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Index Of Biophysics Articles
This is a list of articles on biophysics. {{compact ToC, side=yes, top=yes, num=yes 0–9 *5-HT3 receptor A *ACCN1 *ANO1 *AP2 adaptor complex *Aaron Klug *Acid-sensing ion channel * Activating function *Active transport *Adolf Eugen Fick *Afterdepolarization * Aggregate modulus *Aharon Katzir *Alan Lloyd Hodgkin *Alexander Rich *Alexander van Oudenaarden *Allan McLeod Cormack *Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor *Alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor *Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor *Alpha helix *Alwyn Jones (biophysicist) *Amoeboid movement *Andreas Mershin *Andrew Huxley *Animal locomotion *Animal locomotion on the water surface *Anita Goel *Antiporter *Aquaporin 2 * Aquaporin 3 *Aquaporin 4 *Archibald Hill *Ariel Fernandez *Arthropod exoskeleton *Arthropod leg * Avery Gilbert B *BEST2 *BK channel *Bacterial outer membrane *Balance (ability) *Bat *Bat wing development *Bert Sakmann *Bestrophin 1 *Biased random walk (biochemistry) *Bioelectrochemical reactor *Bioelectrochemistry *Biofil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biophysics
Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena. Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization, from molecular to organismic and populations. Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry, molecular biology, physical chemistry, physiology, nanotechnology, bioengineering, computational biology, biomechanics, developmental biology and systems biology. The term ''biophysics'' was originally introduced by Karl Pearson in 1892. Roland Glaser. Biophysics: An Introduction'. Springer; 23 April 2012. . The term ''biophysics'' is also regularly used in academia to indicate the study of the physical quantities (e.g. electric current, temperature, stress, entropy) in biological systems. Other biological sciences also perform research on the biophysical properties of living organisms including molecular biology, cell biology, chemical biology, and biochemistry. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha-3 Beta-4 Nicotinic Receptor
The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor,Pharmacology, (Rang, Dale, Ritter & Moore, , 5th ed., Churchill Livingstone 2003) p. 138. is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, consisting of α3 and β4 subunits. It is located in the autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla, where activation yields post- and/or presynaptic excitation, mainly by increased Na+ and K+ permeability. As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the α3β4 receptor is pentameric α3)m(β4)n where m + n = 5 The exact subunit stoichiometry is not known and it is possible that more than one functional α3β4 receptor assembles in vivo with varying subunit stoichiometries. Ligands which inhibit the α3β4 receptor have been shown to modulate drug-seeking behavior, making α3β4 a promising target for the development of novel antiaddictive agents. Ligands Agonists * Acetylcholine (endogenous neurotransmitter that binds non-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquaporin 3
Aquaporin 3 (AQP-3) is the protein product of the human ''AQP3'' gene. It is found in the basolateral cell membrane of principal collecting duct cells and provides a pathway for water to exit these cells. Aquaporin-3 is also permeable to glycerol, ammonia, urea, and hydrogen peroxide. It is expressed in various tissues including the skin, respiratory tract, and kidneys as well as various types of cancers. In the kidney, aquaproin-3 is unresponsive to the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, unlike aquaporin-2. This protein is also a determinant for the GIL blood group system. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) (a HDAC inhibitor) increases expression of aquaporin-3 in normal skin cells ( keratinocytes). Clinical significance Aquaporin 3 levels are often lower in psoriasis than in healthy skin. Aquaporin 3 is expressed more in atopic eczema. Recent studies indicate that aquaporin 3 is overexpressed in many types of malignancies such as melanoma and primary effusion lymphoma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquaporin 2
Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) is found in the apical cell membranes of the kidney's collecting duct principal cells and in intracellular vesicles located throughout the cell. It is encoded by the gene. Regulation It is the only aquaporin regulated by vasopressin. The basic job of aquaporin 2 is to reabsorb water from the urine while its being removed from the blood by the kidney. Aquaporin 2 is in kidney epithelial cells and usually lies dormant in intracellular vesicle membranes. When it is needed, vasopressin binds to the cell surface vasopressin receptor thereby activating a signaling pathway that causes the aquaporin 2 containing vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane, so the aquaporin 2 can be used by the cell. This aquaporin is regulated in two ways by the peptide hormone vasopressin: * short-term regulation (minutes) through trafficking of AQP2 vesicles to the apical region where they fuse with the apical plasma membrane * long-term regulation (days) through an increase in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiporter
An antiporter (also called exchanger or counter-transporter) is a cotransporter and integral membrane protein involved in secondary active transport of two or more different molecules or ions across a phospholipid membrane such as the plasma membrane in opposite directions, one into the cell and one out of the cell. Na+/H+ antiporters have been reviewed. In secondary active transport, one species of solute moves along its electrochemical gradient, allowing a different species to move against its own electrochemical gradient. This movement is in contrast to primary active transport, in which all solutes are moved against their concentration gradients, fueled by ATP. Transport may involve one or more of each type of solute. For example, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, found in the plasma membrane of many cells, moves three sodium ions in one direction, and one calcium ion in the other. Role in Homeostatic Mechanisms Na+/H+ Antiporters Antiporters, such as Na+/H+ antiporter pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anita Goel
Anita Goel is an American physicist, physician, and scientist in the emerging field of Nanobiophysics. At the Nanobiosym Research Institute (NBS), Goel examines the physics of life and the way nanomotors read and write information into DNA. Education Goel received a PhD and M.A. in physics from Harvard University, where she was worked with Nobel laureate Dudley R. Herschbach. Her thesis was entitled ''Single Molecule Dynamics of Motor Enzymes Along DNA''. She received a BS in physics with honors and distinction from Stanford University, where her honors thesis mentor was Nobel laureate Steven Chu. She also earned in parallel an M.D. from the Harvard–MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the ... Joint Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST). Career Goel h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Locomotion On The Water Surface
Animal locomotion on the surface layer of water is the study of animal locomotion in the case of small animals that live on the surface layer of water, relying on surface tension to stay afloat. There are two types of animal locomotion on water, determined by the ratio of the animal's weight to the water's surface tension: those whose weight is supported by the surface tension at rest, and can therefore easily remain on the water's surface without much exertion, and those whose weight is not supported by the water's surface tension at rest, and must therefore exert additional motion in a direction parallel to the water's surface in order to remain above it. A creature such as the basilisk lizard, often dubbed the 'Jesus lizard', has a weight which is larger than the surface tension can support, and is widely known for running across the surface of water. Another example, the western grebe, performs a mating ritual that includes running across the surface of water. Surface living ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Locomotion
Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of methods that animals use to move from one place to another. Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, flying, hopping, soaring and gliding. There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders), rolling (some beetles and spiders) or riding other animals ( phoresis). Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators. For many animals, the ability to move is essential for survival and, as a result, natural selection has shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms used by moving organisms. For example, migratory animals that travel vast distances (such as the Arctic tern) typically have a locomotion mechanism that costs very little energy per unit distance, whereas non-migratory a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrew Huxley
Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley (22 November 191730 May 2012) was an English physiologist and biophysicist. He was born into the prominent Huxley family. After leaving Westminster School in central London, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge on a scholarship, after which he joined Alan Lloyd Hodgkin to study nerve impulses. Their eventual discovery of the basis for propagation of nerve impulses (called an action potential) earned them the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963. They made their discovery from the giant axon of the Atlantic squid. Soon after the outbreak of the Second World War, Huxley was recruited by the British Anti-Aircraft Command and later transferred to the Admiralty. After the war he resumed research at the University of Cambridge, where he developed interference microscopy that would be suitable for studying muscle fibres. In 1952, he was joined by a German physiologist Rolf Niedergerke. Together they discovered in 1954 the mechanism of musc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreas Mershin
Andreas Mershin is a physicist at the Center for Bits and Atoms in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Education He received his MSci in physics from Imperial College London (1997) and his PhD in Physics from Texas A&M University (2003), under Dimitri V. Nanopoulos, where he studied the theoretical and experimental biophysics of the cytoskeleton. He performed molecular dynamic simulations on tubulin. Under an NSF grant he conducted cross-disciplinary research that experimented with surface plasmon resonance, dielectric spectroscopy and molecular neurobiology. Mershin tested the hypothesis that the neuronal microtubular cytoskeleton is involved in memory encoding, storage, and retrieval in Drosophila. Career Mershin researches bio- and nano- materials at the Center for Bits and Atoms at MIT, where he develops bioelectronic photovoltaic and machine olfaction applications using membrane proteins integrated onto semiconductors. Mershin has patented in the field of bioener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amoeboid Movement
Amoeboid movement is the most typical mode of locomotion in adherent eukaryotic cells. It is a crawling-like type of movement accomplished by protrusion of cytoplasm of the cell involving the formation of pseudopodia ("false-feet") and posterior uropods. One or more pseudopodia may be produced at a time depending on the organism, but all amoeboid movement is characterized by the movement of organisms with an amorphous form that possess no set motility structures. Movement occurs when the cytoplasm slides and forms a pseudopodium in front to pull the cell forward. Some examples of organisms that exhibit this type of locomotion are amoebae (such as ''Amoeba proteus'' and '' Naegleria gruberi'',) and slime molds, as well as some cells in humans such as leukocytes. Sarcomas, or cancers arising from connective tissue cells, are particularly adept at amoeboid movement, thus leading to their high rate of metastasis. This type of movement has been linked to changes in action potential ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alwyn Jones (biophysicist)
Thomas Alwyn Jones (born 30 August 1947) is a Welsh biophysicist and a professor at the Uppsala University in Sweden. Early life and education Alwyn Jones attended the primary school at Bedlinog, and went on to the Lewis School, Pengam where he studied his GCE Ordinary Levels and A-levels. He was educated at King's College London, where he received his BSc in physics and a PhD degree in biochemistry. Career He held various positions at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Munich from 1973 to 1979, and in Uppsala from 1979. Jones was a Research Professor employed by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council 1987–1994, and has been Professor of Structural Biology at the Department of Molecular Biology, Uppsala, from 1994. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Society (elected in 1992) and a Foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (elected in 2000). He is a recipient of the Gregori Aminoff Prize (2003), "for his pioneering development of methods to interpret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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