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Indian Honours System
The Indian honours system is the system of awards given to individuals for a variety of services to the Republic of India. The categories of awards are as follows: Civilian awards Bharat Ratna Bharat Ratna ("Jewel of India"), the highest civilian award of India, was instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, gender or religion is eligible for this award. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service or performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a ''Sanad'' (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion. Padma awards Padma Awards were instituted in the year 1954. Except for brief interruptions during the years 1978 to 1979 and 1993 to 1997, these awards have been announced every year on Republic Day. The award is given in three categories: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, in decreasing order of precedence. * Padma Vibhushan is awar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharat Ratna
The Bharat Ratna (; ) is the highest Indian honours system, civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of "exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position or gender. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the Government of India expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavor" in December 2011. The recommendations for the award are made by the Prime Minister of India, prime minister to the President of India, president. The recipients receive a ''Sanad'' (certificate) signed by the president and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were: the former Governor-General of India, governor-general of the Union of India C. Rajagopalachari, the former president of the Republic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awards And Decorations Of The Indian Armed Forces
The Indian Armed Forces, Armed Forces of India are eligible for many military decorations awarded for extraordinary bravery and distinguished service during times of war and peace. Service and campaign medals have been awarded throughout India's history as an independent state. Post-nominal letters for wartime gallantry decorations were approved when those decorations were created in 1950. Until 27 January 1967, when they received their present names, the two lower peacetime gallantry decorations and the two higher peacetime distinguished service medals were respectively distinct classes of the Ashoka Chakra and the Vishisht Seva Medal. Post-nominals for peacetime gallantry, peacetime distinguished service and branch distinguished service awards were approved in August 1967. Gallantry medals ;Wartime gallantry awards ;Peacetime gallantry awards Distinguished service medals ;Wartime distinguished service medals ;Peacetime distinguished service medals ;Branch distinguished ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirti Chakra
The Kirti Chakra () is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the field of battle. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, including posthumous awards. It is the ''peacetime equivalent'' of the Maha Vir Chakra. It is second in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards, comes after Ashoka Chakra and before Shaurya Chakra. Before 1967, the award was known as the ''Ashoka Chakra, Class II.'' History Established as the "Ashoka Chakra, Class II" by the President of India, 4 January 1952 (with effect from 15 August 1947). The statutes were revised and the decoration renamed on 27 January 1967. To understand the award better, a sample recipient would be No. 18161 Naik Mukhtiar Singh, 4 J. & K. Infantry (to date from 19 March 1956).''"On the night of 18/19 March 1956, the position occupied by our troops on the Bela at Hussainiwala Headworks, near Ferozepore on the Indo-Pakistani Border was attacked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirti Chakra Ribbon
''Kirti'' was a Punjabi monthly started by the veteran Ghadarite Santokh Singh in February 1926. It was purely a communist production, subsidized by the Ghadar Party in the United States. Within a few months, Sohan Singh Josh took over as the editor. In 1928, the Communist Party of India tied-Kirti group (also known as the Kirti Kisan Party) was formed, ''Kirti'' became its mouthpiece. Its purpose was to outline the basic ideas of revolution and Marxist ideals. According to Santokh Singh, the word ''Kirti'' is the exact translation of the word "labourer", a person who does not have any capital and means of production and earns his living by working for others. Similarly ''Kirti Shreni'' is the class of people who do not have any capital or means of production. Bhagat Singh Bhagat Singh (27 September 1907 – 23 March 1931) was an Indian anti-colonial revolutionary who participated in the mistaken murder of a junior British police officer in December 1928 in what ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashoka Chakra (military Decoration)
The Ashoka Chakra () is India's highest peacetime military decoration. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra and is awarded for the "most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice". The decoration may be awarded either to military personnel or civilians by the Government of India. The circular medal consists of Ashoka Chakra surrounded by a lotus wreath on the front. The obverse consists of "Ashoka Chakra" written in Devanagari along the upper edge on the medal and in English along the lower rim. It is suspended by a straight bar suspender from a green ribbon with a central saffron stripe. , there have been 86 recipients of the award. Of these, 68 have been posthumous recipients, and 17 have been civilians. Havildar Bachittar Singh of the Indian Army was the first recipient of the award, in 1952. D. K. Jatar, a pilot of Air India's Kashmir Princess was the first civilian recipient of the award, in 1955. Only two women have ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashoka Chakra Ribbon
Ashoka, also known as Asoka or Aśoka ( ; , ; – 232 BCE), and popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was Emperor of Magadha from until his death in 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynasty. His empire covered a large part of the Indian subcontinent, stretching from present-day Afghanistan in the west to present-day Bangladesh in the east, with its capital at Pataliputra. A patron of Buddhism, he is credited with playing an important role in the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia. The Edicts of Ashoka state that during his eighth regnal year (), he conquered Kalinga after a brutal war. Ashoka subsequently devoted himself to the propagation of "dhamma" or righteous conduct, the major theme of the edicts. Ashoka's edicts suggest that a few years after the Kalinga War, he was gradually drawn towards Buddhism. The Buddhist legends credit Ashoka with establishing a large number of stupas, patronising the Third Buddhist council, supporting Buddhist missiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vir Chakra
The Vir Chakra (pronunciation: ʋ iː ɾ a tʃ a kɾa, ) is an Indian wartime military bravery award presented for acts of gallantry on the battlefield, on land or in the air or at sea. It is third in precedence in wartime gallantry awards and comes after the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra. Origin It was established by the President of India on 26 January 1950 (with effect from 15 August 1947). The statutes were amended on 12 January 1952 to readjust the order of wearing as new decorations were established. It replaced the British Distinguished Service Cross (DSC), Military Cross (MC) and Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use Vr.C. as a postnominal abbreviation ote the care to distinguish this abbreviation from that for the Victoria Cross (V.C.) Appearance The medal is inch circular silver medal. A five pointed star, with the chakra in the centre, and, on this, the domed gilded State Emblem of India, state emblem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vir Chakra Ribbon Bar
Vir or VIR may refer to: Places * Vir (island), an island on the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea * Vir (municipality), the settlement on the Croatian island * Vir, Posušje, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina * Vír, a municipality and village in the Czech Republic * Vir, Markazi, a village in Iran * Vir, Zanjan, a village in Iran * Vir, Nikšić, a village in Montenegro * Vir, Domžale, a settlement in Slovenia * Vir pri Nevljah, a village in Slovenia * Beli Vir, a village near Kardzhali, Bulgaria * Bijeli Vir, a village near Metković, Croatia * Krivi Vir, a village near Zaječar, Serbia * Lepenski Vir, an archeological site in Serbia * Sinji Vir, a village near Paraćin, Serbia * VIR, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code for United States Virgin Islands The United States Virgin Islands, officially the Virgin Islands of the United States, are a group of Caribbean islands and a territory of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maha Vir Chakra
The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) () is the second highest military decoration in India, after the Param Vir Chakra, and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. It replaced the British Distinguished Service Order (DSO). The medal may be awarded posthumously. Appearance The medal is made of standard silver and is circular in shape. Embossed on the obverse is a five pointed heraldic star with circular center-piece bearing the gilded state emblem of India in the center. The words "Mahavira Chakra" are embossed in Hindi and English on the reverse with two lotus flowers in the middle. The decoration is worn on the left chest with a half-white and half-orange riband about 3.2 cm in width, the orange being near the left shoulder. History More than 218 acts of bravery and selfless courage have been recognized since the inception of the medal. The most MVCs awarded in a single conflict was in the Indo-Pakistani W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maha Vir Chakra Ribbon
Maha and MAHA may refer to: * Maha (name), an Arabic feminine given name * ''Maha'' (film), an Indian Tamil-language thriller film * MaHa, Nepali comedy duo, Madan Krishna Shrestha and Hari Bansha Acharya * Make America Healthy Again (MAHA), the colloquial branding of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s political platform in conjunction with the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign, introduced in July 2024 * Maha Music Festival, an annual music festival held on the riverfront in Omaha, Nebraska * Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), a microangiopathic subgroup of hemolytic anemia * Omaha (tribe), also known as Maha tribe * Mahas, a Nubian tribe of the Sudan * maha-, a prefix meaning "great" in Sanskrit and Pali honorific titles such as Maharaja, Maharani, Mahathera, Maharashtra * Hockey Manitoba Hockey Manitoba is the governing body of amateur ice hockey in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Hockey Manitoba was founded in 1914 as the ''Manitoba Amateur Hockey Association'' and is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Victoria Cross Recipients Of The Indian Army
The Victoria Cross (VC) was awarded to 153 members of the British Indian Army and civilians under its command, from 1857 until independence in 1947. The Victoria Cross is a military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories. It takes precedence over all other Orders, decorations and medals. It may be awarded to a person of any Military rank, rank in any service and to civilians under military command. The VC is traditionally presented to the recipient by the British monarchy, British monarch during an investiture at Buckingham Palace, though in a large number of cases this was not possible and it was presented in the field by a prominent civil or military official. The VC was introduced in Great Britain on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria to reward acts of valour during the Crimean War. Indian troops were not originally eligible for the V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
