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Interracial Adoption
Interracial adoption (historically referred to as transracial adoption) refers to the act of placing a child of one racial or ethnic group with adoptive parents of another racial or ethnic group. Interracial adoption is not inherently the same as transcultural or international adoption. However, in some circumstances an adoption may be interracial, international, and transcultural at the same time (or some combination of two of those). Statistics Based on thAdoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS)in the U.S., the fiscal year of 1998 showed that approximately 57% of children currently in foster care were of non-Caucasian background. Out of all foster children waiting for adoption 21% are Black, 23% are Hispanic, 2% are American Indian/Alaska Native, 0% are Asian/Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian, and 1% are unknown/unable to determine. According to data from 2019, 50.7% of adoptees that year were White, 20.1% Hispanic, 16.5% Black or African American, 9.2% o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racial
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. By the 17th century, the term began to refer to physical (phenotypical) traits, and then later to Nationality, national affiliations. Modern science regards race as a social construct, an Identity (social science), identity which is assigned based on rules made by society. While partly based on physical similarities within groups, race does not have an inherent physical or biological meaning. The concept of race is foundational to racism, the belief that humans can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. Social conceptions and groupings of races have varied over time, often involving Folk taxonomy, folk taxonomies that define essential types of ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adoption In The United States
In the United States, adoption is the process of creating a legal parent–child relationship between a child and a parent who was not automatically recognized as the child's parent at birth. Most adoptions in the US are adoptions by a step-parent. The second most common type is a ''foster care adoption''. In those cases, the child is unable to live with the birth family, and the government is overseeing the care and adoption of the child. '' International adoptions'' involve the adoption of a child who was born outside the United States. A ''private adoption'' is an adoption that was independently arranged without the involvement of a government agency. Between five and seven million Americans are adoptees. About 150,000 adoptions happen each year, including about 50,000 foster-care adoptions. While most adoptions involve minor children (under the age of 18), adult adoption is also possible. Types Adoptions in the United States may be either domestic or from another countr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy of the United States, foreign policy and foreign relations of the United States, relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other nations, its primary duties are advising the U.S. president on international relations, administering List of diplomatic missions of the United States, diplomatic missions, negotiating international treaties and agreements, protecting citizens abroad and representing the U.S. at the United Nations. The department is headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building, a few blocks from the White House, in the Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C., Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.; "Foggy Bottom" is thus sometimes used as a metonym. Established in 1789 as the first administrative arm of the U.S. executive branch, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empirical Studies
Empirical research is research using empirical evidence. It is also a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience. Empiricism values some research more than other kinds. Empirical evidence (the record of one's direct observations or experiences) can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively. Quantifying the evidence or making sense of it in qualitative form, a researcher can answer empirical questions, which should be clearly defined and answerable with the evidence collected (usually called data). Research design varies by field and by the question being investigated. Many researchers combine qualitative and quantitative forms of analysis to better answer questions that cannot be studied in laboratory settings, particularly in the social sciences and in education. In some fields, quantitative research may begin with a research question (e.g., "Does listening to vocal music during the learning of a word list have an effect on later memory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racial Color Blindness
Racial color blindness refers to the belief that a person's race or ethnicity should not influence their legal or social treatment in society. The multicultural psychology field generates four beliefs that constitute the racial color-blindness approach. The four beliefs are as follows: (1) skin color is superficial and irrelevant to the quality of a person's character, ability or worthiness, (2) in a merit-based society, skin color is irrelevant to merit judgments and calculation of fairness, (3) as a corollary, in a merit-based society, merit and fairness are flawed if skin color is taken into the calculation, (4) ignoring skin color when interacting with people is the best way to avoid racial discrimination. The term metaphorically references the medical phenomenon of color blindness. Psychologists and sociologists also study racial color blindness. This is further divided into two dimensions, color evasion and power evasion. Color evasion is the belief that people should not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne (colloquially known as Melbourne University) is a public university, public research university located in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1853, it is Australia's second oldest university and the oldest in the state of Victoria (Australia), Victoria. Its Parkville Campus (University of Melbourne), main campus is located in Parkville, Victoria, Parkville, an inner suburb north of Melbourne central business district, Melbourne's central business district, with several other campuses located across the state of Victoria (Australia), Victoria. Incorporated in the 19th century by the State of Victoria, colony of Victoria, the University of Melbourne is one of Australia's six sandstone universities and a member of the Group of Eight (Australian universities), Group of Eight, Universitas 21, Washington University in St. Louis, Washington University's McDonnell International Scholars Academy, and the Association of Pacific Rim Universities. Since 1872, many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinical Depression
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s, the term was adopted by the American Psychiatric Association for this symptom cluster under mood disorders in the 1980 version of the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-III), and has become widely used since. The disorder causes the second-most years lived with disability, after lower back pain. The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the person's reported experiences, behavior reported by family or friends, and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for the disorder, but testing may be done to rule out physical conditions that can cause similar symptoms. The most common time of onset is in a person's 20s, with females affe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adoption And Safe Families Act
The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA, Public Law 105–89) was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 19, 1997, after having been approved by the United States Congress earlier in the month. Background ASFA was enacted in a bipartisan manner to correct problems inherent within the foster care system that deterred adoption and led to foster care drift. Many of these problems had stemmed from an earlier bill, the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, although they had not been anticipated when that law was passed, as states decided to interpret that law as requiring biological families be kept together no matter what. The biggest change to the law was how ASFA amended Title IV-E of the Social Security Act regarding funding. Moreover, ASFA marked a fundamental change to child welfare thinking, shifting the emphasis towards children's health and safety concerns and away from a policy of reuniting children with their birth parents without regard to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discrimination
Discrimination is the process of making unfair or prejudicial distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, such as race, gender, age, class, religion, or sexual orientation. Discrimination typically leads to groups being unfairly treated on the basis of perceived statuses based on ethnic, racial, gender or religious categories. It involves depriving members of one group of opportunities or privileges that are available to members of another group. Discriminatory traditions, policies, ideas, practices and laws exist in many countries and institutions in all parts of the world, including some, where such discrimination is generally decried. In some places, countervailing measures such as quotas have been used to redress the balance in favor of those who are believed to be current or past victims of discrimination. These attempts have often been met with controversy, and sometimes been called re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interethnic Placement Act
The Interethnic Placement Act, also known as IEPA or the Interethnic Placement Provisions (Pub. L. 104-188, Enacted August 20, 1996), was enacted as title I, subtitle H, section 1808, Removal of Barriers to Interethnic Adoption, as part of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 in the United States.McCarthy, J., Marshall, A., Collins, J., Arganza, G., Deserly, K., & Milon, J. (2003). Relevant Federal Laws/Policies. In ''A Family’s Guide to the Child Welfare System'' (pp. 111-116). Retrieved from http://www.cwla.org/childwelfare/fglaws.pdf Removal of Barriers to Interethnic Adoption, Pub. L. 104-188. Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 § 1808. Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ188/pdf/PLAW-104publ188.pdfRemoval of Barriers to Interethnic Adoption Law & Legal Definition. (n.d.) USLegal.com. Retrieved from http://definitions.uslegal.com/r/removal-of-barriers-to-interethnic-adoption%20/The Interethnic Provisions of 1996 – P.L. 104-188. ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foster Parent
Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home (residential child care community or treatment centre), or private home of a state- certified caregiver, referred to as a "foster parent", or with a family member approved by the state. The placement of a "foster child" is normally arranged through the government or a social service agency. The institution, group home, or foster parent is compensated for expenses unless with a family member. Any adult who has spent time in care can be described as a "care leaver", especially in European countries. The state, via the family court and child protective services agency, stand ''in loco parentis'' to the minor, making all legal decisions while the foster parent is responsible for the day-to-day care of the minor. Scholars and activists have expressed concerns about the efficacy of foster care services provided by non-government organisations. Specifically, this pertains to poor retention rates of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-Ethnic Placement Act
The Multiethnic Placement Act, also known as MEPA (Pub. L. 103-382, Enacted October 20, 1994) was passed as a part of the Improving America's Schools Act as part of federal efforts to reduce delays in the permanent placement of children in out of home care. MEPA contains three major provisions affecting child welfare policy and practice: * Prohibits agencies from refusing or delaying foster or adoptive placements because of a child's or foster/adoptive parent's race, color, or national origin * Prohibits agencies from considering race, color, or national origin as a basis for denying approval as a foster or adoptive parent * Requires agencies to diligently recruit a diverse base of foster and adoptive parents to better reflect the racial and ethnic makeup of children in out of home care These mandates apply to all entities dealing with foster/adoptive placement and recruitment who receive federal funding, and are requirements for receiving such funding. MEPA was later amended in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
