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Inauguration Of Beatrix
The inauguration of Beatrix of the Netherlands, Beatrix as List of monarchs of the Netherlands, Queen of the Netherlands took place on 30 April 1980 at the Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam, Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam. Beatrix ascended the throne immediately following the abdication of her mother Juliana of the Netherlands, Juliana earlier that day. Celebrations were largely marred by riots, known as the Amsterdam coronation riots. Background Following a reign of 31 years which began with the abdication of her mother Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Queen Wilhelmina in 1948, Juliana of the Netherlands, Queen Juliana, in a television and radio address to the nation on 31 January 1980, announced her intent to abdicate the throne in favour of her eldest daughter, Beatrix, in accordance with the precedence set by her mother. Abdication At 10:06 AM CEST on 30 April 1980, her 71st birthday, Queen Juliana signed the instrument of abdication in the Royal Palace of Amsterdam. Juliana thus relinquishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beatrix Of The Netherlands
Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, ; born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal house who reigned as List of monarchs of the Netherlands, Queen of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until her abdication in 2013. Beatrix was born during the reign of her maternal grandmother, Queen Wilhelmina, and became heiress presumptive upon the accession of her mother, Queen Juliana, in 1948. Beatrix attended a public primary school in Canada during World War II, and then finished her primary and secondary education in the Netherlands in the post-war period. In 1961, she received her law degree from Leiden University. In 1966, Beatrix married Claus von Amsberg, a Germans, German diplomat, with whom she had three children. When her mother abdicated on 30 April 1980, Beatrix succeeded her as queen. Beatrix's reign saw the country's Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean possessions reshaped with Aruba's Status aparte, secession and becoming its own Countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Order Of William
The Military William Order, or often named Military Order of William (Dutch language, Dutch: , abbreviation: MWO), is the oldest and highest Dutch honours system, honour of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is named after St. William of Gellone (755–814), the first Prince of Orange. Its motto is (For Bravery, Leadership and Loyalty). The chivalric order was established on 30 April 1815 by King William I of the Netherlands, William I and was presented for feats of excellent bravery on the battlefield and as a meritorious decoration to senior military officers. Comparable with the French Légion d’Honneur but far less often awarded, it is open to everyone regardless of rank or nobility—not only to Dutch military, but also to foreigners. To date, membership in the Order is extremely rarely awarded, and only for exceptional bravery in battle. In the spring of 1940 it was decided that civilians would receive the Order for heroic acts in the Dutch resistance, resistance. After t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koningsmantel (Netherlands)
The royal mantle () of the Netherlands is worn only by the Dutch monarch at their inauguration. As Dutch monarchs are never crowned, it is more appropriate to speak of a royal mantle than a coronation mantle. It is a red velvet trimmed coat lined with white ermine and 83 Dutch lions embroidered with gold threads. It was last worn at the inauguration of King Willem-Alexander Willem-Alexander (; Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand; born 27 April 1967) is King of the Netherlands since 30 April 2013. Willem-Alexander was born in Utrecht during the reign of his maternal grandmother, Queen Juliana, as the eldest ch .... Bibliography * Elzinga, E. (1990): ''Theater van staat: oude tradities rond een jong koningschap'', Rijksmuseum Paleis Het Loo, Apeldoorn * Fasseur, C. (1998): ''Wilhelmina, de jonge koningin'', Balans, Amsterdam * Grijpma, Dieuwke (1999): ''Kleren voor de elite. Nederlandse couturiers en hun klanten 1882-2000'', Balans, Amsterdam, External links www ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regalia Of The Netherlands
The regalia of the Netherlands consists of a number of items symbolising the Dutch monarch's authority and dignity. In comparison to many European monarchies' regalia, the Dutch regalia are relatively new: having been commissioned by King William II in 1840. An earlier, more modest set of regalia made of silver was commissioned by King William I in 1815. Dutch monarchs are not and have never been crowned but are instead sworn-in and inaugurated in a ceremony at the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam. The regalia are never bestowed upon or worn by the monarch. Instead, the crown, sceptre, and orb are placed on what is called a credence table during the ceremony while the sword and standard are carried by different officials. A number of jewellery worn by the Dutch royal family are termed as the ''Crown Jewels'' and are not part of the regalia, nor is the royal mantle part of the regalia. Regalia The regalia of the Netherlands consist of the following: * the crown, symbolising the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charter For The Kingdom Of The Netherlands
The Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands (in Dutch: ''Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden''; in Papiamentu: ''Statuut di Reino Hulandes'') is a legal instrument that sets out the political relationship among the four countries that constitute the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten in the Caribbean and the Netherlands (for the most part) in Europe. It is the leading legal document of the Kingdom. The Constitution of the Netherlands and the Basic Laws of the three other countries are legally subordinate to the Charter. History The first version of the Charter, which described the relationship between the Netherlands, Suriname, and the Netherlands Antilles, was signed by Queen Juliana on 15 December 1954 and effective 29 December 1954. This version lasted for a couple of decades until 25 November 1975, when Suriname became an independent republic. In the Netherlands Antilles, the idea of one state never enjoyed the full support of all the isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of The Netherlands
The coat of arms of the Kingdom of the Netherlands was originally adopted in 1815 and later modified in 1907. The arms are a composite of the arms of the former Dutch Republic and the arms of the House of Nassau, it features a checkered shield with a lion grasping a sword in one hand and a bundle of arrows in the other and is the heraldic symbol of the monarchy of the Netherlands, monarch (King Willem-Alexander) and the country. The monarch uses a version of the arms with a mantle () while the government of the Netherlands uses a smaller version without the mantle (cloak) or the pavilion, sometimes only the shield and crown are used (). The components of the coats of arms were regulated by Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Queen Wilhelmina in a royal decree of 10 July 1907, affirmed by Queen Juliana in a royal decree of 23 April 1980. Description The blazon is as follows: ''Azure (heraldry), Azure, billetty Or (heraldry), Or a Lion (heraldry), lion with a coronet Or armed and langued ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonfalon
The gonfalon, gonfanon, gonfalone (from the early Italian ''confalone'') is a type of heraldic flag or banner, often pointed, swallow-tailed, or with several streamers, and suspended from a crossbar in an identical manner to the ancient Roman vexillum. It was first adopted by Italian medieval communes, and later, by local guilds, corporations and districts. The difference between a gonfalon with long tails and a standard is that a gonfalon displays the device on the non-tailed area, and the standard displays badges down the whole length of the flag. Background A gonfalon can include a badge or coat of arms, or decoration. Today, every Italian comune (municipality) has a gonfalon sporting its coat of arms. The gonfalon has long been used for ecclesiastical ceremonies and processions. The papal " ombrellino", a symbol of the pope, is often mistakenly called "gonfalone" by the Italians because the pope's ceremonial umbrella was often depicted on the banner. Gonfalons are also used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sword Of State
A sword of state is a sword, used as part of the regalia, symbolising the supreme power of a monarch, given by God, to use the infinite might of the state to deter its enemies by use of deadly warfare, if thus dire, to maintain order in the realm and save the realm from extinction, because God chose the monarch as the master of the realm to lead and protect it from any threat. It is known to be used in following monarchies: * ''Reichsschwert'' of the Holy Roman Empire, see Imperial Sword * Kingdom of Denmark, see Danish crown regalia * United Kingdom, see Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom * ''Joyeuse'', used for the ''sacre'' of the king of France. Reputed to be the sword of Charlemagne. * Kingdom of Hungary * Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech Republic) – Sword of Saint Wenceslas * Kingdom of England, later Great Britain, then United Kingdom; see British crown jewels#Swords * Kingdom of the Netherlands, see Dutch Royal Regalia (made in 1840 for enthronements) * Kingdom of Nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Resistance
The Dutch resistance () to the History of the Netherlands (1939–1945), German occupation of the Netherlands during World War II can be mainly characterized as non-violent. The primary organizers were the Communist Party of the Netherlands, Communist Party, churches, and independent groups. Over 300,000 people were hidden from German authorities in the autumn of 1944 by 60,000 to 200,000 illegal landlords and caretakers. These activities were tolerated knowingly by some one million people, including a few individuals among German occupiers and military.L. de Jong: Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog. The Dutch resistance developed relatively slowly, but the February strike of 1941 (which involved random police harassment and the deportation of over 400 Jews) greatly stimulated resistance. The first to organize themselves were the Dutch communists, who set up a cell-system immediately. Some other very amateurish groups also emerged, notably, De Geuzen, set ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema
Siebren Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema (3 April 1917 – 26 September 2007) was a Dutch writer who became a resistance fighter and RAF pilot during the Second World War. Near the end of the war he was adjudant (assistant) to Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Queen Wilhelmina. He was made Knight 4th class of the Military William Order. He is perhaps best known for his book (Soldier of Orange) which described his experiences in the war. His book was later made into a film. The book and the film about it eventually were made into the most successful Dutch Soldier of Orange (musical), musical ever, premiering 30 October 2010. Early life Roelfzema was born in the former Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies in Surabaya, on Java, when it was under colonial rule. He was from a patrician family, which is listed in the . He was the second child of Siebren Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema and his wife Cornelia Vreede. His older sister, Ellen, had been born two years before. His father managed rubbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
