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Invasion And Rebellion Of The Five Barbarians
The Upheaval of the Five Barbarians also translated as the Uprising, Rebellion or the Revolt of the Five Barbarians () is a Chinese expression used to refer to a chaotic period of warfare from 304 to 316 during the fall of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin dynasty. Overlapping with the War of the Eight Princes, these conflicts which involved non-Han Chinese, Han groups living within China eventually drove the Jin imperial court out of the northern and southwestern China. The "Five Barbarians" were the Xiongnu, Jie people, Jie, Qiang (historical people), Qiang, Di (Five Barbarians), Di and Xianbei, many of whom had resettled within China during the preceding centuries. Despite the period's name, many Han Chinese and other tribal people like the Wuhuan were also involved, wavering their support between Jin and the separatist regimes. Years of poor administration and civil wars between the ruling princes left the empire open to its disaffected and opportunistic subjects. Eth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Barbarians
The Five Barbarians, or Wu Hu (), is a Chinese historical exonym for five ancient non- Han ''" Hu"'' peoples who immigrated to northern China in the Eastern Han dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Jin dynasty and established their own kingdoms in the 4th–5th centuries.''A History of Chinese Civilization'' Jacques Gernet, Cambridge University Press 1996 P.186-87Michio Tanigawa & Joshua Fogel, ''Medieval Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shi Le
Shi Le (; 274 –17 August 333), courtesy name Shilong, also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Ming of Later Zhao, was the founding emperor of the Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty of China. He was initially sold as a slave by Western Jin officials, but after attaining freedom, he helped start a rebellion and eventually became a powerful general for the Han-Zhao dynasty, conquering most of northern China in Han-Zhao's name but holding the territory under his own control. In 319, after a dispute with the Han-Zhao emperor Liu Yao, he broke away from Han and formed his own state, Later Zhao (named as such due to Liu Yao changing his state's name from Han to Zhao, which is distinguished as the Former Zhao). In 321, he defeated Duan Pidi, the last remaining Jin power in northern China besides Murong Hui, and in 329 he captured Liu Yao and conquered the Han-Zhao, adding western China to his empire as well. For the next 21 years, the Later Zhao would dominate northern China. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duan Wuwuchen
Duan Wuwuchen (段務勿塵) (died December 310 or 311), also known as Duan Wumuchen (段務目塵), was a chieftain of the Duan-Xianbei during the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Sixteen Kingdoms period. A vassal of the Western Jin, his leadership saw the Duan began actively providing military assistance for Jin through his alliance with Inspector of You province, Wang Jun. For his merits, he was named the Duke of Liaoxi, a title that was passed down to his successors. Life Duan Wuwuchen was the son of the Duan chieftain, Qizhen. Succeeding his father as chieftain, Wuwuchen was based in Liaoxi Commandery and was a vassal to the Western Jin dynasty. He had over 30,000 families under his leadership, and commanded a force of between 40,000 and 50,000 cavalry units. In 303, the Chief Controller of You province, Wang Jun sought to protect himself in light of the Jin civil wars by allying with the surrounding Xianbei and Wuhuan tribes. Wang Jun formed an alliance with the Duan by marr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuoba Yilu
Tuoba Yilu (; died 316) was the chieftain of the western Tuoba territory from 295 to 307, supreme chieftain of the Tuoba from 307 to 316, Duke of Dai from 310 to 315, and first ruler of the Dai kingdom from 315 to 316. He was the son of Tuoba Shamohan (拓跋沙漠汗) and the brother of Tuoba Yituo and Tuoba Fu. In 295, Tuoba Luguan the chieftain of the Tuoba (a branch of the Xianbei) divided the territory under Tuoba control into three areas: a vast tract of land extending west from White Mountain (northeast of Zhangjiakou), to Dai ( Datong, Shanxi); an area from Shengle (south of Hohhot) and beyond; and a central area, which included north Shanxi and the region to its north. Tuoba Yilu would be named chieftain of the western area. As chieftain of the western Tuoba territory, Tuoba Yilu defeated the Xiongnu and Wuhuan to the west, gaining in this way the support of various ethnically Han and Wuhuan people, in addition to his own Xianbei people. In 304, Tuoba Yilu, along with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Shi (Former Liang)
Zhang Shi (, died August 320) was the regional warlord and ruler in the Former Liang state. He was the eldest son of Zhang Gui, who was a governor of Liang province under the Jin Dynasty. In 314, Zhang Shi inherited the title Duke of Xiping as well as the governorship of Liang from his father. He was posthumously known as Prince Ming of Former Liang () When the Western Jin Dynasty Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US * Western, New York, a town in the US * Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia * Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that ... collapsed, Zhang Shi declared Liang an independent regional state, but decided to retain the Jin calendar system. In 320 AD, he was killed by an associate named Yan Sha (). Zhang's younger brother Zhang Mao replaced him. Notes References Monarchs of Former Liang 320 deaths Chinese princes Chinese warlords Year of birth unknown< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Gui
Zhang Gui (, 255–314) was the governor of Liang province and first Duke of Xiping under the Western Jin. He was the seventeenth generation descendant of King of Changshan Zhang Er from the Chu–Han Contention The Chu–Han Contention (), also known as the Chu–Han War (), was an interregnum in Imperial China between the fall of the Qin dynasty and the establishment of the Han dynasty. After the Qin dynasty was overthrown in 206 BCE, the empir ... era. In 301, he was appointed governor of Liang province. In 313, he was granted the title Duke of Xiping. The following year, Zhang Gui died from an illness and his followers supported his eldest son Zhang Shi to continue the governor position. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Zhang, Gui Monarchs of Former Liang 314 deaths 255 births ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sima Bao
Sima Bao (司馬保; 294 – July 320), courtesy name Jingdu (景度), posthumous name Prince Yuan (元王), was a Western Jin imperial prince who briefly contended for the position of emperor after Emperor Min was captured by Han-Zhao forces. Life Sima Bao's father Sima Mo (司馬模) the Prince of Nanyang was a younger brother of Sima Yue the Prince of Donghai, who was regent for Emperor Hui and Emperor Huai. Both Sima Mo and Sima Yue were sons of Sima Tai (司馬泰), Prince Wenxian of Gaomi, a son of Sima Yi's brother Sima Kui (司馬馗). In October 311, after Emperor Huai was captured by Han after the fall of the capital Luoyang in July ( Disaster of Yongjia), Sima Mo, who was defending Chang'an, was captured by the Han general Zhao Ran (趙染; who formerly served under Sima Mo), and executed by Liu Can. At the time of his father's death, Sima Bao was at Shanggui (上邽, in modern Tianshui, Gansu). He took the title of Prince of Nanyang, and soon became in control o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Jun (Pengzu)
Wang Jun (252 – 4 April 314), courtesy name Pengzu, was a military general and warlord who lived during the Western Jin dynasty of China. By the time of Sima Lun's usurpation of the Jin throne he was established as a military commander in You Province. Although he became a target of Sima Ying as the War of the Eight Princes unfolded, he survived the chaos, ultimately supporting Sima Yue's faction. At the time of the Disaster of Yongjia which saw the collapse of Jin control in northern China, he was one of Jin's few remaining provincial powers in the north. However among claims of imperial ambitions and corruption, he clashed not only with northern tribal powers but also his Jin dynasty rival Liu Kun the Inspector of Bingzhou, before his final defeat and death at the hands of Shi Le, who had previously won Wang Jun's trust. Early life and career Wang Jun was born to a concubine of Wang Chen of the prominent Wang clan of Jinyang County (晉陽; southwest of present-day Tai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Kun (Jin Dynasty)
Liu Kun (271 – 22 June 318), courtesy name Yueshi, was a Chinese military general and poet of the Jin dynasty. An esteemed writer during the early years of his career, he was also known for his time as the Inspector of Bingzhou, during which he spearheaded Jin's efforts in fighting back against the Han-Zhao dynasty. Despite his determination and active role in the war against Han, he lacked the sufficient military and administrative skills to quash the growing Han threat, suffering repeated defeats and having to heavily rely on his alliance with the Tuoba-Xianbei. He was eventually driven out from Bingzhou following a decisive defeat to Shi Le in 316 and fled to Youzhou, where he allied with the chieftain, Duan Pidi. After Pidi suspected him of betrayal, he was arrested and executed via strangulation in 318. Early life and career Liu Kun was born in Weichang county, Zhongshan commandery and it was said that he was a descendant of the Han prince, Liu Sheng. Both his fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Yan (Jin Dynasty)
Wang Yan (256 – 5 May 311), courtesy name Yifu, was a Chinese politician. A member of the Wang clan of Langya, he served as a minister and was one of the ''Qingtan'' leaders of the Western Jin. During the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin, Wang Yan grew popular among the court for his mastery in ''Qingtan'' and for being a patron of ''Xuanxue''. Wang Yan vacillated between the warring princes during the War of the Eight Princes until he ended up with Sima Yue, who gave him a considerable amount of power in his administration. After Yue died in April 311, Wang Yan led his funeral procession but was ambushed and later executed by the Han-Zhao general, Shi Le at Ningping City (寧平; in modern Zhoukou, Henan). Though a bright scholar, Wang Yan was often associated by traditional historians as one of the root causes for Western Jin's demise due to his influential beliefs. Early life and career Wang Yan was born in Langya commandery as part of the same Wang clan that his cousin Wang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gou Xi
Gou Xi (died November 311), courtesy name Daojiang, was a Chinese military commander of the Western Jin Dynasty. He came to prominence as a general under the Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue, after he quelled the rebellions of Gongshi Fan (公師藩), Ji Sang and Shi Le. Sima Yue initially valued Gou Xi, but after Gou Xi was constantly antagonized by Yue, their relationship broke down in 310. Gou Xi plotted with Emperor Huai of Jin to depose Yue as regent, which caused Yue to die of stress shortly after, and Gou Xi being instated to the positions of Grand General and Grand Commander. However, their victory was short-lived due to the Disaster of Yongjia, which saw Emperor Huai's and Luoyang’s capture at the hands of Han-Zhao forces in 311. That same year, Gou Xi was captured and later executed by Shi Le. War of the Eight Princes and suppressing Sima Ying's loyalists Early career Gou Xi hailed from Shanyang County in Henei Commandery and was of humble origins. He was first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sima Yue
Sima Yue (司馬越) (died 23 April 311), courtesy name Yuanchao (元超), formally Prince Xiaoxian of Donghai (東海孝獻王), was a Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin imperial prince and regent for Emperor Hui of Jin, Emperor Hui and Emperor Huai of Jin, Emperor Huai. He was the last of eight princes commonly associated with the War of the Eight Princes. A distant relative of Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Yue entered the conflict after he betrayed the Prince of Changsha, Sima Ai, taking the emperor for himself and waging war against the Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying and the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong. By late 306, he was victorious and established himself as paramount authority behind Emperor Hui and then Emperor Huai of Jin. However, due to the repercussions of the civil wars, he presided over an empire rife with rebellions and famines. Sima Yue controlled Emperor Huai and his court with an iron fist while he campaigned for many years against the Han-Zhao, Han-Zhao dynasty and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
