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Indian Arts And Crafts Act Of 1990
The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-644) is a truth-in-advertising law which prohibits misrepresentation in marketing of American Indian or Alaska Native arts and crafts products within the United States. It is illegal to offer or display for sale or sell any art or craft product in a manner that falsely suggests it is Indian produced, an Indian product, or the product of a particular Indian or Indian Tribe or Indian arts and crafts organization, resident within the United States. For a first time violation of the Act, an individual can face civil or criminal penalties up to a $250,000 fine or a five-year prison term, or both. If a business violates the Act, it can face civil penalties or can be prosecuted and fined up to $1,000,000. The law covers all Indian and Indian-style traditional and contemporary arts and crafts produced after 1935. The Act broadly applies to the marketing of arts and crafts by any person in the United States. Some traditional items frequent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimes And Criminal Procedure
In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term ''crime'' does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition,Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definitions of", in Cane and Conoghan (editors), '' The New Oxford Companion to Law'', Oxford University Press, 2008 (), p. 263Google Books). though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law. The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. What precisely is a criminal offence is defined by the criminal law of each r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Service (economics)
A service is an act or use for which a consumer, company, or government is willing to payment, pay. Examples include work done by barbers, doctors, lawyers, mechanics, banks, insurance companies, and so on. Public services are those that society (nation state, fiscal union or region) as a whole pays for. Using resources, skill, ingenuity, and experience, service providers benefit service consumers. Services may be defined as intangible acts or performances whereby the service provider provides value to the customer. Key characteristics Services have three key characteristics: Intangibility Services are by definition intangible. They are not manufactured, transported or stocked. One cannot store services for future use. They are produced and consumed simultaneously. Perishability Services are perishable in two regards: * Service-relevant resources, processes, and systems are assigned for service delivery during a specific period in time. If the service consumer does not request ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Native American Flute
The Native American flute is a musical instrument and flute that is held in front of the player, has open finger holes, and has two chambers: one for collecting the breath of the player and a second chamber which creates sound. The player breathes into one end of the flute without the need for an embouchure. A ''block'' on the outside of the instrument directs the player's breath from the first chamber—called the slow air chamber—into the second chamber—called the sound chamber. The design of a ''sound hole'' at the proximal end of the sound chamber causes air from the player's breath to vibration, vibrate. This vibration causes a steady resonance of Atmospheric pressure, air pressure in the sound chamber that creates sound. Native American flutes comprise a wide range of designs, sizes, and variations—far more varied than most other classes of woodwind instruments. Names The instrument is known by many names. Some of the reasons for the variety of names include: the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Recognized Tribes In The United States
State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a state where the majority identify with a single nation (with shared culture or ethnic group) ** Constituent state, a political subdivision of a state ** Federated state, constituent states part of a federation *** U.S. state * State of nature, a concept within philosophy that describes the way humans acted before forming societies or civilizations State may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * '' State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * '' Our State'', a monthly magazine published in North Carolina and formerly called ''The State'' * The State (Larry Niven), a fictional future governme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pretendian
Pretendian (portmanteau of ''pretend'' and ''Indian'') is a pejorative colloquialism describing a person who has falsely claimed Indigenous identity by professing to be a citizen of a Native American or First Nation tribal nation, or to be descended from Native American or First Nation ancestors. A subset of this term is pretenduit (portmanteau of ''pretend'' and ''Inuit'') to describe the co-opting of Inuit heritage and culture. As a practice, being a pretendian is considered an extreme form of cultural appropriation, especially if that individual then asserts that they can represent, and speak for, communities from which they do not originate. The practice has sometimes been called Indigenous identity fraud, ethnic fraud, and race shifting. Early false claims to native identity, often called " playing Indian", go back at least as far as the Boston Tea Party. There was a rise in pretendians after the 1960s for a number of reasons, such as the reestablishment of tribal sovereig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Federally Recognized Tribes
This is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States. There are also federally recognized Alaska Native tribes. , 574 Indian tribes are legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States.Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Of these, 228 are located in Alaska, and 109 are located in California. Of the 574 federally recognized tribes, 346 are located in the contiguous United States. Description [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Intellectual Property
Indigenous intellectual property is a term used in national and international forums to describe intellectual property held to be collectively owned by various Indigenous peoples, and by extension, their legal rights to protect specific such property. This property includes Traditional knowledge, cultural knowledge of their groups and many aspects of their cultural heritage and knowledge, including that held in oral tradition, oral history. In Australia, the term Indigenous cultural and intellectual property, abbreviated as ICIP, is commonly used. There have been various efforts made since the late 20th century towards providing some kind of legal protection for indigenous intellectual property in colonized countries, including a number of declarations made by various conventions of Indigenous peoples. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) was created in 1970 to promote and protect intellectual property across the world by cooperating with countries as well as inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Arts And Crafts Laws
Indian arts and crafts laws are federal, state, and tribal Truth in Advertising Laws, truth-in-advertising laws in the United States that prohibit misrepresentation in marketing of Native Americans in the United States, American Indian or Alaska Native arts and crafts products. The federal Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 (IACA) defines an American Indian as a member of a federally recognized tribe, federally- or State-recognized tribes in the United States, state-recognized tribe, while state and tribal Indian arts and crafts laws typically restrict the definition of an American Indian to citizens of federally recognized tribes only. At least 13 states and 4 federally recognized American Indian tribes have passed Indian arts and crafts laws. Federal law In 1935, the U.S. federal government passed the Indian Arts and Crafts Act which established the Indian Arts and Crafts Board but also addressed the problem of counterfeit Native American arts and crafts. The law gave penalties o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Law For The Protection Of Cultural Heritage Of Indigenous And Afro-Mexican Peoples And Communities
The Federal Law for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Indigenous and Afro-Mexican Peoples and Communities (Spanish: Ley Federal de Protección del Patrimonio Cultural de los Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas) is a federal law in Mexico which protects the cultural heritage of Indigenous Mexicans and Afro-Mexicans and aims to curtail appropriation of Afro-Mexican and Indigenous cultures. The law was enacted on January 17, 2022. History Since the law has been enacted, Indigenous artisans in Mexico have brought complaints against corporations for appropriating traditional Indigenous designs. In 2022, Indigenous Oaxacan artists, including Mixtec artists, accused the US corporations J. Marie Collections and Tuckernuck of appropriating traditional Oaxacan huipil designs. See also *Cultural appropriation *Indian arts and crafts laws **Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art **Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 *Indigenous intellectual property *Pretendian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Appropriation
Cultural appropriation is the adoption of an element or elements of one culture or cultural identity, identity by members of another culture or identity in a manner perceived as inappropriate or unacknowledged. Such a controversy typically arises when members of a dominant culture borrow from minority groups, minority cultures. When cultural elements are copied from a minority culture by members of a dominant culture, and these elements are used outside of their original cultural context – sometimes even against the expressly stated wishes of members of the originating culture – the practice is often received negatively. On imitation Native headdresses as "the embodiment of cultural appropriation ... donning a highly sacred piece of Native culture like a fashion accessory". Cultural appropriation can include the exploitation of another culture's religious and cultural traditions, customs, dance steps, fashion, symbols, language, history and music. Cultural appropriat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherokee Nation Truth In Advertising For Native Art
The Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art is a legislative act unanimously passed by the Council of the Cherokee Nation on January 14, 2008, and signed into law a week later on January 21, 2008. A False advertising, truth-in-advertising law, the act requires vendors who market themselves as Native Americans in the United States, American Indians on Cherokee Nation property to provide proof of citizenship in a federally recognized American Indian tribe or face expulsion. About The act is stricter than the criteria set by the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, which stipulates that Native American artisans must be members of a federally recognized tribes, certain state-recognized tribes, or tribally designated artisans. The law follows the State of Oklahoma's American Indian Arts and Crafts Sales Act of 1974, which states: "'American Indian' means a person who is a citizen or is an enrolled member of an American Indian tribe" and "'American Indian tribe' means any I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
