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Imamate Of Futa Jallon
The Imamate of Futa Jallon or Jalon (; or ' , ), sometimes referred to as the Emirate of Timbo, was a West African Islamic state based in the Fouta Djallon highlands of modern Guinea. The state was founded in 1725 by a Fulani jihad and became part of French West Africa in 1896. History Origins Semi-nomadic Fulɓe first came to the Fouta Djallon over successive generations between the 15th and 16th centuries. Initially, they followed a traditional African religion and coexited peacefully with the native Yalunka people. In the 18th century the region saw an influx of Muslim ''Fulɓe'' either from the Sultanate of Massina in the Inner Niger Delta or from the namesake Massina in the Aoukar region of modern-day Mauritania. By 1700, wealthy Muslim Fulanis resented the high taxes and demanded the right to build mosques and Islamic ''madrasa''s. In the 1720's a revolt of Muslim Fula and Malinke broke out under the leadership of the Torodbe cleric Alfa Ba, who declared himsel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third French Republic
The French Third Republic (, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government. The French Third Republic was a parliamentary republic. The early days of the French Third Republic were dominated by political disruption caused by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, which the French Third Republic continued to wage after the fall of Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. Social upheaval and the Paris Commune preceded the final defeat. The German Empire, proclaimed by the invaders in Palace of Versailles, annexed the French regions of Alsace (keeping the ) and Lorraine (the northeastern part, i.e. present-day department of Moselle). The early governments of the French Third Republic considered re-establishing the monarchy, but disagreement as to the nature of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yalunka People
The Yalunka, or Dialonké, are a Mandé-speaking people and the original inhabitants of Futa Jallon (), a mountainous region in Guinea, West Africa. The Yalunka people live primarily in Guinea, particularly in Faranah, while smaller communities are found in Kouroussa. Additional Yalunka are also located in northeastern Sierra Leone, southeastern Senegal, and southwestern Mali. The Yalunka are a branch of the Mandé peoples and are closely related to the Susu people. Some scholars classify the two as one group, The Yalunka are notable for having first converted to Islam, but then renouncing Islam en masse when Muslim Fula people began dominating their region. In the eighteenth century, many of the Yalunka's were displaced from the Futa Jallon. The Yalunka fought against the Fula jihads, left Futa Jallon, migrating south to the foothills of the mountains in Mamou or east to live amongst the Mandinka people of Upper Guinea, others migrated and established new towns such as Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denianke Dynasty
The Empire of Great Fulo (; ), also known as the Denanke Kingdom or Denianke Kingdom, was a Pulaar kingdom of Senegal, which dominated the Futa Toro region from the early 16th century to 1776. Tenguella, a Fula chief in Futa Toro, led an emigration in the 1450s to establish the Futa Kingi state. His actions disrupted trade, which threatened Mali's communication lines, and led to conflict with Songhai. In 1512, Amar Konjago of the Songhai defeated Tenguella, ending his state. Tenguella's son, Koli, led further migrations, and redirected military efforts against the Jolof Empire, hastening its collapse. After Koli's reign, the Denianke dynasty ruled a large empire but later on succession struggles, foreign intervention, and instability followed. In 1776, Sulayman Bal led a revolution, overthrowing the dynasty and establishing the Imamate of Futa Toro. Etymology The ''Deniaankobe'' were the clan of Koli Tenguella. There are a variety of theories for the origin of the name either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulayman Bal
Shaykh Thierno Sulayman Bal (, c. 1720 - 1775) was an 18th-century African leader, warrior, and Islamic scholar, from the Futa Toro region in what is today Senegal. Suleyman Bal was born around 1720 in Bode. Inspired by the Jihads of Alfa Ibrahima Nuhu who led the Imamate of Futa Jallon, in 1770 Sulayman Bal led a revolt in the Fulani Denyanke kingdom and their backers among the Brakna Moors, who had a long history of dominating and pillaging Futa Toro. An assembly of Torodbe leaders announced the deposition of Sule Bubu Gaissiri, the last Denyanke king, and the introduction of a theocracy headed by an elected Imam (almami), but Bal refused the title. In 1776 he was killed in a battle against the Moors.Institut Fondamental de l'Afrique Noire. Musée Historique de Gorée Exhibit (August 2024). Sulayman Bal was succeeded by Abd al-Qadir who consolidated the Futa Toro state, created a military and clerical aristocracy, and became one of the first of many West African leaders to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Futa Toro
Futa Toro (Wolof language, Wolof and , , ; ), often simply the Futa, is a semidesert region around the middle run of the Senegal River. This region, along the border of Senegal and Mauritania, is historically significant as the center of several Fula people, Fulani states, and a source of jihad armies and migrants to the Fouta Djallon. The word Futa is a general name the Fulbe gave to any area they lived in, while Toro was the actual identity of the region for its inhabitants, likely derived from the ancient kingdom of Takrur. The people of the area mostly speak Pulaar, a dialect of the Fula language, Fula language that spans West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. They identified themselves by the language giving rise to the name Haalpulaar'en meaning those who speak Pulaar. The Haalpulaar'en are also known as Toucouleur people, Toucouleurs (var. ''Tukolor''), a name also derived from of Takrur. Geography The Futa Toro stretches for about 400 kilometers, but only a narrow band of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Sori
Ibrahima Sori Barry Mawdo or Ibrahim Sori (died c. 1784) was a Fula leader of the Imamate of Futa Jallon in what is now Guinea in West Africa from around 1751 to 1784. Background In the second half of the 18th century a militant Islamic movement began in the Sudan region to the south of the Sahara, stretching from the Senegal to the Nile. The leaders waged ''jihad'', or holy war, against pagans and less strict Muslims, establishing a string of strictly Muslim states across the region. The first ''jihad'' was launched in Fouta Djallon in 1726 by Ibrahima Musa. He was a leading Muslim cleric who had studied in Kankan. Ibrahima Musa, also known as Ibrahima Sambeghu, Karamokho Alfa or Alfa Ibrahima, enlisted the support of gangs of young men, slaves and outlaws in his fight against the ruling powers. He became recognized as the "Commander of the Faithful" at a time when the Fulani were gaining supremacy over the Jalonke people in a Jihad ''Jihad'' (; ) is an Arabic wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almami
Almami (; Also: Almamy, Almaami) was the regnal name of Tukulor monarchs from the eighteenth century through the first half of the twentieth century. It is derived from the Arabic Al-Imam, meaning "the leader", and it has since been claimed as the title of rulers in other West African theocratic monarchies. Famous holders of the title *Ibrahim Sori, Imamate of Futa Jallon. * Karamokho Alfa, Imamate of Futa Jallon * Bokar Biro, Imamate of Futa Jallon * Almamy Ahmadou of Timbo *Almany Niamody of the Toucouleur vassal state of Kaarta. *Samori Ture of the Wassoulou Empire. * Maba Diakhou Bâ, almamy of Rip in the Saloum region of Senegal. Places * Almami Rural LLG in Papua New Guinea Proper name In recent times the word has become a proper name in some areas of West Africa in honor of the historical figures known by the title. Malian independence leader Almamy Sylla and Guinean football player Almamy Schuman Bah are examples. References *B. A. Ogot(ed). Africa from the Sixte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talansan
Talansan was the location of a battle in Futa Jallon, in what is now Guinea, in which Muslim forces were victorious. The battle was a key event in the ''jihad'' in which the Imamate of Futa Jallon was created. The ''marabout'' party was opposed by the established leaders of the region, who were resisting conversion to Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world .... The battle of Talansan was a decisive victory for the ''marabouts''. Talansan was a location to the east of Timbo on the banks of the Bafing River. According to tradition, a force of 99 Muslims defeated an Traditionalist force ten times greater, killing many of their opponents. However, the struggle to convert the population continued to meet resistance, particularly from nomadic Fulbe herders. They rightl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karamokho Alfa
Karamokho Alfa (born Ibrahima Musa Sambeghu and sometimes called Alfa Ibrahim; died c. 1751) was a Fula religious leader who led a jihad that created the Imamate of Futa Jallon in what is now Guinea. This was one of the first of the Fulbe jihads that established Muslim states in West Africa. Alfa Ba, Karamoko Alfa's father, formed a coalition of Muslim Fulbe and called for the ''jihad'' in 1725, but died before the struggle began. The ''jihad'' was launched around 1726-1727. After a crucial, concluding victory at Talansan, the state was established at a meeting of nine Fulbe ''ulama'' who each represented one of the Futa Jallon provinces. Ibrahima Sambeghu, who became known as Karamokho Alfa, was the hereditary ruler of Timbo and one of the nine ''ulama''. He was elected leader of the ''jihad''. Under his leadership, Futa Jallon became the first Muslim state to be founded by the Fulbe. Despite this, Karamokho Alfa was constrained by the other eight ''ulama''. Some of the ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torodbe
The Torodbe; singular Torodo (also called Turudiyya, Banu Toro, Takrur, Toronkawa) were Muslim Toucouleur people, Toucouleur clerics and theocratic monarchs who preached and reigned in Futa Toro, a region located in the north of present-day Senegal, and other Fula communities in West Africa from at least the seventeenth to the early twentieth century. Drawn from all ethnicites and levels of society, the Torodbe aimed to 'purify' the Islam practiced in West Africa and establish Islamic states run with Islamic law. Origins The Torodbe originated in Futa Toro, a strip of agricultural land along the Senegal River and at the time the state of Takrur, from as early as the 9th to as late as 13th century, later spreading throughout the Fulbe territories. They may well have been a distinct group by the fifteenth century, when the Denianke Dynasty, Denianke conquered Takrur, creating the Empire of Great Fulo. In 1644 the Zawaya Berbers, Berber reformer Nasr ad-Din (Lamtuna), Nasr ad-Din l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malinke People
The Mandinka or Malinke are a West African ethnic group primarily found in southern Mali, The Gambia, southern Senegal and eastern Guinea. Numbering about 11 million, they are the largest subgroup of the Mandé peoples and one of the largest ethnolinguistic groups in Africa. They speak the Manding languages in the Mande language family, which are a ''lingua franca'' in much of West Africa. They are predominantly subsistence farmers and live in rural villages. Their largest urban center is Bamako, the capital of Mali. The Mandinka are the descendants of the Mali Empire, which rose to power in the 13th century under the rule of king Sundiata Keita, who founded an empire that would go on to span a large part of West Africa. They migrated west from the Niger River in search of better agricultural lands and more opportunities for conquest. Nowadays, the Mandinka inhabit the West Sudanian savanna region extending from The Gambia and the Casamance region in Senegal, Mali, Guinea and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aoukar
Aoukar or Erg Aoukar () is a geological depression area of south eastern Mauritania. It is located between Kiffa and Néma, south of the Tagant Plateau. The region is also referred to as Hodh or (). Barth, Henry''Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, being a Journal of an Expedition undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849–1855'', Vol. 3, pp. 712 ff.Harper & Bros. (New York), 1859. Accessed 18 Apr 2014. The Aoukar basin is a dry natural region of sand dunes and salt pans fringed by escarpments on its northern and eastern sides. History There was once vast reed-covered endorheic lake in the area, but it no longer exists. The former lake of Aoukar extended towards the area of Tichit, bordering the southern edge of the Tagant Plateau. Below the cliffs ''(dhars)'' facing the extinct lake remains of about 400 villages have been found. From east to west, Dhar Néma, Dhar Walata, Dhar Tichitt, and Dha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
