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Imidic Acid
In organic chemistry, imidic acids are organic compounds with the structure . They are tautomeric to non- tertiary amides () and isomeric to oximes (). The term " imino acid" is an obsolete term for this group that should not be used in this context because it has a different molecular structure.{{GoldBookRef , file=I02959 , title=Imino acids , accessdate=2012-04-02 Imidic acids can be formed by metal-catalyzed dehydrogenation of geminal amino alcohols. For example, methanolamine, the parent compound of the amino alcohols, can be dehydrogenated to methanimidic acid, the parent compound of the imidic acids. :H2NCH2OH → HNCHOH + H2 (tautomer of formamide) Geminal amino alcohols with side chains similarly form imidic acids with the same side chains: :H2NCHROH → HNCROH + H2 Another way to form imidic acids is the reaction of carboxylic acids with azanone. For example, the reaction for carbamic acid: :H2NCOOH + HNO → H2NCNHOH + O2 (tautomer of urea Urea, also ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azanone
Nitroxyl (common name) or azanone (IUPAC name) is the chemical compound HNO. It is well known in the gas phase. Nitroxyl can be formed as a short-lived intermediate in solution. Its conjugate base, NO−, the nitroxide anion, is the reduced form of nitric oxide (NO) and is isoelectronic with dioxygen. The bond dissociation energy of H−NO is , which is unusually weak for a bond to the hydrogen atom. Generation Nitroxyl is produced from the reagents Angeli's salt (Na2N2O3) and Piloty's acid (PhSO2NHOH). Other notable studies on the production of HNO exploit cycloadducts of acyl nitroso species, which are known to decompose via hydrolysis to HNO and acyl acid. Upon photolysis these compounds release the acyl nitroso species which then further decompose. HNO is generated via organic oxidation of cyclohexanone oxime with lead tetraacetate to form 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate: This compound can be hydrolyzed under basic conditions in a phosphate buffer to HNO, acetic acid, and cy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemiaminal
In organic chemistry, a hemiaminal (also carbinolamine) is a functional group or type of chemical compound that has a hydroxyl group and an amine attached to the same carbon atom: . R can be hydrogen or an alkyl group. Hemiaminals are intermediates in imine formation from an amine and a carbonyl by alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution. Hemiaminals can be viewed as a blend of aminals and geminal diol. They are a special case of amino alcohols. Classification according to amine precursor Hemiaminals form from the reaction of an amine and a ketone or aldehyde. The hemiaminal is sometimes isolable, but often they spontaneously dehydrate to give imines. Addition of ammonia The adducts formed by the addition of ammonia to aldehydes have long been studied. Compounds containing both a primary amino group and a hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon atom are rarely stable ("The hemiaminal [derived from primary amines] is, except in very special cases... not observed"), as they tend to de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkanolamine
In organic chemistry, alkanolamines (amino alcohols) are organic compounds that contain both hydroxyl () and amino (, , and ) functional groups on an alkane backbone. Alkanolamine's bifunctionality and physicochemical characteristics lead to its use in many applications, such as textiles, cosmetics, agricultural chemical intermediates, drugs, and metal working fluids. Many aminoalcohols derivatives also have chemotherapeutic properties. Methanolamine.svg, Methanolamine, from the reaction of ammonia with formaldehyde Ethanolamine.svg, Ethanolamine 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.svg, 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a precursor to oxazolines valinol.svg, Valinol is derived from the amino acid valine Sphingosine structure.svg, Sphingosine is a component of some cell membranes. Alkanolamines usually have high-solubility in water due to the hydrogen bonding ability of both the hydroxyl group and the amino group. Alkanoamines have also shown a broad toxicity for a variety of organism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imidate
Carboximidates (or more general imidates) are organic compounds, which can be thought of as esters formed between an imidic acid () and an Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol, with the general formula . They are also known as imino ethers, since they resemble imines () with an oxygen atom connected to the carbon atom of the C=N double bond. Synthesis Imidates may be generated by a number of synthetic routes, but are in general formed by the Pinner reaction. This proceeds via the acid catalyzed attack of nitriles by alcohols. Imidates produced in this manner are formed as their hydrochloride salts, which are sometimes referred to as Pinner salts. Carboximidates are also formed as intermediates in the Mumm rearrangement and the Overman rearrangement. Imidate/amidate anions An amidate/imidate anion is formed upon deprotonation of an amide or imidic acid. Since amides and imidic acids are tautomers, they form the same anion upon deprotonation. The two names are thus synonyms describing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amides
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula , where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid () with the hydroxyl group () replaced by an amino group (); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group () joined to an amino group. Common amides are formamide (), acetamide (), benzamide (), and dimethylformamide (). Some uncommon examples of amides are ''N''-chloroacetamide () and chloroformamide (). Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom. Nomenclature The core of amides is called the amide group (specifically, carboxamide group). In the usual no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azo Compounds
Azo compounds are organic compounds bearing the functional group diazenyl (, in which R and R′ can be either aryl or alkyl groups). IUPAC defines azo compounds as: "Derivatives of diazene (diimide), , wherein both hydrogens are substituted by hydrocarbyl groups, e.g. azobenzene or diphenyldiazene.", where Ph stands for phenyl group. The more stable derivatives contain two aryl groups. The group is called an ''azo group'' (, ). Many textile and leather articles are dyed with azo dyes and pigments. Aryl azo compounds urinary tract infections">Phenazopyridine, an aryl azo compound, is used to treat urinary tract infections">150px Aryl azo compounds are usually stable, crystalline species. Azobenzene is the prototypical aromatic azo compound. It exists mainly as the Cis-trans isomerism, ''trans'' isomer, but upon illumination, converts to the Cis-trans isomerism, ''cis'' isomer. Aromatic azo compounds can be synthesized by azo coupling, which entails an electrophilic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diazene
Diimide, also called diazene or diimine, is a compound having the formula HN=NH. It exists as two geometric isomers, ''E'' (''trans'') and ''Z'' (''cis''). The term diazene is more common for organic derivatives of diimide. Thus, azobenzene is an example of an organic diazene. Synthesis A traditional route to diimide involves oxidation of hydrazine with hydrogen peroxide or air. : Alternatively the hydrolysis of diethyl azodicarboxylate or azodicarbonamide affords diimide: : Nowadays, diimide is generated by thermal decomposition of 2,4,6‐triisopropylbenzenesulfonylhydrazide. Because of its instability, diimide is generated and used ''in-situ''. A mixture of both the ''cis'' (''Z-'') and ''trans'' (''E-'') isomers is produced. Both isomers are unstable, and they undergo a slow interconversion. The ''trans'' isomer is more stable, but the ''cis'' isomer is the one that reacts with unsaturated substrates, therefore the equilibrium between them shifts towards the ''cis'' isomer du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urea
Urea, also called carbamide (because it is a diamide of carbonic acid), is an organic compound with chemical formula . This amide has two Amine, amino groups (–) joined by a carbonyl functional group (–C(=O)–). It is thus the simplest amide of carbamic acid. Urea serves an important role in the cellular metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals. ''Urea'' is Neo-Latin, , , itself from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂worsom''. It is a colorless, odorless solid, highly soluble in water, and practically non-toxic ( is 15 g/kg for rats). Dissolved in water, it is neither acidic nor base (chemistry), alkaline. The body uses it in many processes, most notably metabolic waste#Nitrogen wastes, nitrogen excretion. The liver forms it by combining two ammonia molecules () with a carbon dioxide () molecule in the urea cycle. Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen (N) and is an important ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbamic Acid
Carbamic acid, which might also be called aminoformic acid or aminocarboxylic acid, is the chemical compound with the formula . It can be obtained by the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide at very low temperatures, which also yields ammonium carbamate . The compound is stable only up to about 250 K (−23 °C); at higher temperatures it decomposes into those two gases. The solid apparently consists of dimer (chemistry), dimers, with the two molecules connected by hydrogen bonds between the two carboxyl groups –COOH.J. B. Bossa, P. Theulé, F. Duvernay, F. Borget and T. Chiavassa (2008): "Carbamic acid and carbamate formation in NH3:CO2 ices – UV irradiation versus thermal processes". ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'', volume 492, issue 3, pages 719-724. Carbamic acid could be seen as both an amine and carboxylic acid, and therefore an amino acid;R. K. Khanna and M. H. Moore (1999): "Carbamic acid: molecular structure and IR spectra". ''Spectrochimica Acta Part A: M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formamide
Formamide is an amide derived from formic acid. It is a colorless liquid which is miscible with water and has an ammonia-like odor. It is chemical feedstock for the manufacture of sulfa drugs and other pharmaceuticals, herbicides and pesticides, and in the manufacture of hydrocyanic acid. It has been used as a softener for paper and fiber. It is a solvent for many ionic compounds. It has also been used as a solvent for resins and plasticizers. Some astrobiologists suggest that it may be an alternative to water as the main solvent in other forms of life. Formamides are compounds of the type RR′NCHO. One important formamide is dimethylformamide, (CH3)2NCHO. Production Historical production In the past, formamide was produced by treating formic acid with ammonia, which produces ammonium formate, which in turn yields formamide upon heating: : HCOOH + NH3 → : → HCONH2 + H2O Formamide is also generated by aminolysis of ethyl formate: :HCOOCH2CH3 + NH3 → HCONH2 + CH3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the science, scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic matter, organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.Clayden, J.; Greeves, N. and Warren, S. (2012) ''Organic Chemistry''. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–15. . Study of structure determines their structural formula. Study of properties includes Physical property, physical and Chemical property, chemical properties, and evaluation of Reactivity (chemistry), chemical reactivity to understand their behavior. The study of organic reactions includes the organic synthesis, chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study. The range of chemicals studied chemistry includes hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen) as well as compounds based on carbon, but a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
