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Ivan The Terrible (Treblinka Guard)
"Ivan the Terrible" (born 1911) is the nickname given to a notorious guard at the Treblinka extermination camp during the Holocaust. The moniker alluded to Ivan IV, also known as Ivan the Terrible, the infamous tsar of Russia. "Ivan the Terrible" gained international recognition following the 1986 case of Ukrainian–American John Demjanjuk. By 1944, a cruel guard named Ivan, sharing his distinct duties and extremely violent behavior with a guard named Nicholas, was mentioned in survivor literature (''Rok w Treblince'' by Jankiel Wiernik, translated into English as ''A Year in Treblinka'' in 1945). He disappeared in 1945, and his fate is unknown. Demjanjuk was first accused of being Ivan the Terrible at the Treblinka concentration camp. Demjanjuk was found guilty of war crimes and was sentenced to death by hanging. Exculpatory material in the form of conflicting identifications from Soviet archives was subsequently released, identifying Ivan the Terrible as one Ivan Marchenko, le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treblinka Extermination Camp
Treblinka () was the second-deadliest extermination camp to be built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II. It was in a forest north-east of Warsaw, south of the village of Treblinka in what is now the Masovian Voivodeship. The camp operated between 23 July 1942 and 19 October 1943 as part of Operation Reinhard, the deadliest phase of the Final Solution. During this time, it is estimated that between 700,000 and 900,000 Jews were murdered in its gas chambers, along with 2,000 Romani people. More Jews were murdered at Treblinka than at any other Nazi extermination camp apart from Auschwitz-Birkenau. Managed by the German SS with assistance from Trawniki guards – recruited from among Soviet POWs to serve with the Germans – the camp consisted of two separate units. Treblinka I was a forced-labour camp ('' Arbeitslager'') whose prisoners worked in the gravel pit or irrigation area and in the forest, where they cut wood to fuel the crema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joe Nickell
Joe Herman Nickell (December 1, 1944 – March 4, 2025) was an American skeptic and investigator of the paranormal. Nickell was a senior research fellow for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and wrote regularly for their journal, '' Skeptical Inquirer''. He was also an associate dean of the Center for Inquiry Institute. He was the author or editor of over 30 books. Among his career highlights, Nickell helped expose the James Maybrick "Jack the Ripper Diary" as a hoax. In 2002, Nickell was one of a number of experts asked by scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. to evaluate the authenticity of the manuscript of Hannah Crafts' '' The Bondwoman's Narrative'' (1853–1860), possibly the first novel by an African-American woman. At the request of document dealer and historian Seth Keller, Nickell analyzed documentation in the dispute over the authorship of "The Night Before Christmas", ultimately supporting the Clement Clarke Moore claim. Background Joe Nickell was the son of J. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temple University Press
Temple University Press is a university press founded in 1969 that is part of Temple University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). It is one of thirteen publishers to participate in the Knowledge Unlatched pilot, a global library consortium approach to funding open access books. The organization's mission at the time of its founding, according to Gerald J. Mangone, Temple University's then-provost, was to "broaden the outlet for the best volumes of an increasinbly productive faculty," by enabling those academics "to publish significant research that will increase knowledge in the humanities, social and natural sciences." History Maurice English was appointed as the first director of the organization. An honors graduate of Harvard University who had been awarded a Fulbright Program, Fulbright creative writing fellowship in recognition of the publication of his book, ''Midnight in the Century'', English was a recipient of the Ferguson Prize for Poetry in 1965, bureau chief for Voice o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yiddish
Yiddish, historically Judeo-German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in 9th-century Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew language, Hebrew (notably Mishnaic Hebrew, Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages.Aram Yardumian"A Tale of Two Hypotheses: Genetics and the Ethnogenesis of Ashkenazi Jewry".University of Pennsylvania. 2013. Yiddish has traditionally been written using the Hebrew alphabet. Prior to World War II, there were 11–13 million speakers. 85% of the approximately 6 million Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust were Yiddish speakers,Solomon Birnbaum, ''Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache'' (4., erg. Aufl., Hamburg: Buske, 1984), p. 3. leading to a massive decline in the use of the language. Jewish ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences. Its headquarters are located in Bloomington, Indiana. IU Press publishes approximately 100 new books annually, in addition to 38 academic journals, and maintains a current catalog comprising some 2,000 titles. Indiana University Press primarily publishes in the following areas: African, African American, Asian, cultural, Jewish, Holocaust, Middle Eastern studies, Russian and Eastern European, and women's and gender studies; anthropology, film studies, folklore, history, bioethics, music, paleontology, philanthropy, philosophy, and religion. IU Press undertakes extensive regional publishing under its Quarry Books imprint. History IU Press began in 1950 as part of Indiana University's post-war growth under President Herman B Wells. Bernard Perry, son of Harvard philosophy professor Ralph Barton Per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yitzhak Arad
Yitzhak Arad (; né Icchak Rudnicki; November 11, 1926 – May 6, 2021) was an Israeli historian, author, IDF brigadier general and Soviet partisan. He also served as Yad Vashem's director from 1972 to 1993, and specialised in the history of the Holocaust. Names He was born Icchak Rudnicki, later adopting the Hebrew surname Arad (). During World War II, he was known as Tolya (Russian diminutive for Anatoly) in the underground and among the partisans.Burkhard SchröderLitauen und die jüdischen Partisanen (Lithuania and the Jewish Partisans) ''Heise Online'', September 14, 2008 Early life Arad was born Icchak Rudnicki on November 11, 1926, in what was then Święciany in the Second Polish Republic (now Švenčionys, Lithuania). In his youth, he belonged to the Zionist youth movement ''Ha-No'ar ha-Tsiyyoni''. World War II According to Arad's 1993 interview with Harry J. Cargas, he was active in the ghetto underground movement from 1942 to 1944. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trawniki Concentration Camp
The Trawniki was a Nazi concentration camps, concentration camp set up by Nazi Germany in the village of Trawniki about southeast of Lublin during the occupation of Poland in World War II. Throughout its existence the camp served a dual function. It was organized on the grounds of the former Polish sugar refinery of the Central Industrial Region (Poland), Central Industrial Region, and subdivided into at least three distinct zones. The Trawniki camp first opened after the Operation Barbarossa, outbreak of war with the Soviet Union, intended to hold Soviet POWs, with rail lines in all major directions in the General Government territory. Between 1941 and 1944, the camp expanded into an Schutzstaffel, SS training camp for collaborationist Schutzmannschaft, auxiliary police, mainly Ukrainian. In 1942, it became the Forced labour under German rule during World War II, forced-labor camp for thousands of Jews within the Majdanek concentration camp, Majdanek concentration camp system as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chil Rajchman
Chil (Enrique) Meyer Rajchman a.k.a. Henryk Reichman, nom de guerre ''Henryk Ruminowski'' (June 14, 1914 – May 7, 2004) was one of about 70 Jewish prisoners who survived the Holocaust after participating in the August 2, 1943, revolt at the Treblinka extermination camp in Poland. He reached Warsaw, where he participated in the resistance in the city, before it was captured by the Soviet Union. After the war, in which he lost all his family but one brother, Rajchman married. The couple and his brother soon emigrated from Poland, first to France and then to Montevideo, Uruguay, where they later became citizens. There he was active in the Jewish community and helped establish the Museum of the Holocaust and the Holocaust Memorial, both in Montevideo. In 1980, Rajchman was contacted by the United States Justice Department through the consulate. He was among several survivors who testified against John Demjanjuk, by then a naturalized US citizen, who was suspected of having been a no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xlibris
Xlibris is a self-publishing and on-demand printing services provider, founded in 1997 and based in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. In 2000, ''The New York Times'' stated it to be the foremost on-demand publisher. The current president is Bill Elliot. Overview Xlibris is a printing and distribution service that produces hardback and paperback books. It also publishes e-books in several formats. The company was acquired by a supported publishing company, Author Solutions, Inc., on January 8, 2009. Prior to that, 49% of the company had been owned by Random House. In the same year, the company announced its expansion into the UK, Australian, and New Zealand markets. The name is a derivation of the Latin term '' ex libris'', which means "from the library of". Reception In a ''New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armin D
Armin is a male given name and surname of Indo-European origin. In the Balkans, Armin is popular among Bosniaks in the former Yugoslav nations. The name is a modification of Amin, following a pattern similar to the modification of Anel to Arnel. This region also has a female equivalent: Armina. The name became especially popular in the region after the 2007 Croatian-Bosnian drama film Armin. History Historical records of Armin as a forename appear independently from two different sources: * Germanic ** Armin is the modern form of Arminius who was a German prince. He is mostly known for defeating the Roman army in Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. The latinized name of "Arminius" itself comes form an ancient Germanic name that may have derived from elemental noun "ermen" which means "whole" or "universal" in essence. * Iranic ** Armin was son of Kai Kobad who is a fantastical character in the Shahnameh book of poetry. He belonged to the Kayanian dynasty in Persian literature an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavic Names
Given names originating from the Slavic languages are most common in Slavic peoples, Slavic countries. The main types of Slavic names: * Two-base names, often ending in mir/měr (''Ostromir/měr'', ''Tihomir/měr'', ''Niemir, Němir/měr''), *voldъ (''Vsevolod'', ''Rogvolod''), *pъlkъ (''Svetopolk'', ''Yaropolk''), *slavъ (''Vladislav'', ''Dobroslav'', ''Vseslav'') and their derivatives (''Dobrynya, Tishila, Ratisha, Putyata'', etc.) * Names from flora and fauna (''Shchuka'' - Northern pike, pike, ''Yersh'' - ruffe, ''Zayac'' - hare, ''Wolk''/''Vuk (name), Vuk'' - wolf, ''Orel'' - eagle) * Names in order of birth (''Pervusha'' - born first, ''Vtorusha''/''Vtorak'' - born second, ''Tretiusha''/''Tretyak'' - born third) * Names according to human qualities (''Hrabr'' - brave, ''Milana/Milena'' - beautiful, ''Milosh'' - beloved, ''Nadezhda -'' hope) * Names containing the root of the name of a Slavic deity (''Troyan'', ''Perunek/Peruvit'', ''Yarovit'', ''Stribor'', ''Šventarag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volksdeutsche
In Nazi Germany, Nazi German terminology, () were "people whose language and culture had Germans, German origins but who did not hold German citizenship." The term is the nominalised plural of ''wikt:volksdeutsch, volksdeutsch'', with denoting a singular female, and , a singular male. The words ''Volk (German word), Volk'' and ''Völkisch movement, völkisch'' conveyed the meanings of "folk". Ethnic Germans living outside Germany shed their identity as ''Auslandsdeutsche'' (Germans abroad), and morphed into the in a process of self-radicalisation. This process gave the Nazi regime the nucleus around which the new Volksgemeinschaft was established across the German borders. were further divided into "racial" groupsminorities within a state minoritybased on special cultural, social, and historic criteria elaborated by the Nazis. Origin of the term ''Volksdeutsche'' According to the historian Doris Bergen, Adolf Hitler Neologism, coined the definition of which appeared in a 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
