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Imidazolidinone
Imidazolidinones are a class of 5-membered ring heterocycles structurally related to imidazolidine. Imidazolidinones feature a saturated C3N2 nucleus, except for the presence of a urea or amide functional group in the 2 or 4 positions. 2-Imidazolidinones The 2-imidazolidinones are cyclic derivatives of urea. 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone is a polar solvent and Lewis base. Drugs featuring this ring system include emicerfont, imidapril, and azlocillin. Dimethylol ethylene urea is the reagent used in permanent press clothing. 4-Imidazolidinones 4-Imidazolidinones can be prepared from phenylalanine in two chemical steps (amidation with methylamine followed by condensation reaction with acetone): Imidazolidinone catalyst work by forming an iminium ion with carbonyl groups of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (enals) and enones in a rapid chemical equilibrium. This iminium activation lower the substrate's LUMO. Several 4-imidazolidinones have been investigated. Drugs featuring the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) is a cyclic ureas, urea used as a high-boiling Polar aprotic solvent, polar aprotic solvent. This colourless, highly polar solvent has high thermal and chemical stability. Together with Homologous series, homologous solvent DMPU, since the 1970s it serves as an analog of tetramethylurea. It can be prepared from 1,2-Dimethylethylenediamine, 1,2-dimethylethylenediamine by reaction with phosgene. History In 1940 DuPont, Du Pont applied for a patent on acetylene storage in many polar organic solvents, one of which was 1,3-dimethyl-2-imid azolidone. The company filed another patent on a method of synthesizing the same compound, albeit called s-dimethylethyleneurea, in 1944. Soon thereafter William Boon from the Imperial Chemical Industries published a different synthesis method of what he called 1:3-dimethyliminazolid-2-one. The compound was more closely studied in the 1960s, with its adoption as a solvent starting in the 1970s. Solvent DMI has e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimethylol Ethylene Urea
Dimethylol ethylene urea is an organic compound derived from formaldehyde and urea. It is a colourless solid that is used for treating cellulose-based heavy fabrics to inhibit wrinkle formation. Dimethylol ethylene urea (DMEU) bonds with the hydroxyl groups present in long cellulose chains and prevents the formation hydrogen bonding between the chains, the primary cause of wrinkling. This treatment produces permanently wrinkle-resistant fabrics and is different from the effects achieved from using fabric softeners. An additional names for DMEU includes 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2-imidazolone. Mechanism Wrinkles form in cotton fabrics due to the free hydroxyl groups. Cotton is a form of cellulose chains linked to form firm three-dimensional structures that offer both tensile strength and flexibility due to their carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen bond based backbone. Since cellulose is composed of glucose units, cyclic carbohydrate molecules, cellulose has free hydroxyl group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imazaquin
Imazaquin is an imidazolinone herbicide, so named because it contains an imidazolinone core. This organic compound is used to control a broad spectrum of weed species. It is a colorless or white solid, although commercial samples can appear brown or tan. Imidazolinone herbicides Imazaquin along with imazamethabenz-methyl, imazapyr, imazapic, imazethapyr, and imazamox comprise the class of synthetic compounds termed the imidazolinone herbicides. These chemicals all feature an imidazolinone ring with a carboxylic acid group attached to the backbone. They vary in the attached ring structure. Imidazolinone herbicides kill plants by inhibiting acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS). AHAS is the first enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid pathway that leads to the synthesis of amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Crop varieties have been developed through conventional breeding that are resistant to these herbicides and are marketed by BASF under the Clearfield brand. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an Amine, α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under Physiological condition, biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential amino acid, essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is Genetic code, encoded by the Genetic code, codons CAU and CAC. Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ''histós'' "tissue". It is also a Precursor (chemistry), precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical (chemistry), radical is histidyl. Pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic Acid
Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of histidine. It is a colorless compound that is sensitive to light in air. The compound features an imidazolone ring. Occurrence It arises via the action of urocanase on urocanic acid. Hydrolysis of the heterocycle to the glutamic acid derivative is catalyzed by imidazolonepropionate hydrolase. Microbial production of imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid in the human gut has been shown to affect insulin signaling, which is relevant to type II diabetes Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent .... See also * Formiminoglutamic acid * Urocanate * Urocanate hydratase References Carboxylic acids Imidazolines Lactams {{heterocyclic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imidazoline
Imidazoline is a heterocycle formally derived from imidazole by the reduction of one of the two double bonds. Three isomers are known, 2-imidazolines, 3-imidazolines, and 4-imidazolines. The 2- and 3-imidazolines contain an imine center, whereas the 4-imidazolines contain an alkene group. The 2-Imidazoline 2-Imidazoline (Preferred IUPAC name: 4,5-dihydro-1''H''-imidazole) is one of three isomers of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, heterocycle imidazoline, with the formula C3H6N2. The 2-imidazolines are the most common imidazolines comm ... group occurs in several drugs.Liu, H. and Du, D.-M. (2009), Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 2-Imidazolines and Their Applications in Homogeneous Catalysis. Adv. Synth. Catal., 351: 489–519. doi: 10.1002/adsc.200800797 References {{Organic-chemistry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiroxatrine
Spiroxatrine (Spiroxamide, R5188) is a drug which acts as a selective antagonist at both the 5-HT1A receptor and the α2C adrenergic receptor. It is an analog of spiperone and also has some dopamine antagonist effects and a relatively weak opioid Opioids are a class of Drug, drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the Papaver somniferum, opium poppy plant. Opioids work on opioid receptors in the brain and other organs to produce a variety of morphine-like effects, ... action.Leysen J, Tollenaere JP, Koch MHJ, Laduron P. Differentiation of opiate and neuroleptic receptor binding in rat brain. ''European Journal of Pharmacology'' 1977; 43(3):253-267. References 5-HT1A antagonists Abandoned drugs Alpha-2 blockers Benzodioxans Dopamine antagonists Imidazolidinones Spiro compounds {{Nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiperone
Spiperone, also known as spiroperidol and sold under the brand name Spiropitan (( JP)) is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone family related to haloperidol. It is approved for clinical use in Japan as a treatment for schizophrenia. Pharmacology Spiperone interacts with various monoamine receptors. Additionally, spiperone was identified by compound screening to be an activator of Ca2+ activated Cl− channels (CaCCs), thus a potential target for therapy of cystic fibrosis. Derivatives ''N''-Methylspiperone (NMSP) is a derivative of spiperone that is used to study the dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitter system. Labeled with the radioisotope carbon-11, it can be used for positron emission tomography. See also * Spirodecanone References {{Navboxes , title = Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemistry, biochemical and physiology, physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). The effects can include those manifes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NNC 63-0532
NNC 63-0532 is a nociceptoid drug used in scientific research. It acts as a potent and selective agonist for the nociceptin receptor, also known as the ORL-1 ( opiate receptor-like 1) receptor. The function of this receptor is not well understood, but it is believed to play a role in disorders like pain, drug addiction, opioid tolerance development, and psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Research into the function of this receptor is an important focus of current pharmaceutical Medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal product, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy ( pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the ... development, and selective agents such as NNC 63-0532 are essential for this work. References Opioids 1-Naphthyl compounds Piperidines Methyl esters Spiro compounds Imidazolidinones Nociceptin receptor agonists {{ner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hetacillin
Hetacillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that is part of the aminopenicillin family. It is a prodrug and has no antibacterial activity itself, but quickly splits off acetone in the human body to form ampicillin, which is active against a variety of bacteria. __TOC__ Administration Hetacillin can be administered orally. The potassium Potassium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol K (from Neo-Latin ) and atomic number19. It is a silvery white metal that is soft enough to easily cut with a knife. Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to ... salt, hetacillin potassium, is administered by injection, either intravenously or intramuscularly. It is sold under the trade name Hetacin for intramammary injection in veterinary use. Hetacillin was withdrawn from the market for human use when the discovery was made that it had no advantages over ampicillin. Chemistry Hetacillin is prepared from ampicillin and acetone. In aqueous solutions it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
