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International Committee For The Nanking Safety Zone
The International Committee was established in 1937 to establish and manage the Nanking Safety Zone. Many Westerners were living in the city at that time, conducting trade or on missionary trips. As the Imperial Japanese Army began to approach Nanjing (also known as Nanking), most of them fled the city. A small number of Western businessmen, journalists and missionary, missionaries, however, chose to remain behind. The missionaries were primarily Americans from the Episcopal Church (United States), Episcopal, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Disciples of Christ, Presbyterianism, Presbyterian, and Methodism, Methodist churches. To coordinate their efforts, the Westerners formed a committee: the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone. German businessman John Rabe was elected as its leader, partly because of his status as a member of the Nazi party, and the existence of the German–Japanese bilateral Anti-Comintern Pact. Rabe and other refugees from foreign coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minnie Vautrin
Wilhelmina "Minnie" Vautrin (September 27, 1886 – May 14, 1941) was an American missionary, diarist, educator and president of Ginling College. A Christian missionary in China for 28 years, she became known for caring for and protecting at least 10,000 Chinese refugees during the Nanjing Massacre in China, during which she kept a now-published diary, at times even challenging the Japanese authorities for documents in an attempt to protect the civilians staying at her college. After surviving in the Nanking Safety Zone from 1937, she returned to the United States in May 1940. One year later, she committed suicide in America due to extreme stress and trauma from the Nanjing Massacre. Vautrin was awarded the Order of the Blue Jade by the Chinese government for her humanitarian work during the Nanjing Massacre. Early life and education Wilhelmina Vautrin was born in Secor, Clayton County, Illinois, on September 27, 1886, to Pauline (née Lohr) and Edmond Louis Vautrin. Her f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Red Cross Committee Of Nanking
During the Japanese-led Nanjing Massacre, the International Red Cross established a contingent in the city to coordinate the humanitarian aid effort. Members Activities Below is listed their responsibilities, and/or their mini-biographies if known and not already linked above: John Magee John Magee was an Episcopalian minister and the Red Cross chairman of the Nanking Branch. In his role with the Red Cross, he provided care to the hospitalized wounded, but is also known for filming what he saw on the streets of Nanjing, providing documentary evidence to the world. Minnie Vautrin Through Minnie Vautrin's efforts, Ginling Girls College became a haven of refuge, at times harboring up to 10,000 women in a college designed to support between 200 and 300. With only her wits and the use of an American flag, Vautrin was able to repel incursions into her college and thereby protected thousands of Chinese women from being raped as she oversaw the refugee camp at Ginling Women's Arts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YMCA
YMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It has nearly 90,000 staff, some 920,000 volunteers and 12,000 branches worldwide. It was founded in London on 6 June 1844 by George Williams (philanthropist), George Williams as the Young Men's Christian Association. The organisation's stated aim is to put Christian values into practice by developing a healthy body, mind, and spirit. From its inception, YMCA grew rapidly, ultimately becoming a worldwide movement founded on the principles of muscular Christianity. Local YMCAs deliver projects and services focused on youth development through a wide variety of youth activities, including providing athletic facilities, holding classes for a wide variety of skills, promoting Christianity, and humanitarian work. YMCA is a non-governmental federation, with each independent local YMCA affiliated with its national or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Ashmore Fitch
George Ashmore Fitch (January 23, 1883 – January 21, 1979) was an American Presbyterianism, Presbyterian missionary that lived and worked in Republic of China (1912–1949), China, United States Army Military Government in Korea, southern Korea, and Taiwan. Fitch notably smuggled out of Nanjing some of the only known reels of film that documented the Nanjing Massacre. Fitch was born and raised in China, and was a fluent speaker of Chinese. He and his siblings went to the United States for their education, but all returned afterwards and worked in various religious and humanitarian roles. Fitch himself worked with the YMCA for most of his career. He is most notable for his assistance of civilians and documentation of the Nanjing Massacre. Fitch served as director of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone, and like John Rabe, was one of the few foreigners in the city at that time. When he eventually left the city, he smuggled with him evidence of the atrocities. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clifford Sharp Trimmer
Clifford Sharp Trimmer (February 5, 1891 - January 8, 1974, zh, 特里默), or CS Trimmer ( zh, 屈穆尔), was an American doctor and a member of Methodist Episcopal Church. Biography Clifford was born in Middle Valley, New Jersey. At the time of his birth, his father, Morris Sharp Trimmer, was 32 years old, and his mother, Mary Elizabeth Dufford, was 33 years old. Clifford obtained his degree from Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, in 1913, and earned his M.D. in 1918 from the University of Pennsylvania. He arrived in China and served as an internist at (Drum Tower Hospital) then. During the Second Congress of the Chinese Medical Association in Nanjing at the end of March 1934, Muer was a member of the hospitality team. In August 1937, he assumed the position of head of the Department of Internal Medicine and Radiology at Gulou Hospital. On November 29th, he participated as a member of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone during the Nanjing Massacre. He be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Sperling (businessman)
Eduard Sperling (1870s-?, zh, 爱德华·史波林, 施佩林, 史排林), a member of the Nazi Party and a representative of the Shanghai Insurance Company in Nanjing. He was a member of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone during the Nanjing Massacre. Biography Eduard Sperling served in the German military during World War I, and engaged in the Siege of Tsingtao, apprehended by the Japanese, and was detained in Japan for four years. During the Nanking Massacre, he served as a member of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone and held the position of General Inspector. As a member of the Nazi Party, Spolin denounced the Japanese forces while exclaiming " Heil Hitler" to intimidate them, and protect Chinese refugees. In February 1938, he received treatment for a cold from and thereafter traveled to the Shanghai International Settlement to assist Jin in submitting his report of Nanjing Massacre to the Nationalist Government The Nationali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lewis S
Lewis may refer to: Names * Lewis (given name), including a list of people with the given name * Lewis (surname), including a list of people with the surname Music * Lewis (musician), Canadian singer * " Lewis (Mistreated)", a song by Radiohead from ''My Iron Lung'' Places * Lewis (crater), a crater on the far side of the Moon * Isle of Lewis, the northern part of Lewis and Harris, Western Isles, Scotland United States * Lewis, Colorado * Lewis, Indiana * Lewis, Iowa * Lewis, Kansas * Lewis Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts * Lewis, Missouri * Lewis, Essex County, New York * Lewis, Lewis County, New York * Lewis, North Carolina * Lewis, Vermont * Lewis, Wisconsin Ships * USS ''Lewis'' (1861), a sailing ship * USS ''Lewis'' (DE-535), a destroyer escort in commission from 1944 to 1946 Science * Lewis structure, a diagram of a molecule that shows the bonding between the atoms * Lewis acids and bases * Lewis antigen system, a human blood group system * Lewis number, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siemens AG
Siemens AG ( ) is a German multinational technology conglomerate. It is focused on industrial automation, building automation, rail transport and health technology. Siemens is the largest engineering company in Europe, and holds the position of global market leader in industrial automation and industrial software. The origins of the conglomerate can be traced back to 1847 to the ''Telegraphen Bau-Anstalt von Siemens & Halske'' established in Berlin by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske. In 1966, the present-day corporation emerged from the merger of three companies: Siemens & Halske, Siemens-Schuckert, and Siemens-Reiniger-Werke. Today headquartered in Munich and Berlin, Siemens and its subsidiaries employ approximately 320,000 people worldwide and reported a global revenue of around €78 billion in 2023. The company is a component of the DAX and Euro Stoxx 50 stock market indices. As of December 2023, Siemens is the second largest German company by market ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Hector Munro-Faure
Paul Hector Munro-Faure (1894–1956), or P. H. Munro-Faure ( zh, 芒罗·福勒), was a British military officer and entrepreneur. Biography His father was Paul-Jules Faure. Paul resided in Aldenham, Hertfordshire, till 1911 and graduated from Aldenham School Contingent, O.T.C. He joined the British Army Reserve Corps on January 27, 1912, was elevated to the rank of lieutenant on August 6, 1914, and participated in World War I. Served with the 1st and 2nd Battalions Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment (Sherwood Foresters) from 1915 to 1916, and in Africa with the King's African Rifles as a Captain from 1917 to 1918. From 1919, he was employed by the Asiatic Petroleum Company, traversing China, where he wed Marion Beatrice Blackborn in 1922 and fathered two boys before assuming the role of branch manager in Nanking in 1937. Paul was a member of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone upon its establishment on November 29, 1937, and was compelled to vacate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilson Plumer Mills
Wilson Plumer Mills (December 1, 1883–February 26, 1959, zh, 米尔士) was an American missionary and humanitarian known for his efforts to protect civilians during the Nanjing Massacre (1937–1938) under Japanese occupation. Biography Early life and education Born in 1883 to William Wilson Mills (1837–1905) and Sarah Edith Ann Smith Mills (1838–1911), Mills grew up in a family with three older brothers, one sister, and a younger sister who died in infancy. He earned his first bachelor's degree from Davidson College in 1903, followed by a second degree at the University of Oxford in 1910. In 1912, he graduated from Columbia Theological Seminary with a Bachelor of Divinity and soon joined the YMCA in China, serving until 1931. From 1933, he worked as a pastor under the Presbyterian Foreign Mission Board. Nanjing and Shanghai In November 1937, as Japanese forces advanced toward Nanjing, Mills became vice-chairman of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Magee (missionary)
John Gillespie Magee (October 10, 1884 – September 11, 1953) was an American Episcopal priest, best known for his work in Nanjing as a missionary, and for the films and pictures he shot during the Nanjing Massacre. He is also credited with saving thousands of lives throughout the event. Early life and education Magee was born in 1884 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Magee came from a wealthy Pittsburgh family. His brother was aviator and Congressman James McDevitt Magee. Magee went to school at Yale University, where he was a member of Skull and Bones, and then on to divinity school in Massachusetts. A missionary in China, he was the minister at an Episcopal mission in Nanjing from 1912 to 1940. While in China, Magee married a missionary from Helmingham in Suffolk, England, Faith Emmeline Backhouse. They had four sons: John, Hugh, David and Christopher. Their oldest son went on to write the famous poem '' High Flight'', when he served in the Royal Canadian Air Force durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
