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Hypotrachyna Appalachensis
''Hypotrachyna appalachensis'' is a species of blue-gray to gray foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It can be found growing in eastern North America in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The species grows on the bark or wood of trees, specifically hardwood trees, either on the tree's trunk or base. Its name was chosen due to its distribution being entirely restricted to the Appalachian Mountains. The species was originally thought to be '' Hypotrachyna minarum'', which it is morphologically identical to, until molecular data showed ''H. appalachensis'' consistently produced higher concentrations of 4,5-di-O-methylhiascic acid. As a result, ''H. appalachensis'' can only be distinguished with certainty from ''H. minarum'' by using TLC TLC may refer to: Arts and entertainment Television * ''TLC'' (TV series), a 2002 British situational comedy television series that aired on BBC2 * TLC (TV network), formerly the Learning Channel, an American cable TV network ** TLC (Asia) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foliose Lichen
A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like , which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lower surfaces, each of which is usually covered with a cortex; some, however, lack a lower cortex. The photobiont layer lies just below the upper cortex. Where present, the lower cortex is usually dark (sometimes even black), but occasionally white. Foliose lichens are attached to their substrate either by hyphae extending from the cortex or , or by root-like structures called . The latter, which are found only in foliose lichens, come in a variety of shapes, the specifics of which can aid in species identification. Some foliose lichens attach only at a single stout peg called a , typically located near the lichen's centre. Lichens with this structure are called "umbilicate". In general, medium to large epiphytic foliose lichens are moderately sensitive to air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmeliaceae
The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: '' Xanthoparmelia'' ( 822 species), '' Usnea'' (355 species), '' Parmotrema'' ( 255 species), and '' Hypotrachyna'' (262 species). Nearly all members of the family have a symbiotic association with a green alga (most often ''Trebouxia'' spp., but ''Asterochloris'' spp. are known to associate with some species).Miadlikowska, J. ''et al.'' (2006). New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes. ''Mycologia'' 98: 1088-1103. http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/reprint/98/6/1088.pdf The majority of Parmeliaceae species have a foliose, fruticose, or subfruticose growth form. The morphological diversity and complexity exhibited by this group i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appalachian Mountains
The Appalachian Mountains, often called the Appalachians, are a mountain range in eastern to northeastern North America. The term "Appalachian" refers to several different regions associated with the mountain range, and its surrounding terrain. The general definition used is one followed by the United States Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada to describe the respective countries' Physiographic region, physiographic regions. The U.S. uses the term Appalachian Highlands and Canada uses the term Appalachian Uplands; the Appalachian Mountains are not synonymous with the Appalachian Plateau, which is one of the provinces of the Appalachian Highlands. The Appalachian range runs from the Newfoundland (island), Island of Newfoundland in Canada, southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States; south of Newfoundland, it crosses the 96-square-mile (248.6 km2) archipelago of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an overseas collectivity of France, meaning it is technica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from Flowering plant, angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal ecosystem, boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees). Characteristics Hardwoods are produced by Flowering plant, angiosperm trees that reproduce by flowers, and have broad leaves. Many species are deciduous. Those of temperate regions lose their leaves every autumn as temperatures fall and are dormant in the winter, but those of tropical regions may shed their leaves in response to seasonal or sporadic periods of drought. Hardwood from deciduous species, such as oak, normally shows annual dendrochronology, growth rings, but these may be absent in some tropical timber, tropical hardwoods. Hardwoods have a more complex structure than softwoods and are often much slower growing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypotrachyna Minarum
''Hypotrachyna'' is a genus of lichenized fungi within the family Parmeliaceae. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains about 198 species. ''Hypotrachyna'' was circumscribed by American lichenologist Mason Ellsworth Hale Jr in 1974. Species *'' Hypotrachyna adaffinis'' *''Hypotrachyna addita'' *''Hypotrachyna adducta'' *''Hypotrachyna adjuncta'' *''Hypotrachyna aguirrei'' *'' Hypotrachyna ahtiana'' *'' Hypotrachyna alectorialiorum'' *''Hypotrachyna andensis'' *'' Hypotrachyna angustissima'' *''Hypotrachyna anzeana'' *''Hypotrachyna appalachensis'' *''Hypotrachyna aspera'' *''Hypotrachyna bahiana'' *''Hypotrachyna bogotensis'' *''Hypotrachyna booralensis'' *''Hypotrachyna boquetensis'' *''Hypotrachyna bostrychodes'' *'' Hypotrachyna brasiliana'' *''Hypotrachyna brevidactylata'' *''Hypotrachyna brevirhiza'' *''Hypotrachyna brueggeri'' *''Hypotrachyna britannica'' *''Hypotrachyna caraccensis'' *'' Hypotrachyna cendensis'' *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thin-layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures. It is performed on a TLC plate made up of a non-reactive solid coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. This is called the stationary phase. The sample is deposited on the plate, which is eluted with a solvent or solvent mixture known as the mobile phase (or eluent). This solvent then moves up the plate via capillary action. As with all chromatography, some compounds are more attracted to the mobile phase, while others are more attracted to the stationary phase. Therefore, different compounds move up the TLC plate at different speeds and become separated. To visualize colourless compounds, the plate is viewed under UV light or is stained.Jork, H., Funk, W., Fischer, W., Wimmer, H. (1990): Thin-Layer Chromatography: Reagents and Detection Methods, Volume 1a, VCH, Weinheim, Testing different stationary and mobile phases is often necessary to obtain well-defined an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypotrachyna
''Hypotrachyna'' is a genus of lichenized fungi within the family Parmeliaceae. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains about 198 species. ''Hypotrachyna'' was circumscribed by American lichenologist Mason Ellsworth Hale Jr in 1974. Species *'' Hypotrachyna adaffinis'' *'' Hypotrachyna addita'' *'' Hypotrachyna adducta'' *'' Hypotrachyna adjuncta'' *'' Hypotrachyna aguirrei'' *'' Hypotrachyna ahtiana'' *'' Hypotrachyna alectorialiorum'' *'' Hypotrachyna andensis'' *'' Hypotrachyna angustissima'' *'' Hypotrachyna anzeana'' *'' Hypotrachyna appalachensis'' *'' Hypotrachyna aspera'' *'' Hypotrachyna bahiana'' *'' Hypotrachyna bogotensis'' *'' Hypotrachyna booralensis'' *'' Hypotrachyna boquetensis'' *'' Hypotrachyna bostrychodes'' *'' Hypotrachyna brasiliana'' *'' Hypotrachyna brevidactylata'' *'' Hypotrachyna brevirhiza'' *'' Hypotrachyna brueggeri'' *'' Hypotrachyna britannica'' *'' Hypotrachyna caraccensis'' *'' Hypotrachy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Species
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in nutrient cycling and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichens Described In 2020
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichens Of North America
Irwin Murray Brodo (born November 7, 1935 in New York City) is an emeritus scientist at the Canadian Museum of Nature, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He is an authority on the identification and biology of lichens. Early life and education Brodo grew up in the Bronx and attended City College in Manhattan as an undergraduate. He went on to do his graduate studies at Columbia University, and received a master's degree from Cornell University. He earned a Ph.D. in lichenology under the supervision of Henry Imshaug at Michigan State University. Career and research In 1965, Brodo was hired by the National Museum of Canada (now the Canadian Museum of Nature), where he continues to work as a research scientist emeritus. Over his career, he has built the lichen collection (CANL) into one of the best in North America. His research includes in-depth studies on challenging genera such as ''Bryoria'', ''Lecanora'', and ''Ochrolechia''. His 1968 work on the lichens of Long Island and the ef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxa Named By James Lendemer
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion, especially in the context of rank-based (" Linnaean") nomenclature (much less so under phylogenetic nomenclature). If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were presumably set forth in prehistoric times by hunter-gatherers, as suggested by the fairly sophisticated folk taxonomies. Much later, Aristotle, and later still ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
