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Islamic Libraries Of Timbuktu
Timbuktu Manuscripts, or Tombouctou Manuscripts, is a blanket term for the large number of historically significant manuscripts that have been preserved for centuries in private households in Timbuktu, a city in northern Mali. The collections include manuscripts about art, medicine, philosophy, and science, as well as copies of the Quran. Timbuktu manuscripts are the most well known set of West African manuscripts. The manuscripts are predominantly written in Arabic in the Arabic script. Some manuscripts are written in African languages using Arabic script, which is known as Ajami; this includes, but is not limited to, Fula, Songhay, Tamasheq, Bambara, and Soninke languages. The dates of the manuscripts range between the late 13th and the early 20th centuries (i.e., from the Islamisation of the Mali Empire until the decline of traditional education in French Sudan). Their subject matter ranges from scholarly works to short letters. The manuscripts were preserved in the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mali War
{{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Mali War , width = 35% , partof = the Islamist insurgency in the Sahel and the War on terror , image = MaliWar.svg , image_size = 300 , caption = Military situation in Mali {{as of, lc=yes, 2025, 5, 31. For a detailed map, see Template:Mali War detailed map, here. , date = Tuareg rebellion (2012), 16 January 2012 – present({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=01, day1=16, year1=2012) , place = Mali(with spillover into Algeria, Burkina Faso and Niger) , status = ''List of ongoing military conflicts, Ongoing'' , combatant1 = 2012–2013{{plainlist, {{flag, Mali ---- 2013–2022/23{{plainlist, *{{flag, Mali *{{flag, France *{{flagicon image, Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, MINUSMA{{efn, MINUSMA, the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endangered Archives Programme
The Endangered Archives Programme (EAP) is a funding programme and digital archive run by the British Library in London. It has the purpose of preserving cultural heritage where resources may be limited. Each year EAP awards grants to researchers to identify and preserve culturally important archives by digitising them ''in situ''. The original archival material does not leave the country of origin, and projects often incorporate local training and career development. EAP focuses on material created before the mid twentieth century. Related programmes also sponsored by Arcadia include the Endangered Languages Documentation Project at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy, the Endangered Knowledge Documentation Programme at the British Museum, the Modern Endangered Archives Program at University of California, Los Angeles, and the Endangered Wooden Architecture Programme at Oxford Brookes University. Projects As of 2019 EAP had funded over 400 projects. Some of these have receive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Library
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. Based in London, it is one of the largest libraries in the world, with an estimated collection of between 170 and 200 million items from multiple countries. As a legal deposit library, it receives copies of all books produced in the United Kingdom and Ireland, as well as a significant proportion of overseas titles distributed in the United Kingdom. The library operates as a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The British Library is a major research library, with items in many languages and in many formats, both print and digital: books, manuscripts, journals, newspapers, magazines, sound and music recordings, videos, play-scripts, patents, databases, maps, stamps, prints, drawings. The Library's collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial holdings of manuscripts and items dating as far back as 2000 BC. The library maintains a programme for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arcadia Fund
The Arcadia Fund is a UK charity organization founded by Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin. Established in 2001, the organisation provides grants on a worldwide basis focusing on numerous projects outside the UK. The primary focus of the organisation is to preserve endangered culture and nature and to provide open access. The organisation believes that "once memories, knowledge, skills, variety, and intricacy disappear – once the old complexities are lost – they are hard to replicate or replace" and consequently want to "build a vibrant, resilient, green future". Since 2002, the fund has provided more than $910 million in projects around the world. According to the OECD, the Arcadia Fund's financing for 2019 development increased by 6% to US$55 million. The foundation is controlled by its three trustees ( Lisbet Rausing, Peter Baldwin and Johannes Burger) and its team of nine members. The fund also has an advisory board of seven members. History Since its inception, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
College Of Saint Benedict And Saint John's University
The College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University are two closely related private, Benedictine liberal arts colleges in Minnesota. The College of Saint Benedict is a college for women in St. Joseph and Saint John's University is a university for men in Collegeville. Students at the institutions have a shared curriculum and access to the resources of both campuses. Together, the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University offer over 70 areas of study to undergraduate students, plus graduate programs in nursing and theology. History College of Saint Benedict The College of Saint Benedict opened in 1913, with six students enrolled, and grew out of St. Benedict's Academy, which was founded by Saint Benedict's Monastery in 1889. The Benedictine community incorporated CSB in 1961. In addition to its undergraduate offerings, CSB offers three graduate nursing tracks that confer Doctor of Nursing and Master of Science in Nursing degrees. Saint John's U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hill Museum & Manuscript Library
The Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (HMML) is a nonprofit organization that photographs, catalogs, and provides free access to collections of manuscripts located in libraries around the world. HMML prioritizes manuscripts located in regions endangered by war, political instability, or other threats. HMML is currently photographing manuscripts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Egypt, Gaza, Great Britain, India, Iraq, Italy, Lebanon, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Montenegro, Pakistan, Slovenia, and Yemen. HMML's mission is to preserve and share the world's handwritten past to inspire a deeper understanding of our present and future. Since HMML's founding in 1964, approximately 450,000 manuscripts have been digitized or microfilmed in partnership with more than 800 libraries worldwide. Additionally, HMML's reference collection holds approximately 50,000 volumes on topics related to manuscripts, printed books, art, and liturgy. HMML'Special CollectionsanArt & Photographscollection contain more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamma Haidara Commemorative Library
The Mamma Haidara Commemorative Library is a private manuscript library in Timbuktu, Mali. Founded by Abdel Kader Haidara in 2000 and named in honor of his father, the library preserves one of the oldest and largest private manuscript collections in Timbuktu, with about 22,000 items. History The library houses a collection founded in the 16th century by Mohamed El Mawlud. After the sack of Timbuktu by Moroccan soldiers in 1591, El Mawlud's descendants in the Haidara family kept their manuscripts in relative safety within the family home, as did other scholarly households in Timbuktu. During the 20th century, Mamma Haidara collected other Malian manuscripts and bought manuscripts in Egypt and Sudan. He had also helped collect over 2,500 historic manuscripts for the Ahmed Baba Institute before his death. A judge, scholar, and teacher, Mamma Haidara amassed a large and historic personal collection of books and manuscripts over his lifetime. By his death in 1981, he had built cooperat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Kati
Al Hajj Mahmud Kati (or Mahmoud Kati) (1468? ''–'' 1552 or 1593) was an African Muslim Songhai scholar. He is traditionally held to be the author of the West African chronicle '' Tarikh al-fattash'', though the authorship is contested. Kati grew up in Kurmina but lived most of his adult life in Timbuktu. His tomb is the second largest in Timbuktu, after that of Mohammed Bagayogo Mohammed Bagayogo Es Sudane Al Wangari Al Timbukti (1523-1593) was a scholar from Timbuktu, Songhai Empire. Baghayogho originated from among the Juula people, who are a Mande ethnic group composed of merchants and scholars. History He was bor ..., and is a site of pilgrimage. References 1468 births 16th-century deaths Year of death unknown 16th-century African people Historians of Africa 16th-century historians Zarma-Songhai people Scholars of precolonial Africa {{Africa-historian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zakat
Zakat (or Zakāh زكاة) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Zakat is the Arabic word for "Giving to Charity" or "Giving to the Needy". Zakat is a form of almsgiving, often collected by the Muslim Ummah. It is considered in Islam a religious obligation, and by Quranic ranking, is next after prayer (''salat'') in importance. Eight heads of zakat are mentioned in the Quran. As one of the Five Pillars of Islam, zakat is a religious duty for all Muslims who meet the necessary criteria of wealth to help the needy. It is a mandatory charitable contribution, often considered to be a tax.Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ṭūsī (2010), ''Concise Description of Islamic Law and Legal Opinions'', , pp. 131–135. The payment and disputes on zakat have played a major role in the history of Islam, notably during the Ridda wars. Zakat on wealth is based on the value of all of one's possessions. It is customarily 2.5% (or ) of a Muslim's total savings and wealth above a minimum amount known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiqh
''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is often described as the style of human understanding, research and practices of the sharia; that is, human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the sunnah (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions). Fiqh expands and develops Shariah through interpretation (''ijtihad'') of the Quran and ''Sunnah'' by Islamic jurists (''ulama'') and is implemented by the rulings (''fatwa'') of jurists on questions presented to them. Thus, whereas ''sharia'' is considered immutable and infallible by Muslims, ''fiqh'' is considered fallible and changeable. ''Fiqh'' deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam as well as econo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avicenna
Ibn Sina ( – 22 June 1037), commonly known in the West as Avicenna ( ), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian peoples, Iranian rulers. He is often described as the father of early modern medicine. His philosophy was of the Peripatetic school derived from Aristotelianism. His most famous works are ''The Book of Healing'', a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and ''The Canon of Medicine'', a medical encyclopedia which became a standard medical text at many medieval European University, universities and remained in use as late as 1650. Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna's corpus includes writings on Astronomy in medieval Islam, astronomy, Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam, alchemy, Geography and cartography in medieval Islam, geography and geology, Psychology in medieval Islam, psychology, Islamic theology, Logic in Islamic philosophy, logic, Mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
