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Informational Autocracy
Imagocracy (from the Spanish ''imagocracia'') is a form of governance where censorship and propaganda—particularly through media manipulation—rather than violent coercion, influence public opinion to maintain power. In an imagocracy, primarily observed in so-called informational autocracies or spin dictatorships, the focus is on propaganda techniques such as spin, disinformation, and maintaining psychological control by instilling fear of the ' Other.' An ''informational autocracy'' does not use violence or direct repression on its political opponents. It also creates its own institutions that mimic democratic institutions. The final characteristic of these regimes is that they have little support with the educated elite, but have wide support among the less-educated masses. Etymology The term ''imagocracy'' was likely first coined in Spanish (as '''') by Peruvian politician Manuel Dammert in 2001 to describe Alberto Fujimori's style of governance: A dictatorship that constr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Language
Spanish () or Castilian () is a Romance languages, Romance language of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. Today, it is a world language, global language with 483 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain, and about 558 million speakers total, including second-language speakers. Spanish is the official language of List of countries where Spanish is an official language, 20 countries, as well as one of the Official languages of the United Nations, six official languages of the United Nations. Spanish is the world's list of languages by number of native speakers, second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese; the world's list of languages by total number of speakers, fourth-most spoken language overall after English language, English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani language, Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu); and the world's most widely spoken Romance language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimiro Montesinos
Vladimiro Lenin Ilich Montesinos Torres (; born May 20, 1945) is a Peruvian former intelligence officer and lawyer, most notorious for his role as the head of Peru's National Intelligence Service (SIN) during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. Montesinos was widely regarded as the power behind the throne, often regarded as the true authority in the government, supported by the Peruvian Armed Forces. * * * * * Montesinos' career was marked by his deep connections with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), through which he received substantial funding ostensibly for anti-terrorism efforts. His tenure saw numerous human rights abuses and corruption scandals. The " Vladi-videos," secretly recorded tapes showing Montesinos bribing officials, led to a national scandal in 2000. This exposure forced him to flee Peru and precipitated Fujimori's resignation. Investigations unveiled Montesinos' involvement in a wide range of illegal activities, including embezzlement, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladi-videos
Vladimiro Lenin Ilich Montesinos Torres (; born May 20, 1945) is a Peruvian former intelligence officer and lawyer, most notorious for his role as the head of Peru's National Intelligence Service (Peru), National Intelligence Service (SIN) during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. Montesinos was widely regarded as the power behind the throne, often regarded as the true authority in the government, supported by the Peruvian Armed Forces. * * * * * Montesinos' career was marked by his deep connections with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), through which he received substantial funding ostensibly for anti-terrorism efforts. His tenure saw numerous human rights abuses and corruption scandals. The "Vladi-videos," secretly recorded tapes showing Montesinos bribing officials, led to a national scandal in 2000. This exposure forced him to flee Peru and precipitated Fujimori's resignation. Investigations unveiled Montesinos' involvement in a wide range of illegal acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canal N
Canal N a Peruvian pay television news channel news channel. It was founded as a joint venture between El Comercio and Telefónica. The channel is exclusively available through Movistar TV. Although CCN and Cable Mágico Noticias were the first Peruvian news channels, Canal N established itself as the only permanent media outlet with local and national coverage in the 2000s, until the arrival of other competitors such as ATV+ and RPP TV. History The concept of Canal N was conceived in 1997 by journalist Bernardo Roca Rey during the Japanese embassy hostage crisis in Lima. To bring this concept to fruition, a commercial partner was required. Over time, Gilberto Hume emerged as the suitable partner, whom Rey encountered at a beach. "A whole afternoon making ceviche in a jar with plenty of pisco, and then we continued thinking about it and the idea matured," said Hume. The directives of '' El Comercio'' (later formed as El Comercio Producciones), after giving approval to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter-American Court Of Human Rights
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (I/A Court H.R.) is an international court based in San José, Costa Rica. Together with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, it was formed by the American Convention on Human Rights, a human rights treaty ratified by members of the Organization of American States (OAS). Pursuant to American Convention, the Inter-American Court works with the Inter-American Commission to uphold and promote basic rights and freedoms. It has jurisdiction within around 20 of the 35 member states in the American continent that have taken steps to accede to its authority, the vast majority in Latin America. The court adjudicates claims of human rights violations by governments, and issues advisory opinions on interpretations of certain legal matters. Twenty-nine OAS members are also members of the wider-scale International Criminal Court. Purpose and functions The Organization of American States established the Court in 1979 to enforce and interp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusto Pinochet
Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean military officer and politician who was the dictator of Military dictatorship of Chile, Chile from 1973 to 1990. From 1973 to 1981, he was the leader of the Government Junta of Chile (1973), military junta, which in 1974 declared him President of Chile, President of the Republic and thus the dictator of Chile; in 1980, 1980 Chilean constitutional referendum, a referendum approved Chilean Constitution of 1980, a new constitution confirming him in the office, after which he served as ''de jure'' president from 1981 to 1990. His time in office remains the longest of any Chilean ruler.Carlos Huneeus, Huneeus, Carlos (2007)Las consecuencias del caso Pinochet en la política chilena Centro de. Estudios de la Realidad Contemporánea. Augusto Pinochet rose through the ranks of the Chilean Army to become General Chief of Staff in early 1972 before being appointed its List of comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Intelligence Service (Peru)
The National Intelligence Service ( or ) was an intelligence agency of the Government of Peru that existed from 1960 to 2001. It was headquartered at the Quiñones Building, the headquarters of the country's Ministry of Defence (Peru), Defence Ministry. History On January 26, 1961, President Manuel Prado Ugarteche created the National Intelligence Service (SIN) by Supreme Decree in a stage characterised by the triumph of the Cuban revolution, the phenomenon of unconventional war, and the process of recent modernisation carried out by the Peruvian Army. This was important in the Latin American cultural Cold War. During the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru, government of Juan Velasco Alvarado, the SIN was Soviet espionage in Peru, related to the KGB, the intelligence agency of the Soviet Union. Negotiations were held between the SIN and the KGB for the training of agents, exchange of intelligence and cooperation in security measures. The KGB assigned two operat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baruch Ivcher
Baruch Ivcher () is an Israeli-born billionaire business tycoon who lives in Peru. Ivcher was a majority shareholder of the Peruvian television station Latina Televisión, Frecuencia Latina. President Alberto Fujimori ordered Ivcher stripped of his Peruvian citizenship when the station's investigative program ''Contrapunto'' exposed government corruption. Early life Ivcher was born in Hadera, Mandatory Palestine (now in Israel). After graduating from law school at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, he opened a law office in Hadera. In 1970, he moved to Lima, Peru, where he opened a mattress factory, Productos Paraiso, now the largest bedding company in South America, worth well over $1 billion. Ivcher and his wife Nomi had 4 children. Media ownership Ivcher acquired Peruvian nationality law, Peruvian nationality in keeping with a law in force at the time according to which aliens were not permitted to own a radio or television channel in Peru. In 1996, Ivcher's television sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streisand Effect
The Streisand effect is an unintended consequences, unintended consequence of attempts to hide, remove, or Censorship, censor information, where the effort instead increases public awareness of the information. The term was coined in 2005 by Mike Masnick after Barbra Streisand attempted to suppress the publication of a photograph showing her clifftop residence in Malibu, California, Malibu, taken to document coastal erosion in California, inadvertently drawing far greater attention to the previously obscure photograph. Mechanism Attempts to suppress information are often made through cease and desist, cease-and-desist letters, but instead of being suppressed, the information sometimes receives extensive publicity, as well as the creation of media such as videos and spoof songs, which can be Mirror site, mirrored on the Internet or distributed on File sharing, file-sharing networks. In addition, seeking or obtaining an injunction to prohibit something from being Publishing, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Globalized Economy
Economic globalization is one of the three main dimensions of globalization commonly found in academic literature, with the two others being political globalization and cultural globalization, as well as the general term of globalization. Economic globalization refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information. It is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital. Economic globalization primarily comprises the globalization of production, finance, markets, technology, organizational regimes, institutions, corporations, and people.James et al., vols. 1–4 (2007) While economic globalization has been expanding since the emergence of trans-national trade, it has grown at an increased rate due to improvements in the efficiency of long-distance transportation, advan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictator
A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute Power (social and political), power. A dictatorship is a state ruled by one dictator or by a polity. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to rule the republic in Justitium, times of emergency. Like the terms "''tyrant''" and "''Autocracy, autocrat''", ''dictator'' came to be used almost exclusively as a non-titular term for oppressive rule. In modern usage the term ''dictator'' is generally used to describe a leader who holds or abuses an extraordinary amount of personal power. Dictatorships are often characterised by some of the following: suspension of elections and civil liberties; proclamation of a state of emergency; rule by decree; political repression, repression of political opponents; not abiding by the procedures of the rule of law; and the existence of a cult of personality centered on the leader. Dictatorships are often one-party state, one-party or dominant-party s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culture Of Fear
Culture of fear (or climate of fear) is the concept which describes the pervasive feeling of fear in a given group, often due to actions taken by leaders. The term was popularized by Frank Furedi and has been more recently popularized by the American sociologist Barry Glassner. In politics Nazi German politician Hermann Göring explained how people can be made fearful and to support a war they would otherwise oppose: In her book ''State and Opposition in Military Brazil'', Maria Helena Moreira Alves found a "culture of fear" was implemented as part of political repression since 1964. She used the term to describe methods implemented by the national security apparatus of Brazil in its effort to equate political participation with risk of arrest and torture. Cassação (English: cassation) is one such mechanism used to punish members of the military by legally declaring them dead. This enhanced the potential for political control through intensifying the culture of fear a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
