Indústria Nacional De Armas
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Indústria Nacional De Armas
Indústria Nacional de Armas (INA) was a Brazilian firearms manufacturer. Background In April 1940, the Brazilian Army officer Plinio Cardoso was in Denmark visiting the DISA (company), Dansk Industri Syndicat factory on an official mission, when the Germans invaded the country. Afraid that their submachine gun designs would fall into the hands of the Wehrmacht, the company handed the designs over to Plínio, who would return to Brazil and keep the designs safely away from Europe. After the end of the war, the Brazilian officer returned to Denmark to return the designs, which began manufacturing the Madsen M-46 submachine gun soon after. In recognition of his work, the company granted him the rights to manufacture the weapon in Brazil. Some models and first prototypes of the submachine gun would have been developed and adapted inside the IMBEL factory in Itajubá, in partnership with the engineer Euclydes Bueno Filho, who would join Plinio to found INA. History In 1949, the ...
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Madsen M-50
The Madsen M-50 or M/50 is a submachine gun introduced in 1950. It was produced by the Danish company Dansk Industri Syndikat of Copenhagen, Denmark. Overview This firearm was a modified variation of the M/46. The only major improvement was the simplified retracting handle. Introduction of the M/50 occurred at Mosede Fort, from 7 November 1950, until 1953. The M/50 is made of stamped sheet metal. It is an open bolt design which means it fires when the bolt is in the locked back open position with a fixed firing pin. The M/46 and M/50 share a unique design: the firearm is stamped from two pieces of sheet metal which are shaped with an integral rear pistol grip and magazine housing. The two pieces fit together like a clam shell with the hinge at the rear of the pistol grip. The firearm is held together with a barrel locking nut which is threaded onto the fore section of the two receiver halves. The pistol grip is hollow, providing storage space for a magazine loading tool. The fold ...
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32 S&W Long
The .32 S&W Long / 7.65x23mmR, often called the .32 Long, is a straight-walled, centerfire, rimmed handgun cartridge, based on the earlier .32 S&W cartridge. It was introduced in 1896 for Smith & Wesson's first-model Hand Ejector revolver. Colt called it the .32 Colt New Police in revolvers it made chambered for the cartridge. History The .32 S&W Long, a lengthened version of the earlier .32 S&W, was introduced in 1896 with the Smith & Wesson (S&W) .32 Hand Ejector revolver, which, with its swing-out cylinder, has been the basis for every S&W revolver designed since. In its original form, the cartridge was loaded with black powder. In 1903, the small Hand Ejector was slightly redesigned. The cartridge retained the same dimensions, but was now loaded with smokeless powder to roughly the same chamber pressure. When he was the New York City Police Commissioner, Theodore Roosevelt standardized the department's use of the Colt New Police revolver. The cartridge was then adopt ...
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Exército Brasileiro
The Brazilian Army (; EB) is the branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces responsible, externally, for defending the country in eminently terrestrial operations and, internally, for guaranteeing law, order and the constitutional branches, subordinating itself, in the Federal government of Brazil, Federal Government's structure, to the Ministry of Defence (Brazil), Ministry of Defense, alongside the Brazilian Navy and Brazilian Air Force, Air Force. The Military Police (Brazil), Military Police (; PMs) and Military Firefighters Corps (; CBMs) are legally designated as reserve and auxiliary forces to the army. Its operational arm is called Land Force. It is the largest army in South America and the largest branch of the Armed Forces of Brazil. Emerging from the defense forces of the Portuguese Empire in Colonial Brazil as the Imperial Brazilian Army, its two main conventional warfare experiences were the Paraguayan War and the Brazilian Expeditionary Force, and its traditional rival i ...
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São Paulo
São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the Americas, Americas, and both the Western Hemisphere, Western and Southern Hemispheres. Listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) as an global city, alpha global city, it exerts substantial international influence in commerce, finance, arts, and entertainment. It is the List of largest cities#List, largest urban area by population outside Asia and the most populous Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers, Portuguese-speaking city in the world. The city's name honors Paul the Apostle and people from the city are known as ''paulistanos''. The city's Latin motto is ''Non ducor, duco'', which translates as "I am not led, I lead." Founded in 1554 by Jesuit priests, the city was the center of the ''bandeirant ...
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Universidade De São Paulo
The FISU World University Games, formerly the Universiade, is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The former name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad". The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade was to be officially branded as the FISU World University Games. The most recent summer event was the 2021 Summer World University Games held in Chengdu, China from 28 July – 8 August 2023, after being postponed twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It effectively replaced the 2023 Summer World University Games, that was set to be held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, which were cancelled due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The most recent win ...
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Federation Of American Scientists
The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) is an American nonprofit global policy think tank with the stated intent of using science and scientific analysis to attempt to make the world more secure. FAS was founded in 1945 by a group of scientists, some of whom had previously contributed to the development of nuclear weapons in the Manhattan Project. The Federation of American Scientists states that it aims to reduce the amount of nuclear weapons that are in use, and prevent nuclear and radiological terrorism. It says it aims to present high standards for nuclear energy's safety and security, illuminate government secrecy practices, as well as track and eliminate the global illicit trade of conventional, nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. With 100 sponsors, the Federation of American Scientists says that it promotes a safer and more secure world by developing and advancing solutions to important science and technology security policy problems by educating the public and ...
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Rio Grande Do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul (, ; ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative units of Brazil#List, fifth-most populous state and the List of Brazilian states by area, ninth-largest by area and it is divided into 497 municipalities. Located in the southernmost part of the country, Rio Grande do Sul is bordered clockwise by Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Uruguayan Departments of Uruguay, departments of Rocha Department, Rocha, Treinta y Tres Department, Treinta y Tres, Cerro Largo Department, Cerro Largo, Rivera Department, Rivera, and Artigas Department, Artigas to the south and southwest, and the Argentina, Argentine Provinces of Argentina, provinces of Corrientes Province, Corrientes and Misiones Province, Misiones to the west and northwest. The capital and largest city is Porto Alegre. The state has the highest lif ...
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INA Model 953
The INA Model 953 is a Brazilian submachine gun, manufacturead and based on the Madsen M/50. Revolutionary Carlos Marighella recommended this as the ''"ideal submachine gun for the urban guerrilla"'' in his "Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla" History It was manufactured by the Indústria Nacional de Armas in São Paulo Brazil under license for Madsen, which began in 1950. Design The first Model was marked M.B.-50 and was manufactured till 1953 and was marked with a large Brazilian crest. In late 1953, the Model 1953 was introduced. Improvements on the 1953 model were a larger magazine housing and a metal loop riveted to the lower right side of the magazine housing. The loop could then hold the magazine housing together. Also the retracting handle was changed on the Model 953 to the right side instead of the top as was the buffer spring and the shape of the extractor, ejector and the firing pin. The INA Model 53 is made of stamped sheet metal. It's an open bolt design wh ...
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Companhia Brasileira De Cartuchos
Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos (CBC) is a Brazilian ammunition and weapons factory based in Ribeirão Pires, São Paulo, Brazil. Company profile World leader in ammunition for portable weapons and one of the main suppliers to NATO, CBC is the premier Defense brand in the small caliber segment. CBC products are used globally and contribute to the protection and security of millions of people. CBC was created in Brazil in 1926 and holds the status of Strategic Defense Company, being the primary supplier to the local military and law enforcement sectors. It serves as the headquarters for CBC Global Ammunition, the holding for a group of companies internationally active in the ammunition sector: CBC Brazil, Magtech Ammunition USA, MEN Germany and Sellier & Bellot Czech Republic. This strategic alliance forms one of the largest ammunition corporations in the world, with a combined experience of more than 300 years in the manufacturing of small and medium calibers. The compre ...
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Beretta M12
The Beretta M12 (Model 12) is a 9×19mm Parabellum caliber submachine gun designed by Beretta. Production started in 1959, the first users were the Italian Carabinieri, Italian State Police and the Guardia di Finanza, though in limited numbers; it was only widely issued beginning in 1978, replacing the old Beretta MAB. In 1962 the Italian Army bought a limited number of Franchi LF-57 submachine guns, judged better than the M12 but never issued to the troops, and only in 1992 the M12S2 variant was introduced, in very limited numbers. The Italian Air Force bought instead many M12S and M12S2 for the airport security units. However, the weapon had a higher initial success in the Arab countries and South America. The weapon was first seen during the Tet Offensive in 1968 when the U.S. Marines guarding the U.S. embassy in Saigon repelled the assault by the Viet Cong using the Beretta M12. It is also used by various South American, African and Asian countries, and made under licenc ...
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Gun Law In The United States
In the United States, the right to keep and bear arms is modulated by a variety of state and federal statutes. These laws generally regulate the manufacture, trade, possession, transfer, record keeping, transport, and destruction of firearms, ammunition, and firearms accessories. They are enforced by state, local and the federal agencies which include the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The private right to keep and bear arms is protected by the Second Amendment of the United States Constitution. This protection became legally explicit when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in '' District of Columbia v. Heller'' (2008) that the Amendment defined and protected an individual right, unconnected with militia service. A subsequent holding in '' McDonald v. City of Chicago'' (2010) ruled that the Second Amendment is incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and thereby applies to state and local laws. In '' New York State Rifle & Pi ...
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