirates in UAE, and has recently opened operations in Abu Dhabi, the largest of the emirates. One of its subsidiaries, ENOC Processing Company LCC (EPCL), runs the Jebel Ali refinery in Dubai. The ENOC Group comprises numerous related subsidiaries, across two main categories - energy operations and general services - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Dubai
The Government of Dubai () is the subnational authority that governs the Emirate of Dubai, one of the seven constituent monarchies which make up the United Arab Emirates. The executive authority and head of the government is the Ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. The Ruler of Dubai appoints the Dubai Executive Council, which is led by the crown prince of Dubai and is responsible for the day-to-day management of Dubai Government agencies such as the Dubai Municipality and :Government agencies of Dubai, numerous other governing entities. History Since 1830, the Emirate of Dubai had a semi-autonomous government led by the Ruler of Dubai, who would delegate responsibilities of managing the affairs of the emirate to representatives in an informal government. Prior to the unification of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai had already started issuing local laws as part of the Trucial States on matters of taxation and trade, allowing the emirate to attract foreign trade a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural-gas Condensate
Natural-gas condensate, also called natural gas liquids, is a low-density mixture of hydrocarbon liquids that are present as gaseous components in the raw natural gas produced from many natural natural gas field, gas fields. Some gas species within the raw natural gas will condense to a liquid state if the temperature is reduced to below the hydrocarbon dew point temperature at a set pressure. The natural gas condensate is also called condensate, or gas condensate, or sometimes natural gasoline because it contains hydrocarbons within the gasoline boiling range, and is also referred to by the shortened name condy by many workers on gas installations. Raw natural gas used to create condensate may come from any type of gas well such as: * Crude Oil well, oil wells: Natural gas that comes from crude oil wells is typically called ''associated gas''. This gas could exist as a separate gas cap above the crude oil in the underground reservoir or could be dissolved in the crude oil, ulti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Liquefied petroleum gas, also referred to as liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), is a fuel gas which contains a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases, specifically propane, Butane, ''n''-butane and isobutane. It can also contain some propylene, butylene, and isobutylene/Isobutylene, isobutene. LPG is used as a fuel gas in HVAC, heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles, and is used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce the damage it causes to the ozone layer. When specifically used as a vehicle fuel, it is often referred to as autogas or just as Autogas#Terminology variations and confusion, gas. Varieties of LPG that are bought and sold include mixes that are mostly propane (), mostly butane (), and, most commonly, mixes including both propane and butane. In the northern hemisphere winter, the mixes contain more propane, while in summer, they contain more butane. In the United States, mainly two grad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphtha
Naphtha (, recorded as less common or nonstandard in all dictionaries: ) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural-gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat. In some industries and regions, the name ''naphtha'' refers to crude oil or refined petroleum products such as kerosene or diesel fuel. Naphtha is also known as Shellite in Australia. Etymology The word ''naphtha'' comes from Latin through Ancient Greek (), derived from Middle Persian ''naft'' ("wet", "naphtha"), the latter meaning of which was an assimilation from the Akkadian 𒉌𒆳𒊏 (see Semitic relatives such as Arabic petroleum" Syriac ''naftā'', and Hebrew , meaning petroleum). Antiquity The book of II Maccabees (2nd cent. BC) tells how a "thick water" was put on a sacrifice at the time of Nehemiah and when the sun shone it caught fire. It adds that "those aro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jet Fuel
Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF, also abbreviated avtur) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by Gas turbine, gas-turbine engines. It is colorless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. Furthermore, the range of molecular mass between hydrocarbons (or different carbon numbers) is defined by the requirements for the product, such as the freezing point or smoke point. Keros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diesel Fuel
Diesel fuel, also called diesel oil, heavy oil (historically) or simply diesel, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a result of compression of the inlet air and then injection of fuel. Therefore, diesel fuel needs good compression ignition characteristics. The most common type of diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillation, fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel are increasingly being developed and adopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum-derived diesel is sometimes called petrodiesel in some academic circles. Diesel is a high-volume product of oil refineries. In many countries, diesel fuel is standardized. For example, in the European Union, the standard for diesel fuel is EN 590. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuel Oil
Fuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil). Such oils include distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the heavier fractions). Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil (bunker fuel), marine fuel oil (MFO), furnace oil (FO), gas oil (gasoil), heating oils (such as home heating oil), diesel fuel, and others. The term ''fuel oil'' generally includes any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler to generate heat ( heating oils), or used in an engine to generate power (as motor fuels). However, it does not usually include other liquid oils, such as those with a flash point of approximately , or oils burned in cotton- or wool-wick burners. In a stricter sense, ''fuel oil'' refers only to the heaviest commercial fuels that crude oil can yield, that is, those fuels heavier than gasoline (petrol) and naphtha. Fuel oil consists of long-chain hydrocarbons, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. Small molecul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condensate Splitter
Condensate may refer to: * The liquid phase produced by the condensation of steam or any other gas * The product of a chemical condensation reaction, other than water * Natural-gas condensate, in the natural gas industry * ''Condensate'' (album), a 2011 album by The Original 7ven, the band formerly known as The Time Quantum physics * Canonical quantization or vacuum expectation value, in quantum field theory * Bose–Einstein condensate, a substance which occurs at very low temperatures in a system of bosons * Fermionic condensate, a substance which occurs at very low temperatures in a system of fermions * Gluon condensate, a non-perturbative property of the QCD vacuum Theoretical states * Color-glass condensate, an extreme type of matter theorized to exist in atomic nuclei traveling near the speed of light * Top quark condensate, an alternative theory to the Standard Model See also * Biomolecular condensate In biochemistry, biomolecular condensates are a class of me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merox
Merox is an acronym for mercaptan oxidation. It is a proprietary catalytic chemical process developed by UOP used in oil refineries and natural gas processing plants to remove mercaptans from LPG, propane, butanes, light naphthas, kerosene, and jet fuel by converting them to liquid hydrocarbon disulfides. The Merox process requires an alkaline environment which, in some process versions, is provided by an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base, commonly referred to as ''caustic''. In other versions of the process, the alkalinity is provided by ammonia, which is a weak base. The catalyst in some versions of the process is a water-soluble liquid. In other versions, the catalyst is impregnated into charcoal granules. Processes within oil refineries or natural gas processing plants that remove mercaptans and/or hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are commonly referred to as ''sweetening'' processes because they result in products which no longer have the sour, foul odors o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalytic Reforming
Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum naphtha, naphthas from crude oil into liquid products called reformates, which are premium "blending stocks" for high-octane gasoline. The process converts low-octane linear hydrocarbons (paraffins) into branched alkanes (isoparaffins) and cyclic naphthenes, which are then partially dehydrogenated to produce high-octane aromatic hydrocarbons. The dehydrogenation also produces significant amounts of byproduct hydrogen gas, which is fed into other refinery processes such as hydrocracking. A side reaction is hydrogenolysis, which produces light hydrocarbons of lower value, such as methane, ethane, propane and butanes. In addition to a gasoline blending stock, reformate is the main source of aromatic bulk chemicals such as benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene, which have diverse uses, most importantly as raw materials for conversion into plastics. However, the benzene content of reformate makes it carcinogenic, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
