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Islamic Front For The Liberation Of Bahrain
The Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain () was a Shi'a Islamist militant group that advocated theocratic rule in Bahrain from 1981 to the 1990s. It was based in Iran and trained and financed by Iranian intelligence and Revolutionary Guards. Aims and activities The professed aim of the Front was the 'uprising of all Muslims under Imam Khomeini'. It came to international prominence as the front organisation for the 1981 failed coup in Bahrain, which attempted to install Iraqi Ayatollah Hadi al-Modarresi as the spiritual leader of a theocratic state. Al-Modarresi in addition to heading the IFLB served as Khomeini's “personal representative” in Bahrain. According to Daniel Byman of Georgetown University, Iran's backing of the Front was part of a strategy to support radical Islamist groups throughout the region: The Front served as an Iranian proxy in the 1980s. It is also referred to as a 'virtual organization' of Iranian intelligence. In Low Intensity Conflic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guardianship Of The Islamic Jurists
The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (, also ''Velayat-e Faghih''; ) is a concept in Twelver Shia Islamic law which holds that until the reappearance of the "infallible Imam" (sometime before Judgement Day), the religious and social affairs of the Muslim world should be administered by righteous Shi'i jurists (''Faqīh''). The nature of these affairs is disputed. Wilāyat al-Faqīh is associated in particular with Ruhollah Khomeini and the Islamic Republic of Iran. In a series of lectures in 1970, Khomeini advanced the idea of guardianship in its "absolute" form as rule of the state and society. This version of guardianship now forms the basis of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which calls for a Guardian Jurist (''Vali-ye Faqih'', ), to serve as the Supreme Leader of that country. Currently, this role is held by Ayatollah Khamenei. Under the "absolute authority of the jurist" (''Velayat-e Motlaqaye Faqih''), the jurist/faqih has control over all publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadi Al-Modarresi
Ayatollah Sayyid Hadi al-Husayni al-Modarresi (; ; b. 1947), is an Iraqi-Iranian Shia scholar, leader and orator. He is viewed as a charismatic speaker, enamoring many Muslims, radiating a certain magnetism in his oratory. He spent much of his career in opposition to the Bathist government, and he spent many years in exile, particularly in Bahrain. Al-Modarresi returned to Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and administers humanitarian projects in there. Family Al-Modarresi was born into a distinguished Shia religious family in Karbala in Iraq. His father is Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Kadhim al-Modarresi, the grandson of grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Baqir Golpayegani (also known as ''Jorfadiqani''). His mother is the daughter of grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mahdi al-Shirazi. He claims descent from Zayd ibn Ali (died c. 740 AD), the great-great-grandson of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Biography Early life Al-Modarresi began his religious education in the rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Bahrain
Politics of Bahrain has since 2002 taken place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy where the government is appointed by the King of Bahrain, King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. The head of the government since 2020 is Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, who became Prime Minister of Bahrain, Prime Minister following the death of Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, and who also serves as Deputy Commander of the Bahrain Defence Force. The parliament is a bicameralism, bicameral legislature, with the Council of Representatives (Bahrain), Council of Representatives elected by universal suffrage, and the Consultative Council (Bahrain), Consultative Council (also called the Shura Council) appointed directly by the king. Political background Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa Bahrain gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1971, with Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa as its ruler. In 1972, Isa issued a Amiri decree, decree for the 1972 Bahraini Constituent Assem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Political Parties In Bahrain ...
Political parties are illegal in Bahrain but operate as ''de facto'' political parties under the term political societies. Political societies in Bahrain range from the communist left to the Islamist right. Current Banned Parties registered opposition: * Al Wefaq * National Democratic Action Society * Islamic Action Society The unlicensed opposition: * Bahrain Freedom Movement * Haq Movement * Al Wafa' Islamic Movement * February 14 Youth Coalition * Al-Ashtar Brigades * Al-Mukhtar Brigades See also *Politics of Bahrain * Bahraini opposition * List of ruling political parties by country {{Bahrain topics Bahrain Politics of Bahrain Political parties Political parties Bahrain Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia. Situated on the Persian Gulf, it comprises a small archipelago of 50 natural islands and an additional 33 artificial islands, centered on Bahrain Island, which mak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahraini Uprising (2011–present)
The 2011 Bahraini uprising was a series of anti-government protests in Bahrain led by the mainly Shia and some Sunni Bahraini opposition primarily from 2011 until 2014. The protests were inspired by the unrest of the 2011 Arab Spring and protests in Tunisia and Egypt and escalated to daily clashes after the Bahraini government put the revolt down with the support of the Gulf Cooperation Council and Peninsula Shield Force. The Bahraini protests were a series of demonstrations, amounting to a sustained campaign of both non-violent civil disobedience and volatile riots in the Arabian Gulf country of Bahrain. As part of the revolutionary wave of protests in the Middle East and North Africa following the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia, the Bahraini protests were initially aimed at achieving greater political freedom and equality for the 45% Shia population. Towards the culmination of the protests, the demands were metamorphosed into demanding the resignation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahrain Centre For Human Rights
The Bahrain Centre for Human Rights (BCHR; ) was a Bahraini non-profit non-governmental organisation which works to promote human rights in Bahrain,Bahrain Centre for Human Rights website . Retrieved 17 May 2011 which was founded by a number of Bahraini activists in June 2002. The centre was given a dissolution order after its former president Abdulhadi Al Khawaja was arrested in September 2004 a day after criticizing the country's Prime Minister, Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah at a seminar in which he blamed the Prime Minister for the failure of widespread economic development for all citi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Action Party
The Islamic Action Society ( ''Jamʿīyah al-ʿAmal al-ʾIslāmī''), sometimes shortened to ʿAmal (), was one of the main Islamist political parties in Bahrain, and mainly appealed to Shīʻa followers of the Islamic philosopher Mohammad Hussaini Shirazi, who are known as "the Shirāzī faction". The party boycotted 2002's general election along with several other opposition groups, but did take part in 2006's parliamentary election, in which it won no seats. The party is the direct descendant of the militant organisation, the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain, whose members were pardoned after wide ranging political reforms instigated by King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa in 2001. With the reforms, they returned from exile or were released from prison and formed the Islamic Action Society. As with the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain, the party's spiritual leader was Iraqi cleric Hādī al-Mudarrisī, who was given asylum in Bahrain in the 1970s and acquire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa
Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (born 28 January 1950) is King of Bahrain since 1999. He is a member of the ruling Al Khalifa dynasty. Early life and education Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa was born on 28 January 1950 in Riffa, Bahrain. His parents were Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, then Crown Prince, and Hessa bint Salman Al Khalifa. After attending Manama secondary school in Bahrain, Hamad was sent to England to attend Applegarth College in Godalming, Surrey before taking a place at The Leys School in Cambridge. Hamad then underwent military training, first with the British Army at Mons Officer Cadet School at Aldershot in Hampshire, graduating in September 1968. Four years later, in June 1972, Hamad attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas, graduating the following June with a degree in leadership. Crown prince Hamad was designated as heir apparent by his father on 27 June 1964. In 1968, he was appointe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Shirazi
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad al-Husayni al-Shirazi (; ; August 31, 1928 – December 17, 2001), commonly known as Imam Shirazi, was an Iraqi Shia marja' and political activist. Early life and education al-Shirazi was born to Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi and Halima al-Shirazi in Najaf. Both of his parents are from the distinguished clerical al-Shirazi family that emigrated from Shiraz to Karbala in the 19th century. He is the first of ten children. All of his brothers are clerics, and Sadiq al-Shirazi is a marja'. His mother is the great-granddaughter of Mirza Shirazi, the pioneer of the Tobacco Movement. His nephew, Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi is also a marja'. Education He grew up and studied briefly in Najaf, and moved to Karbala with his father in 1937. He remained in Karbala studying in its seminary under his father, as well as prominent scholars like Sayyid Hossein Tabatabaei Qomi, Sayyid Muhammad-Hadi al-Milani, Sheikh Muhammad-Ridha al-Isfahani, Sayyid Zain al-Abiden al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1990s Uprising In Bahrain
The 1990s uprising in Bahrain () also known as the uprising of dignity () was an uprising in Bahrain between 1994 and 1999 in which leftists, liberals and Islamists joined forces to demand democratic reforms. The uprising caused approximately forty deaths and ended after Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999 and a referendum on 14–15 February 2001 massively supported the National Action Charter. The uprising resulted in the deaths of around 40 civilians and at least one Bahraini soldier. Bahrain News Agency. 23 April 2011. Retrieved on 23 June 2012 Background [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayatollah
Ayatollah (, ; ; ) is an Title of honor, honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished ''marja' at-taqlid'' ''mujtahid'', it suffered from "inflation" following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid".Momen, ''An Introduction to Shi'i Islam'', 1985, p.205-6 By 2015 it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs. The title is not used by the Sunni Islam, Sunni community of Iran. In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah". Etymology The title is originally derived from the Arabic word Grammatical modifier#Premodifiers and postmodifiers, post-modified with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shia
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood to have been usurped by a number of Muhammad's companions at the meeting of Saqifa where they appointed Abu Bakr () as caliph instead. As such, Sunni Muslims believe Abu Bakr, Umar (), Uthman () and Ali to be ' rightly-guided caliphs' whereas Shia Muslims only regard Ali as the legitimate successor. Shia Muslims assert imamate continued through Ali's sons Hasan and Husayn, after whom different Shia branches have their own imams. They revere the , the family of Muhammad, maintaining that they possess divine knowledge. Shia holy sites include the shrine of Ali in Najaf, the shrine of Husayn in Karbala and other mausoleums of the . Later events such as Husayn's martyrdom in the Battle of Karbala (680 CE) further influenced the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
